Scipedia: Documents published in 2023

MODIFICATION OF MECHANISMS FOR REGULATING BANKING COMPETITION IN CONDITIONS OF FINANCIAL INSTABILITY

Elisaveta Grebennikova — Mon, 25 Sep 2023 11:40:03 +0200

The relevance of the study lies in the fact that credit institutions are actively involved in the process of transforming the financial market in the context of the digital transformation of the economy. The object of the study is commercial banks operating in the financial and banking services market. The subject of the study is the system of economic relations between participants in the financial and banking services market in a competitive environment. The purpose of the study is to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the level of banking competition and its impact on the qualitative and quantitative indicators of the functioning of the national banking system. The research methodology includes methods of scientific abstraction, economic and statistical analysis, functional and structural analysis, a systematic approach, a comparison method, graphical and tabular techniques for visualizing statistical and other data, generalization and formalization. The project was carried out as part of the research work of the Structural Research Laboratory of the IAER RANEPA under the President of the Russian Federation in 2022. Research results: development of the theoretical concept of banking competition, taking into account the changed external and internal conditions (digitalization of all spheres of life, transformation of the global financial architecture); study of the processes of banking competition in the Russian Federation and abroad, identification of the main markers of the dynamics of changes in the competitive environment in the context of growing development of ecosystems and banking marketplaces; determination of the main prospects for the transformation of the Russian banking system, analysis of risks associated with the practice of banking mergers and acquisitions. Research prospects: development of methodological tools for an integrated assessment of the level of banking competition in various segments of the financial market.

ASSESSMENT OF THE PROSPECTS FOR RUSSIA TO ENTER THE PATH OF SUSTAINABLE GROWTH AFTER 2021: ANALYSIS OF POSSIBLE DEVELOPMENT RISKS AND DEVELOPMENT OF PROPOSALS FOR RISK MANAGEMENT

Elisaveta Grebennikova — Mon, 25 Sep 2023 11:25:02 +0200

The relevance of the topic is due to the fact that the sharp changes in the sectors of the economy generated by the coronavirus pandemic have changed all existing development forecasts. At the same time, a number of new risks have emerged. In this regard, the development of a forecast for the development of economic sectors, taking into account risks and opportunities, seems to be the most important task for the Russian economy. The purpose of the study is to develop a forecast for key parameters of the socio-economic development of Russia, assess the risks of the forecast and develop tools for responding to risk situations, develop a forecast for the development of the financial sector in the Russian Federation in the medium term The subject of the study is the dynamics of the economic development of the Russian Federation in the medium term. The method or methodology of the study is based on the study of key current and retrospective data on the state of the sectors of the economy of the Russian Federation, highlighting the most important risks and building a medium-term forecast. Main research methods: economic observation, economic modeling, construction of economic hypotheses, historical analysis of economic phenomena, formalization and mathematization method, logical interpretation method, axiomatization method, analogy method As a result of the work carried out, the key components of the public sector, financial and credit markets were analyzed, and an assessment was made of the impact of the worsening external environment. Thus, the paper presents estimates of the prerequisites for the forecast and develops three possible scenarios for the development of sectors of the Russian economy. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the development of unique forecasts for the development of sectors of the Russian economy. The recommendations received as a result of the study indicate the need to develop mechanisms for responding to certain risks, taking into account the possible consequences of such an impact, presented in the forecast.

ORGANIZATION OF THE SYSTEM OF MACROECONOMIC ANALYSIS AND FORECASTING IN THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN

Elisaveta Grebennikova — Mon, 25 Sep 2023 11:04:02 +0200

The relevance of the topic is related to the need to organize systems of macroeconomic analysis, as well as to improve the accuracy of forecasting in the Republic of Uzbekistan. In this regard, the development of a socio-economic development forecast for various scenarios that take into account risks and opportunities seems to be the most important task for the economy of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The purpose of the study is to identify mechanisms and develop proposals for improving economic growth and investment attractiveness in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The subject of the study is the system of macroeconomic analysis and forecasting in the Republic of Uzbekistan in the medium term. The method or methodology of the study is based on the study of key current and retrospective data on the state of the sectors of the economy of the Republic of Uzbekistan, highlighting the most important risks for building a medium-term forecast. As a result of the work carried out, the key components of the public sector, financial and credit markets were analyzed, and an assessment was made of the impact of the worsening external environment. Thus, the paper presents estimates of the prerequisites for the forecast and develops possible scenarios for the development of sectors of the economy of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the development of unique forecasts for the development of sectors of the economy of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The recommendations received as a result of the study indicate the need to develop mechanisms for responding to certain risks for the economy of the Republic of Uzbekistan, taking into account the possible consequences of such an impact presented in the forecast.

Factor de Riesgo Para Suicidio y Factores Asociados En Los Empleados De Un Call Center De Pereira, Colombia

Sandra Cañón — Sun, 24 Sep 2023 19:01:04 +0200

Las tasas de suicidio en el mundo han tenido un aumento progresivo y se concentran más en las edades entre 15 y 29 años. En el ámbito laboral existen factores de riesgo asociados al fenómeno como altas exigencias psicológicas en el trabajo, tensión laboral, bajo apoyo social, inseguridad laboral, largas jornadas laborales. El mundo del trabajo no es ajeno a esta problemática determinada por las condiciones laborales y socioeconómicas, existen casos de empresas en el mundo donde ocurrieron suicidios masivos. '''Objetivo:''' Identificar el factor de riesgo (FRS) para el suicidio y factores asociados en los Trabajadores de un Call Center en Pereira, Colombia.'''Métodos:''' Estudio analítico transversal con muestra aleatoria con un universo de 400 empleados, 47 respondieron el cuestionario a través de formularios de google, Se analizaron variables como calidad de vida laboral, riesgo de suicidio, apoyo social, entre otras . '''Resultados:''' Se encontró un factor de riesgo de suicidio del 21,3%, se asociaron factores como bajo apoyo social, depresión, no practicar religión y la edad. '''Conclusiones:''' Es importante determinar los factores de riesgo en la vida laboral, ya que algunos se asocian con riesgo suicida y así poder contribuir a la calidad de vida de los trabajadores.

THE IMPACT OF THE RUBLE EXCHANGE RATE ON PRICES AND VOLUMES OF RUSSIAN IMPORTS FROM THE EU

Elisaveta Grebennikova — Fri, 22 Sep 2023 15:50:02 +0200

The paper analyzes the impact of the ruble exchange rate on Russian imports from the EU27. The theoretical model considers exporters with elastic output and incompletely free redistribution of outputs between destination markets. The model predicts that an appreciation (depreciation) of the ruble exchange rate leads to an increase (decrease) in volumes, and the adjustment degree decreases as a destination market’s share in the firm's total exports increases. The degree of prices (in euros) adjustment to exchange rate changes, on the contrary, increases as the share of a destination market increases. The empirical results based on Eurostat data for 2005-21 are consistent with these hypotheses. The extensive component of import reaction is considered separately. I show the ruble depreciation reduces the probability of new companies entering the market and increases the probability of existing suppliers exit the market. At the same time, the probability of a firm's exit increases stronger when the share of the Russian market in the firm's total output decreases.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PRICE DYNAMICS IN THE ONLINE SEGMENT AND STANDARD PRICE INDICATORS

Elisaveta Grebennikova — Fri, 22 Sep 2023 14:34:02 +0200

The development of e-commerce in the context of digitalization of the economy contributes to the introduction and expansion of opportunities for the use of new macro and microeconomic indicators based on big data to study inflationary processes. The relevance of this work is determined by the fact that due to their availability and high frequency online prices of multi-channel retailers can be a more representative source of information for measuring and forecasting inflation levels than traditional data. Price indices based on online data made it possible to track price dynamics during the COVID-19 pandemic in real time. The main purpose of the study is to systematize the results of empirical work on the use of online trading data to analyze the features of inflationary processes (subject of the study). In addition, the work is aimed at exploring the possibilities of using online data and online price indices to predict offline prices. The achievement of the stated goal is facilitated by a review of academic literature devoted to the use of online price data for constructing high-frequency online indicators, measuring and forecasting the inflation rate, analyzing price dynamics in the online segment and comparing the rigidity of online prices and prices in traditional retail (tasks of research). The study was conducted using relevant academic literature and as the major source of information and methods such as descriptive, statistical, graphical analysis, a systematic approach, and comparative analysis. Based on the results of the study of the empirical experience of using online price data, it can be concluded that at present, online trade data are intensively used by foreign statistical agencies to build high-frequency price indices and can serve as a representative source of information about the level of inflation. Nevertheless, the review revealed that the official CPI was not replicated completely in any of the existing studies due to the high complexity of data collection and maintaining the database in working order (scientific novelty of the work). In this regard, the prospects for further research of the problem are presented in the maximum possible elimination of this shortcoming based on the previous world experience in the use of online price data and high frequency online indicators. The results of the review can be used in the interests of the monetary authorities of the Russian Federation to build forecast models of inflation, considering high-frequency online data on prices.

DEBT SUSTAINABILITY AT THE SUBNATIONAL LEVEL IN RUSSIA: THEORY, SITUATION, RECOMMENDATIONS

Elisaveta Grebennikova — Fri, 22 Sep 2023 13:49:03 +0200

The relevance of the analysis of debt sustainability is explained by the need to preserve the state's borrowing capacity under the increasing risk of non-fulfillment of debt obligations. A decrease in the borrowing potential during the economic downturn reduces the overall potential of countercyclical fiscal policy. The purpose of the study is to develop recommendations to regional public authorities on the implementation of a balanced debt policy based on a comprehensive analysis of the implementation of debt policy in Russia and countries of the world at the subnational level and to identify the causes, opportunities and limitations of regional loans. The object of the study is the subnational units of countries of the world and their budget and debt policy. The hypothesis of the study was that intergovernmental transfers, but not debt, are the main tool for overcoming negative crisis phenomena at the regional level. According to the results obtained, budget loans, being initially an instrument of debt policy, in fact, has become a new type of intergovernmental transfers. An additional problem is that this creates increased uncertainty for fiscal policy at the regional level. Debt instruments are increasingly becoming the mechanism of intergovernmental relations that reduces the efficiency of the functioning of the budget system as a whole. The novelty of the study consists in detecting significant risks of loss of debt sustainability at the regional level of Russia, despite the low nominal size of the state debt of the regions and measures undertaken at the federal level. The presentation of the theoretical foundations and the conducted diagnostic of regional public finance system allowed us to formulate measures towards further improvement of the measures of the federal policy of regulating the debt sustainability of the regions. Research methodology: review of analytical materials, structural and substantive analysis of regulatory legal acts at the federal and regional levels of countries of the world, comparative analysis of international debt policy experience, systematization of debt policy instruments used in Russia and abroad, development of scientific and practical recommendations.

ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF THE APPLICATION OF ANTICRISIS BUDGET POLICY MEASURES IN RELATION TO THE SUBNATIONAL LEVEL

Elisaveta Grebennikova — Thu, 21 Sep 2023 16:13:02 +0200

The research analyzes the practice of anticrisis support of the subnational level in foreign countries and Russia. The influence of the anticrisis budget policy of the federal center on the balance and sustainability of regional budgets in Russia is assessed. The features of the effectiveness of intergovernmental transfers and budget loans to sub-federal budgets are revealed. It is recommended to take into account the results obtained in the anticrisis support of the regions, as well as to introduce mechanisms that increase the flexibility of federal budget rules to the parameters of subnational finances.

STATE SECTOR: ASSESSMENT CHALLENGES AND PERFORMANCE CRITERIA

Elisaveta Grebennikova — Thu, 21 Sep 2023 16:05:02 +0200

The purpose of this study is to assess and compare the scale of the state sector in Russia, as well as the impact of the state ownership on the effectiveness of companies in Russia and BRICS countries. The study focuses on the major public companies, including state-ownership enterprises (SOEs). The methodology is based on the classification of the largest private and state-owned public companies, evaluation of SOEs’ contribution to key economic and financial indicators, regression analysis of the impact of state ownership on the financial performance. The state sector growth together with the unstable growth and volatile stock markets has been the trend in many economies since the crises of the last 20 years. The role of the state in corporate governance also increased. However, research on the performance of SOEs has become scarce, with virtually no reports from international financial organizations on the subject in the past few years. The issue of cross-country comparisons of the state role in the economy remains unsolved even thought it is of great theoretical importance in the discussions on models of state capitalism and development of methodology of state sector analysis, and is relevant for the management decisions in long-term strategies of socioeconomic development. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that the authors, using their own methods, collected and updated until 2021 indicators of the scale of the state sector, identified issues of assessment of the state sector, and used a unique database of companies from BRICS countries to study the performance of SOEs. The main results are the development of methodological approaches to the assessment of the state sector, updated state sector scale measures up to 2021, which show a continuing trend of growth. The authors have also shown how ambiguous are the existing solutions to measuring the size of the state sector and how large is the gap in estimates. The paper also shows that the state ownership had predominantly negative effect on companies’ performance in BRICS countries and South Korea. The main conclusion of the work is that it is necessary to develop a methodology that allows for an integrated assessment of government intervention on the economy, and to upgrade existing databases to increase corporate information transparency, both private and SOEs. This is especially important for the Russian economy, given the trend towards state sector growth. Such measures will improve the accuracy of state sector research and allow to improve the pace of economic recovery and ongoing monitoring.

ANALYSIS ON MONETARY POLICY COORDINATION IN EURASIAN ECONOMIC UNION

Elisaveta Grebennikova — Thu, 21 Sep 2023 15:51:02 +0200

In this paper we the synchronization of monetary policy in Eurasian Economic Union. The relevance of the study arises from two points: first, independent monetary policy may be a flexible tool of economic stabilization, so is important for countries; second, fluctuations of Russian economy and global shocks affect all the economies of EAEU, so their monetary policy depends on global and Russian interest rates anyway. The purpose of this paper is to estimate the reaction of EAEU central banks to individual, regional and global shocks. For the empirical model we use monthly data on EAEU key macroeconomic indicators from 2013 to 2021, the basic methods are general method of moments, error correction models and global vector autoregressions. Our results show that the reaction of EAEU countries’ macroeconomic variables to global shocks is by large the same, and spillovers from Russian economy play the key role. We conclude that despite heterogenous production structure, level of capital mobility and financial development the key trends in monetary policy depend on Russian inflation and financial cycle. But the future results will depend on the prospect of trade and financial integration in EAEU under external restrictions. The study can be extended with detailed analysis of capital mobility in EAEU transmission by financial channels.

ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES TO DETERMINING THE TARGET LEVEL OF INFLATION IN RUSSIA

Elisaveta Grebennikova — Thu, 21 Sep 2023 15:21:02 +0200

The paper examines the property of the core inflation indicator to predict future values of headline inflation, which is a critical task in preparing a medium-term inflation forecast to support decision-making on monetary policy. To test this property (on the example of the core inflation by Rosstat and inflation excluding fruits and vegetables, gasoline and housing and communal services), two approaches were applied. The first approach projected headline inflation based on actual core inflation and the historical relationship between these indicators, and then projected headline inflation based on actual headline inflation. The accuracy of the two headline inflation forecasts was then compared. As a result, it turned out that core inflation indicators, starting from 2011, better predict headline inflation than current headline inflation values over a horizon of up to a year. The second approach answer the question of whether the accuracy of the headline inflation forecast is improved if the core inflation forecast is used instead. To do this, within a certain class of models, a core inflation forecast was built, which was used as a headline inflation forecast, then its accuracy was compared with a forecast based on the same class of models estimated for headline inflation. As a result, it turned out that in the framework of VAR, MA(1) and ARIMA models, the use of a core inflation forecast instead of a headline inflation forecast increases the accuracy. We estimate VAR model and decompose core inflation by factors (output gap, ruble exchange rate, and monetary policy rate). It helps us to estimate the magnitude of the price shock in the 1st quarter of 2022 in Russian economy, which amounted to 6.2 p.p. Our inflation forecast based on the VAR model assumes its acceleration from 1.6% q/q SAAR in the 4th quarter of 2022 to 4.1% in the 1st quarter and 6.0% in the 2nd quarter of 2023, then it followed by stabilization at 7% QoQ SAAR by the end of 2023.

ANALYSIS OF THE FEASIBILITY OF INTRODUCING VOLUNTARY REGISTRATION OF FOREIGN SUPPLIERS USING THE VAT OFFICE WHEN CARRYING OUT ACTIVITIES IN RUSSIA: INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE

Elisaveta Grebennikova — Thu, 21 Sep 2023 14:51:03 +0200

By the "Main Directions of the Budget, Tax, and Customs Tariff Policy for 2021 and the planning period of 2022 and 2023", voluntary registration for foreign suppliers using the VAT office when carrying out any type of activity (sales to Russian buyers) is stated as part of the topical issues of taxation in the future. This issue was proposed by the business community and should be considered by the Government of the Russian Federation soon. In Appendix 2 (Tax Policy Measures by Types of Taxes) of the “Main Directions of the Budgetary, Tax, and Customs Tariff Policy for 2022 and the Planning Period of 2023 and 2024”, paragraph 5 of the subsection “Value Added Tax” is also devoted to the issue of changing the procedure for determining places of sale of works (services) for VAT purposes and voluntary registration for foreign suppliers using a VAT office, which states that a foreign supplier of works (services) will be able to pay VAT independently in the event of voluntary tax registration in the Russian Federation Federation. Thus, the relevance of the research topic was indicated in the Main Directions for two years in a row, in 2021 and 2022. The geopolitical changes taking place today only increase the relevance of this study, the purpose of which is to free from the formal barriers of the system of registration for VAT purposes of foreign companies providing electronic services to recipients in Russia, to attract as many foreign companies to taxation in the Russian Federation. The implementation of the results of this work can make the conditions for the work of foreign companies in Russia more attractive. The main tasks to be solved within the framework of the study are: to analyze the foreign experience of paying VAT by foreign companies with an emphasis on the voluntariness of registration and online interaction with tax authorities and; to analyze the current tax legislation of Russia in terms of paying VAT by foreign companies, including the issue of applying the institution of tax agents; prepare proposals for improving the tax legislation in Russia, including amendments to certain articles of Chapter 21 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation. The subject of the study is the procedure for indirect taxation of foreign companies in Russia using the VAT office. The method or methodology of research is a combination of general scientific and special methods of cognition, namely, system analysis, the method of analogy, the general logical method of generalization, comparative legal, structural, and functional analysis. The sources of information are research materials of Russian and foreign scientists, legislative bases, websites of tax authorities of the countries of the world, mass media, and other sources. The main applied result of the research is the answer to the question of the advisability or not of the introduction of voluntary registration of foreign suppliers using the VAT office in the implementation of activities in Russia (sales to Russian buyers), which is specified in the "Guidelines for the budget, tax, and customs tariff policy for 2021 and the planning period of 2022 and 2023" (Guidelines). In addition to the above main applied result, the applied results of the study will be proposals for improving the payment of VAT in Russia by foreign companies. The scientific novelty of the main applied result is due to the novelty of the question itself about the advisability of introducing voluntary registration within the framework of the Guidelines. The scientific novelty of other applied results is due to the analysis of the current tax legislation of Russia, and foreign experience, on the topic of the study for 2021, and 2022, initiatives in 2023. As a result of the analysis of foreign experience, the following conclusions were drawn in the world, voluntary registration for the purpose of paying VAT of foreign suppliers, and not always through personal accounts or special services similar to the VAT office on the websites of tax services. Voluntary registration is not limited to e-services, but also, for example, includes low-value goods. As a recommendation, it seems appropriate to allow voluntary registration for VAT purposes for foreign companies in Russia. In the future, this work can become a starting point for studying the issues of changing approaches to taxation, and administration of income of foreign companies in Russia, including direct taxation.

General foundations of high-order immersed interface methods to solve interface problems

M. Uh Zapata — Tue, 19 Sep 2023 19:55:04 +0200

This work forms the foundation for addressing high-order immersed interface methods to solve interface problems and enables us to conduct in-depth examination of this theory. Here, we focus on the introduction a fourth-order finite-difference formulation to approximate the second-order derivative of discontinuous functions. The approach is based on the combination of a high-order implicit formulation and the immersed interface method. The idea is to modify the standard schemes by introducing additional contribution terms based on jump conditions. These contributions are calculated only at grid points where the stencil intersects with the interface. Here, we discuss the issues of implementing the one-dimensional Poisson equation and the heat conduction equation with discontinuous solutions as a three-point stencil for each grid point on the computational domain. In both cases, the resulting discretization approach yields a tridiagonal linear system with matrix coefficients identical to those employed for smooth solutions. We present several numerical experiments to verify the feasibility and accuracy of the method. Thus, this high-order method provides an attractive numerical framework that can efficiently lead to the solution to more complex problems.

Symbolic Regression Approaches for the Direct Calculation of Pipe Diameter

Dejan Brkić — Thu, 14 Sep 2023 21:23:03 +0200

This study provides novel and accurate symbolic regression-based solutions for the calculation of pipe diameter when flow rate and pressure drop (head loss) are known, together with the length of the pipe, absolute inner roughness of the pipe, and kinematic viscosity of the fluid. PySR and Eureqa, free and open-source symbolic regression tools, are used for discovering simple and accurate approximate formulas. Three approaches are used: (1) brute force of computing power, which provides results based on raw input data; (2) an improved method where input parameters are transformed through the Lambert W-function; (3) a method where the results are based on inputs and the Colebrook equation transformed through new suitable dimensionless groups. The discovered models were simplified by the WolframAlpha simplify tool and/or the equivalent Matlab Symbolic toolbox. Novel models make iterative calculus redundant; they are simple for computer coding while the relative error remains lower compared with the solution through nomograms. The symbolic-regression solutions discovered by brute force computing power discard the kinematic viscosity of the fluid as an input parameter, implying that it has the least influence.

EFFECT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC UPON DEMOGRAPHIC PROCESSES IN REGIONS OF RUSSIA

Elisaveta Grebennikova — Thu, 14 Sep 2023 10:49:02 +0200

The preprint considers official statistical data on fertility, migration and mortality across Russian regions in 2020-2021 and is aimed at a comparison of dynamics of these processes in the time of COVID-19 pandemic and in the preceding years. To carry out this comparison, changes of several key demographic indicators (life expectancy at birth and inputs of different age groups and causes of death into its changes; total fertility rates of children of different birth orders; indicators of migration balance) in regions of Russia in the time before and during the pandemic are considered. It is shown that regional differences in dynamics of the mortality indicators were especially large. Sources of these differences need a separate study. Changes in fertility were more uniform: the pattern with decreasing fertility of first and second children with stable fertility of 3+ children was most common across regions. For migration, a considerable decrease of number of regions with a positive migration balance was observed in 2020 and, still more, in 2021.

MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION APPROACHES CHARACTERISTICS OF LOCAL LABOR MARKETS IN RUSSIA BASED ON MICRODATA

Elisaveta Grebennikova — Thu, 14 Sep 2023 10:45:03 +0200

The aim of the work is to test approaches to the analysis of the characteristics of local labor markets in Russia using big micro-level data. The first chapter deals with modern theoretical and empirical approaches to the study of local labor markets, the concept of market power and concentration of the labor market. The second chapter presents a model of the connection between the market power of employers and the wages of employees, and formulates the theoretical hypotheses of the study. The third chapter reveals approaches to the development of a database on local labor markets, highlights patterns that are characteristic of the Russian labor market. The fourth chapter provides an empirical analysis of the influence of the characteristics of Russian local labor markets on the level of wages of workers. The fifth chapter summarizes the results and formulates recommendations based on the results of the study.

CONSUMPTION, LEISURE, SOCIAL INTERACTIONS: THE WAY OF LIFE OF RUSSIANS IN CONDITIONS OF INSTABILITY

Elisaveta Grebennikova — Thu, 14 Sep 2023 10:36:04 +0200

The aim of the study is to identify the features of lifestyle and social practices in the spheres of consumption, leisure and social interactions, implemented by various groups of the population in conditions of instability. Informational base of the study is questionnaire surveys, held in 2021-2022, each of which was conducted based on all over Russia representative sample. The review of theoretical and conceptual developments allowed to classify main approaches to understanding of lifestyle in social sciences. The analysis of empirical data produced the opportunity to examine online consumption practices settled in the post pandemic period and specifics of consumption in conditions of new 2022 risks. Models and limitations of implementing leisure practices were studied. There were studied the specifics of social interactions system including in the context of its resource significance from the point of view of adaptational tasks.

Adaptive ensemble surrogate-based optimization and analysis of forklift pallet racks

张伟 — Thu, 14 Sep 2023 10:18:03 +0200

As an important part of the lifting platform of pallet forklift trucks, how to reduce the deformation of the pallet rack under working conditions while reducing the mass to ensure the safety performance of forklift trucks is the most concerning issue in the design of forklift truck structure. The pallet rack structure is complex, and optimizing simulation using traditional high-precision simulation models takes much time and effort. Therefore, this paper takes the lifting platform of an unmanned AVG forklift truck as the research object and establishes a parametric model of the pallet rack using the 3D modelling software SolidWorks and the finite element analysis software ANSYS to carry out static analysis of it. Optimization design variables are selected, a single surrogate model and ensemble surrogate model are chosen for various surrogate model techniques, a small number of sample points are used to construct a low-precision model, and adaptive infilling technology is used to improve the model accuracy, and the structure is optimized, and the results show that, while the pallet rack structure meets the requirements of light weight and strength, the mass is reduced by 1.2%, and the morphology is reduced by 17.2%. Moreover, a global sensitivity analysis of each design parameter was carried out under the guidance of the surrogate model, highlighting the most influential design variable as the height of the channel steel and establishing the design variables that should be taken into account in the structural design. This paper compares the performance of the mainstream single-surrogate model and ensemble-surrogate model as well as the adaptive infilling strategy in engineering design and proves that the surrogate model optimization method has a certain guiding significance for the structural optimization design of pallet racking.

Cross-border migration in the era of the pandemic: analysis of the impact of COVID-19 on the processes of geographical mobility

Elisaveta Grebennikova — Thu, 14 Sep 2023 10:14:02 +0200

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about dramatic changes in all areas of public life, both at the country and global levels. In a situation of disorientation in which national governments found themselves in the spring of 2020, unprecedented measures were taken to close state borders, which led to a cessation or a sharp reduction in migration inflows. However, it soon became clear that the dependence of a number of sectors of the economy on migrant labor is so significant that it requires a significant mitigation/removal of the imposed restrictions. Thus, management structures are facing a serious challenge, namely the need to choose a course in migration policy that reflects a reasonable balance between the imperatives of socio-economic development and the imperatives of security in the health sector.

Migrant communities in Western European countries and in Russia: social demands and structural constraints

Elisaveta Grebennikova — Thu, 14 Sep 2023 10:09:02 +0200

The study of communities formed by migrants is crucial for understanding the political communication in industrialized countries. There are three circumstances that actualize such a study. First, in countries with a long history of immigration, institutions of public representation of migrants have been developed to ensure the participation of the latter in the political life of the host societies. Secondly, migrants can form associations at the grassroots level to find common solutions without direct interaction with government institutions. Thirdly, migrants are often involved in the social and political life of the country of origin, as they maintain contact with organizations operating in their homeland. This connection is facilitated and intensified due to various online platforms. This paper provides an overview of current research on this topic, made in Western European countries, as well as the results of our own field research conducted in several Russian cities.

THE WAGE OF STEM PROFESSIONALS IN RUSSIA: THE IMPORTANCE OF HUMAN CAPITAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FACTORS

Elisaveta Grebennikova — Thu, 14 Sep 2023 09:57:02 +0200

In the age of digital transformation, there is an increasing discussion about human resource shortages. In particular, IT professionals, in general, specialists in science and technology (STEM - Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics). One of the decisive factors in attracting and retaining highly qualified employees is the level of remuneration, so it is important to understand what the determinants of its level in Russia are. Thus, our research answers the question: what factors influence the compensation of STEM professionals in Russia? The influence of human capital (special experience and availability of higher education) and institutional factors (organization size, economic sector, organization profile) were considered. The data of the National Research University Higher School of Economics Russian Monitoring of Economic Situation and Health for 2010-2020 were used for the analysis. The results show that the level of financial compensation increases when a STEM specialist has higher education, works in a large and commercial organization. Work experience has no effect on compensation. The profile of the organization (technical or not) also did not show an unambiguous result in this study.

VET STAFFING MODELS DEPENDING ON THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION’S REGIONS

Elisaveta Grebennikova — Thu, 14 Sep 2023 09:52:03 +0200

Professional and teaching personnel training and the staffing of the secondary vocational education (SVE) system is one of the most important tasks both in the Russian education state policy and in scientific research. The problem of the SVE digital transformation and building the corresponding teachers’ competencies, the legislative requirements for educational activities, the new requirements for SVE teachers in the framework of the federal project "Professionality" are tasks that require balanced decisions at the federal and regional levels. Significant events of the last three years (the COVID-19 pandemic, global economic crisis, challenging foreign policy situation) result in the need to focus on updating the SVE teaching staff competencies. Equally pressing are the “eternal” problems, including the aging of teaching staff and the predominance of female teachers in the secondary vocational education system, ways to rejuvenate teaching staff in the SVE institutions and ways to obtain pedagogical qualifications in secondary vocational education, ensuring targeting and personalization of the teachers’ educational trajectories through additional professional education. The purpose of the preprint is to present the analysis of staffing models for the secondary vocational education system, taking into account domestic and foreign approaches, and to develop proposals for building a perspective model for staffing the secondary vocational education system. The study is based on the methodology of system analysis, uses the methods of comparative analysis, systematization and generalization of scientific literature and educational practice, the modeling method. As a result of the study, the characteristics of the staffing models of the vocational education system were presented based on the analysis of foreign and domestic experience in building and developing staffing requirements for the vocational education and training system. The novelty is connected to the development of proposals for building a future-oriented model of secondary vocational education system staffing. The results of the study can be applied in making decisions on the formation and development of staffing system for secondary vocational education at the federal and regional levels.

Prospects for improving the efficiency of the system of social contracts in the Russian Federation

Elisaveta Grebennikova — Thu, 14 Sep 2023 09:44:02 +0200

The subject area of the research is issues related to improving the effectiveness of the System of Government Social Assistance on the basis of the Social Contract (GSA SC). The purpose of the research is to construct proposals for development of the GSA SC based on its transformation into an activation-type program with a dominance of activities aimed at stimulating the participation of low-income households in labor activity. The relevance of the research topic is determined by the need to improve the effectiveness of the current system of the Social Contracts in the Russian Federation, improve the methodology used to measure its effectiveness and increase the informativeness of the estimates being developed. The scientific novelty of the research connects with the new approaches developed within the research frameworks to measure the GSA SC economic effects at the households sector level. The methodology and methodological approaches implemented within the research framework were based on taking into account the impact of the GSA SC activities on the development of the household sector economy, in which dynamics measuring a system of indicators developed in the national accounting statistics is used. The main results of the research include: assessments of the GSA SC system current state and the problems of its insufficient effectiveness identified in the analysis; proposals for GSA SC development as an activation type program; the proposed approaches to the construction of estimates for the impact of GSA SC activation version on the basic indicators of the household sector; estimates of GSA SC economic effects. Conclusions and recommendations. In its current form GSA SC only in certain areas is focused on achieving the main goals of the social contract systems - getting out of poverty and forming permanent sources of income. In a number of areas, GSA SC duplicates the activities provided within the other programs of social assistance to the population. Prospects for improving the GSA SC efficiency in the Russian Federation are associated with its transformation into an activation-type program with economic effects provided when the poor are included in production activities.

METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF TAKING INTO ACCOUNT NON-MONETARY FACTORS IN MEASURING THE LEVEL OF POVERTY

Elisaveta Grebennikova — Wed, 13 Sep 2023 16:44:03 +0200

The relevance of the research is related to the need of improving the methodology for measuring the population poverty level in the Russian Federation. The purpose of the research is to develop methodological approaches to inclusion of non-monetary components in the system of factors taken into account in the process of estimates construction of population poverty level and its dynamics in the Russian Federation. The tasks to be solved within the framework of the ongoing research include: analysis of existing methodological approaches to measuring the poverty level; identification of problematic aspects of the monetary indicators use in measuring the poverty level; analysis and systematization of promising international measurement experience taking into account non-monetary components; development of proposals for improving the methodology for constructing estimates of the poverty level in Russian statistics. The research was conducted as part of the research work of the 2021 RANEPA state task. During the research, methods of analysis and systematization of existing promising developments in the field of integrated measurements of the level and dynamics of the population poverty level were used. The information basis of the research was promising developments in the methodology of accounting for non-monetary factors in measuring poverty, presented in documents of international organizations UN, IMF, World Bank, OECD and EU, as well as relevant developments implemented in the statistics of individual countries. The specific results of the research include: developed methodological basis for constructing multidimensional estimates of the population poverty level, recommended approaches to taking into account non-monetary components in measuring the poverty level and its dynamics, proposals for taking into account deprivation characteristics in constructing multidimensional estimates of the population poverty level. The main conclusions of the research: the most promising approaches to accounting for non-monetary factors include the development of material deprivation indicators, which can be supplemented with information on indicators of social isolation. The prospects of the research and the directions of further work are related to the development of methodological basis for constructing estimates of the poverty level based on a combination of its monetary and material characteristics.

Assessment of migration potential from different countries of the world to Russia

Elisaveta Grebennikova — Wed, 13 Sep 2023 14:54:03 +0200

The paper presents the results of a study conducted with the purpose of assessing various countries of the world in terms of migration potential to Russia, defined as the prospect of the emergence or increase in the volume of migration to Russia as a result of the purposeful efforts of the Russian state and society. The text presents a theoretical model, methodology and calculations of three main indicators: the general migration potential of the country, the migration potential to Russia and the migration potential to Russia, taking into account the population of the respective country. The formulas developed for calculating the migration potential take into account a variety of factors: demographic, geographic, economic, political, etc. For each indicator, calculations were made based on the available statistics for 129 countries. The results of the calculations allow singling out the countries that are most interesting from the point of view of migration potential to Russia – these are, first of all, the countries of Africa and the former USSR. The final part of the text discusses the limitations of the presented study and prospects for further work.

Key person analysis in persistent topic with online forum

Zehong LIN — Mon, 11 Sep 2023 08:06:11 +0200

The influence of users on online Forum should not be simply determined by the global network topology but rather in the corresponding local network with the user’s active range and semantic relation. Current analysis methods mostly focus on urgent topics while ignoring persistent topics, but persistent topics often have important implications for public opinion analysis. Therefore, this paper explores key person analysis in persistent topics on online Forum based on semantics. First, the interaction data are partitioned into subsets according to month, and the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) and filtering strategy are used to identify the topics from each partition. Then, we try to associate one topic with the adjacent time slice, which fulfills the criterion of having high similarity degree. On the basis of such topics, persistent topics are defined that exist for a sufficient number of periods. Following this, the paper provides the commitment function update criteria for the persistent topic social network (PTSN) based on the semantic and the sentiment weighted node position (SWNP) to identify the key person who has the most influence in the field. Finally, the emotional tendency analysis is applied to correct the results. The methods in real data sets validate the effectiveness of these methods.

A new sixth-order immersed interface method for solving Poisson equations with straight interfaces

R. Itza Balam — Tue, 05 Sep 2023 22:31:12 +0200

This paper introduces a sixth-order Immersed Interface Method (IIM) for addressing 2D Poisson problems characterized by a discontinuous forcing function with straight interfaces. In the presence of this discontinuity, the problem exhibits a non-smooth solution at the interface that divides the domain into two regions. Here, the IIM is employed to compute the solution on a fixed Cartesian grid. This method integrates necessary jump conditions resulting from the interface into the numerical schemes. In order to achieve a sixth-order method, the proposed approach combines implicit finite differences with the IIM. The proposed scheme is efficient because the matrix arising from discretization remains the same as in the smooth problem, and changes are made to the resulting linear system by introducing new terms on the right side. These supplementary terms account for the discontinuities in the solution and its derivatives, with calculations restricted near the interface. The paper demonstrates the accuracy of the proposed method through various numerical examples.

Numerical simulation of bulk superconductor during pulsed field magnetization based on multi-field coupled analysis

Yu Yang — Thu, 31 Aug 2023 10:39:06 +0200

High-temperature bulk superconductors are widely used in various superconducting devices due to their high critical current density, which enables them to trap high magnetic fields. However, the critical current density of bulk superconductors is influenced by magnetic field, temperature and stress, and both increase of stress and temperature can lead to a decrease in the critical current density. And the influence of magnetic field, current, stress are interactional. In this paper, the multi-field coupled analysis is employed to investigate the electromagnetic and mechanical behavior on bulk superconductor during pulsed field magnetization. The simulation results were compared with the present experimental results. The results showed a good agreement between the simulation and experimental results, further validating the reliability of the numerical simulation method. The magnetic field, current, temperature, and stress distribution and variation within the bulk sample during the pulsed magnetization process were calculated and analyzed. Additionally, the influence of the central crack and edge crack in the bulk superconductor was investigated. The results indicate that the region near the crack experiences a variation in current flow direction, resulting in local temperature rise and significant electromagnetic forces. The tip of the crack exhibits stress concentration, leading to a decrease in critical current density. Bulk supercondutor with edge crack case exhibits greater stress concentration compared to those with central crack case. The impact of crack length on maximum stress was analyzed, revealing that as the crack length increases, both the maximum hoop stress and radial stress within the bulk sample rise.

Finite Element Analysis of Novel Biochar Reinforced Epoxy Resin Composites for Sustainable Applications

Iveena Mukherjee — Tue, 29 Aug 2023 17:21:03 +0200

Greater focus on sustainability across numerous industries has led to an uptick in the demand for increasingly environmentally-friendly materials. Biochar has recently come into the arena as a material that is created from biomass that has undergone pyrolysis. The benefits of this material include inputs easily found in nature (ie. pine wood), high biodegradability, and high relative strength. When combined with epoxy resin, it was hypothesized that this composite would create a stronger, more environmentally-friendly material than either component by itself. Through the use of ABAQUS, a finite element analysis software, representative volume elements (RVEs) were created in order to test several configurations, load magnitudes & types, variations of biochar, and mass percentages to determine the most stress-resistant material. Through analysis of the maximum and minimum von Mises Stress percentages experienced by each RVE, 4 assignable sections of spruce-fir and pine sawdust biochar collectively produced the smallest von Mises Stress percentages, indicating a low likelihood of plastic characteristics after applied stress. Across all RVEs, the median number of assignable sections (4) for biochar had the lowest von Mises Stress percentages, indicating that maintaining elastic properties is best done through a hybrid of epoxy resin and biochar. In terms of the best type of stress, hydrostatic stress gave more favorable results (decreased von Mises percentages). Differences between the reaction force from varying pressures was proportional, indicating similar behavior at different stress values. Future applications include interdisciplinary applications of epoxy resin in green-transportation, green-construction, or crack prevention across other environmentally conscious disciplines.

THE NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF THERMAL CYCLE OF LASER SURFACE HARDENING

Janusz Pikuła — Fri, 25 Aug 2023 09:04:02 +0200

Subassemblies of machines and devices must be characterized by appropriate exploitation features, especially in relation to the surface layer of cooperating surfaces. Structure and properties of these layers ensure appropriate resistance to abrasive, corrosive and fatigue wear and determine the operating life and failure-free cooperation of these components. Specific antiwear characteristics of surface layers can be obtained using many different manufacturing techniques. The current techniques include treatment with a concentrated energy beam, e.g. laser beam. The essence of the laser beam surface hardening process is the introduction of a sufficient amount of heat into the workpiece material as a result of the absorption of the laser radiation and the cooling of the surface as a result of heat conduction deep into the material (usually no additional cooling media are used for cooling). A necessary condition is an adequate heat capacity of the workpiece.

The hardening process with concentrated energy beams does not require heating of the entire workpiece. The workpieces are only heated in the surface layer. A precisely defined and locally limited heat affected zone means that the amount of heat introduced into the material is very limited.

Solving technical problems of surface hardening is often aided by numerical methods, among which the finite element method (FEM) is the most commonly used.

In this study, FEM numerical models of the laser hardening process were developed. It was determined the heat capacity of the workpieces sufficient to achieve the required thermal cycle at the workpiece specific locations. It was also determined the influence of the heating path sequence and the time delay between them on the thermal cycles.

Seismic response characteristics of a tunnel portal subjected to topographical and geological asymmetsric loading

Fang Peng — Wed, 23 Aug 2023 17:05:03 +0200

The tunnel portal is the most seismically vulnerable section of the tunnel against earthquakes. Due to the combined effects of topographic and geological asymmetric loading, the mechanical characteristics of this type of portal are very complex. In this study, a three-dimensional numerical model was developed and calculated to investigate the seismic response characteristics of a tunnel portal subjected to topographic and geological asymmetric loading. The results show that the seismic weakness of the tunnel support structure is located at the tunnel arch shoulders and sidewalls; the time to reach the peak displacement around the tunnel is slightly delayed compared to the slope, and the time to reach the peak displacement shows a phased pattern. Compared to the tunnel structure, the slopes are more prone to landslides and other disasters due to terrain and geological factors under earthquake action. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the seismic and anti-seismic design of tunnel slopes.

A Eugenius Way of Anesthesia: The Effects of Different Clove Oil Anesthesia Administration Methods on Earthworm Physiology and Behavior

Alana Wolfson — Wed, 23 Aug 2023 15:05:13 +0200

Clove oil, Eugenia caryophyllata, has been implemented as home therapeutic medicine for its anesthetic effects. The active ingredient, eugenol inhibits voltage gated sodium channels, hence sedating as an anesthetic. Clove oil provides an alternative for synthetic analgesics including morphine. The typical application of clove oil consists of topical application through liquid immersion. In addition to liquid, emulsification gel application allows for another form of controlled penetrative topical drug delivery. Moreover epicutaneous application through microneedles allowed for a non-invasive administrative method of delivering clove oil between the cuticle and epidermis. Earthworms Lumbricus terrestris were the specimens tested due to their complex neurological functionalities. Mobility, convulsions, stimuli response, regeneration, and mortality were evaluated with concentrations of 0%, 1%, 2%, 3% with gel/immersion, and additional 0.5% with epicutaneous application. Different components of the experiment were conducted within a time-span of three years. 1% epicutaneous was shown to sedate the stimuli response of earthworms at an extremely fast rate. Furthermore 1% clove oil of all administration methods were the most effective as compared to lower concentrations 0.5% and higher concentrations 2%-3%. None of the administrative methods or concentrations of clove oil application caused limitations in regeneration, convulsive movements, or increased rate in mortality. The limitations of this experiment consist of not consistently regulating the temperature of the medium. Future implications consist of more trials for validation and evaluating vaporization as another potential application. 1% epicutaneous showed an efficient form of sedation without severe behavioral and physiological complications.

Multi-objective design and optimization of forklift gantry by using multiple surrogate models

Liye Lv — Wed, 23 Aug 2023 05:04:05 +0200

Forklift is a kind of material handling robot, which is widely used in short-distance handling in the industrial field. However, at present, the structural design of forklifts is generally based on designers' experience, and there are still many problems in domestic forklifts compared with foreign countries. In this paper, the forklift gantry is taken as the research object, and four typical surrogate modeling techniques, namely PRS, KRG, RBF, and SVR models, are used for optimal design and analysis. The study shows that the KRG model has the best performance and RBF model has the worst performance in terms of global and local accuracy. Multi-objective optimization design of the weight and total deformation of the gantry is carried out with the maximum stress of the gantry and I-beam geometry as constraints. Taking the KRG model as an example, the comparison of the results before and after optimization shows that the weight of the I-beam of the forklift gantry is reduced by 11.9% and the maximum total deformation is reduced by 23.2% while satisfying the constraints. Global sensitivity analysis (GSA) of the forklift gantry reveals that the height of the I-beam has the greatest impact on the gantry performance.

An Efficient approach for the Early Prediction of Alzheimer’s Disease through RNFL

sandeep c s — Fri, 04 Aug 2023 10:34:03 +0200

Dementia of Alzheimer’s type (DAT), is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly population. Previous clinical and histological studies suggest that the neurodegenerative process, which affects the brain, may also affect the retina of DAT patients, especially the Retinal Nerve fiber Loss (RNFL) layer. Any disease-modifying treatments which are developed are most possibly to be achieving success if initiated early in the process, and this needs that we tend to develop reliable, validated and economical ways to diagnose Alzheimer’s kind brain disease. However, despite comprehensive searches, no single test has shown adequate sensitivity and specificity, and it is possible that a mixture will be required. Profiling of human body parameter using computers can be utilized for the early judgment of Dementia of Alzheimer’s type. There are many imaging techniques utilized in clinical practice for the identification of Alzheimer’s kind pathology. In this paper, extracting the RNFL layer of Retina Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) Images for the early diagnosis of DAT has been proposed. For this purpose, we have proposed a method based on Discrete Wavelet Networks (DWNs) for extracting the RNFL layer of Retina OCT images for the classification of Alzheimer’s from normal. This method provides reliable and validated results for OCT images.

The Creation of Bio-based Mycelium-Substrate Composite Insulation Using Waste Stream Products

Jack Voelker — Tue, 01 Aug 2023 19:44:39 +0200

Increases in the world’s population and subsequent urbanization has driven consumption levels of building materials higher. In order to meet this need, and maintain the sustainability of resources, novel, ecofriendly insulation materials must be developed. These types of insulation materials should possess excellent thermal, acoustic and electrical insulating properties. In this study, four bio-based mycelium-substrate composites were developed by creating combinations of two mushroom species (T. versicolor and P. ostreatus) and two different growth substrates derived from waste stream sources (paper and bagasse). To test these mycelium-substrate composites for thermal, acoustic and electrical insulating properties, three low-cost novel testing systems were developed. The test materials included paper, bagasse, T. versicolor-paper composite (TP), T. versicolor-bagasse composite (TB), P. ostreatus-paper composite (PP), and P. ostreatus-bagasse composite (PB). The ability of commercial insulation, TP, PP and PB to reduce heat flow across a temperature gradient over 40 minutes was found to be significantly better, as compared to no insulation, with thermal conductivity values of 0.0407, 0.0461, 0.0356, and 0.0336 W/(mK), respectively. These mycelium-substrate composites performed similarly to commercial insulation. The average percent reductions in sound were 0%, 22.97%, 7.97%, 11.08%, 25.24%, 16.08%, 28.76%, and 32.36% for no insulation, commercial insulation, paper, bagasse, TP, TB, PP and PB respectively. The average amperage for each test material was 0 amps in response to 50 V. These results warrant further investigation of these bio-based mycelium-substrate composites in order to determine their potential applications.

Do Stress Levels Affect Response Reactions to Background music?

Emma Davidoff — Sun, 30 Jul 2023 06:26:04 +0200

Music is different sounds put together to create harmonies. Stress is a reaction to an interference that disturbs the functioning of an organism. Although many previous experiments tested the effect of music on stress levels and reactions, the correlations among three factors (perception, processing, and reaction) has not been investigated. The objective of this experiment is to test the effect of stress levels on correlations of three factors within physical response reaction with and without background music. It is hypothesized that participants with high-stress levels would have the fastest response reaction regardless of the type of music they listen to. Each participant was randomly put in one group, each group having different testing sequences. The participants then took a stress test, listened to cheerful, suspenseful, and no music for thirty seconds each, and took a “push the button activity” to test their reaction speed. Participants were divided into different groups according to their stress levels and reaction time under different music conditions was compared. Listening to music worsened participants' reactions, however it had the least influence on low stress participants. The data showed that there is no significant difference in reaction times possibly due to the small sample size. It rejects the hypothesis that high stress levels will have a faster response reaction time regardless of the music they listen to. Participants with high stress levels have a faster reaction time and so do low stress levels. Future work includes specific age requirements and extended time period for data collection.

The Creation of Alternative Soundproofing Using Recyclable Materials

Zachary Rho — Sun, 30 Jul 2023 03:21:00 +0200

In today’s world, the rate of urbanization is increasingly getting faster and faster. Large cities that are heavily populated produce noise that is not only harmful to one’s hearing, but also for concentration and productivity. If constantly exposed to an environment such as the ones existing in heavily populated cities, long-term effects will take place in the health of citizens such as damage to the cochlea membrane, increased progression of hearing loss, and long-term nerve damage within the ear canal. Furthermore, there is an average of 292.4 million tons of waste being produced on average since the year 2018. Approximately 50% of materials being thrown out are materials that can be recycled or repurposed. Using recyclable materials to create an effective yet affordable soundproofing composite would be important from a health, economic and environmental standpoint. Composites created from recyclable materials (foam, cardboard, binder, soundproofing material) were constructed and their soundproofing capabilities were measured using a self-constructed low-cost impedance tube. A bluetooth speaker was used to produce a consistent frequency of sound (400 Hz) for 5 seconds into a composite. A Vernier SoundProbe was utilized to measure the sound after passing through the composite in decibels. The average amplitude (decibels) without any composite was 2.5 while with composite materials (<1.5). Percent reductions were calculated for each material (all reduced more than 15% of sound). The data supported the hypothesis in that the recyclable composites were able to reduce noise levels by 15% or more.

Applying 2D numerical model to calculate the scour at the Cua Dai bridge, Quang Nam province

Van Thao Le — Sat, 29 Jul 2023 08:20:26 +0200

When the Cua Dai bridge is built across the Thu Bon River, it causes a narrowing of the flow leading to scour, which seriously threatens the pier and endangers the structure. In order to limit the influence of scour the bridge, it is necessary to ensure that the scour under the bridge is within the allowable range. At the same time, it is necessary to take measures to limit and overcome the causes of scour. Therefore, the study and prediction of locations that are likely to cause scour are of great significance in choosing effective and versatile prevention solutions for works on this river section. Most of the scour formulas for bridge use the 1D average velocity to calculate; The calculated results are much different from the real distribution of flow velocity in the river. Therefore, the results of scour calculation often have big deviations from reality, especially when the river cross-section has no flats or curved rivers... The article focuses on researching scour at the bridge pier based on the two-dimensional horizontal velocity in front of the pier by using RIVER 2D model, built from the mathematical model of two horizontal flows and solved by the finite element method. The results of the paper show that the scour depth of pier by the one-dimensional (1D) average velocity gives much larger than when applying the two-dimensional horizontal velocity to calculate the scour.

The Effect of Different Food Sources on Slime Mold Growth and Memory

Emma Davidoff — Sat, 29 Jul 2023 07:14:03 +0200

Physarum polycephalum is a species of slime mold that spends most of its life cycle as a plasmodium, a unicellular multinucleated amoeboid. This species of slime mold is well known for its spatial memory. Oats, quinoa, and barley have a lot of protein and nutrients; therefore, they were used to feed the slime mold. Other studies tested the memory or growth of slime mold. This experiment compared both slime mold growth and memory using oats, quinoa, and barley. It was hypothesized that barley would make the slime mold grow the quickest and largest due to its high protein concentration. Into 3 Petri dishes a culture of slime mold, and each food source was placed. The slime mold was then placed in a shoebox, with graph paper taped to the bottom, to make sure there was minimal lighting. After sections were cut out and placed into the remaining petri dishes with the same food sources it grew in and then placed into a Lego maze with the food sources to track the time of its memory. Barley and oats tied for overall growth after 48-hours, but barley-fed plasmodium grew much faster. It was hypothesized that the maze portion of the experiment, barley fed slime mold, would also complete the maze faster. The hypothesis was not supported. Oat grown slime mold completed the maze the fastest. The slime mold was placed into different mazes and allowed to grow for 48 hours. After 48 hours the hypothesis was concluded to be unsupported.

The Effect of Different Food Sources on Slime Mold Growth and Memory

Emma Davidoff — Sat, 29 Jul 2023 04:29:03 +0200

Physarum polycephalum is a species of slime mold that spends most of its life cycle as a plasmodium, a unicellular multinucleated amoeboid. This species of slime mold is well known for its spatial memory. Oats, quinoa, and barley have a lot of protein and nutrients; therefore, they were used to feed the slime mold. Other studies tested the memory or growth of slime mold. This experiment compared both slime mold growth and memory using oats, quinoa, and barley. It was hypothesized that barley would make the slime mold grow the quickest and largest due to its high protein concentration. Into 3 Petri dishes a culture of slime mold, and each food source was placed. The slime mold was then placed in a shoebox, with graph paper taped to the bottom, to make sure there was minimal lighting. After sections were cut out and placed into the remaining petri dishes with the same food sources it grew in and then placed into a Lego maze with the food sources to track the time of its memory. Barley and oats tied for overall growth after 48-hours, but barley-fed plasmodium grew much faster. It was hypothesized that the maze portion of the experiment, barley fed slime mold, would also complete the maze faster. The hypothesis was not supported. Oat grown slime mold completed the maze the fastest. The slime mold was placed into different mazes and allowed to grow for 48 hours. After 48 hours the hypothesis was concluded to be unsupported.

How were women portrayed in the lyrics of popular early 2000s songs?

Tasnuva Rawshan — Fri, 28 Jul 2023 15:56:02 +0200

This research aimed to analyze the portrayal of women in popular early 2000s music, focusing on misogynistic stereotypes. A selection of 10 popular songs from the years 2000 to 2009 was analyzed, and operational definitions were used to identify and quantify the presence of stereotypes in the lyrics. Graphs were generated to illustrate the most common stereotypes regarding women in this music.

The findings supported past trends and the hypothesis, revealing that women were often depicted in a demeaning, infantilizing manner. The prevalent use of terms like "baby" or "girl" portrayed them as immature, reinforcing gender stereotypes of women being weaker and in need of male guidance and protection. Such infantilization limited opportunities, undermined autonomy, and contributed to a culture of sexism and misogyny. Furthermore, popular early 2000s music frequently sexualized women, reducing them to physical objects and perpetuating harmful gender norms.

Comparing the research to prior studies on hip-hop and rap music, it was evident that popular early 2000s music also dehumanized and degraded women through stereotypes. However, unlike hip-hop and rap, this genre did not exhibit the same level of violence in its lyrics.

This research highlights the negative portrayal of women in popular early 2000s music and emphasizes the potential impact on societal attitudes, particularly on the millennial generation and Generation Alpha. Addressing these issues is essential for promoting gender equality and challenging harmful stereotypes in popular music and beyond. Further research could explore changes in stereotypes over time by analyzing music from later decades and different genres.

CNN-based multi-object tracking networks with position correction and IMM in intelligent transportation system

Chengjuan Ren — Thu, 27 Jul 2023 03:59:06 +0200

'''In multi-object tracking of Intelligent Transportation System, there are objects of different sizes in images or videos, especially pedestrian and traffic lights with low resolution in the image. Meantime, objects are subject to occlusion or loss in object tracking. All of the above-mentioned situations may lead to unsatisfactory multi-object tracking results. Attracted by the effect of deep convolution neural networks, the paper proposes a multi-object tracking network, CNN-Based Multi-Object Tracking Networks with Position Correction and IMM (CNN_PC_IMM) to solve those problems. Our proposed method consists of object detection module and object tracking module. Compared to other networks, our proposed network has several main contributions that play an essential role in achieving state-of-the-art object tracking performance. In the detection phase, the feature fusion technique is used. We add a scale branch to the YOLOv3 network to increase the accuracy of small object prediction and import a residual structure to enhance gradient propagation and avoid gradient disappearance and explosion for the whole network. In addition, we determine the size of the anchor box based on the size of the object in the dataset to better detect and track the objects. In the tracking phase, IMM is used to calculate the motion state information of the object at a certain moment. Next, the optimization algorithm is proposed to fine-tune object position when the tracking object is occluded due to dense multi-object in traffic scenes or lost due to incomplete object information. Finally, experimental results and analysis are performed on the MOT16 benchmark dataset with several popular tracking algorithms used to compare the performance with the proposed algorithm in the paper. It is demonstrated that the proposed network has better performance on MOPA, MOTP, ML.

Numerical simulation on free motion response of a submarine induced by internal solitary wave

Peng SUN — Tue, 25 Jul 2023 13:27:42 +0200

The internal solitary waves (ISWs) in the ocean carry huge energy and pose a serious threat to the safety of underwater vehicle. In order to obtain the dynamic response of the submarine under the action of ISWs, the amplified SUBOFF model was placed in a large numerical water tank with 5000×200×500 m dimension in which the water depth was 500 m. The Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) theory was adopted to simulate the generation of ISWs in the two-layer flow, and overset grid technology was used to ensure the grid quality during the submarine movement. The results show that before the ISWs peak reaches the position of the submarine, the submarine will move, which causes the submarine to sink, move laterally and pitch. The longitudinal velocity is obviously greater than the lateral velocity, and the submarine finally hits the water tank bottom. With the increase of the ISWs amplitude, the time needed for submarine to reach the bottom increases, and the pitching angle increases greatly. The ISWs amplitude has no effect on the motion trajectory of the submarine's center of gravity, and has little effect on the lateral and longitudinal velocity. With the decrease of submergence depth of the submarine, the time required for submarine to reach the bottom will also increase, and the motion trajectory will change, but the trend of change is basically the same. The submergence depth has little influence on the variation range of lateral velocity, longitudinal velocity and pitching angle. '''Key words:''' internal solitary waves, submarine, dynamic response, numerical simulation

A posteriori error estimation for second-order optimally convergent G/XFEM

Jesús Sánchez Pinedo — Tue, 25 Jul 2023 09:33:08 +0200

This work presents a ZZ-BD a posteriori error estimator tailored for 3-D linear elastic fracture mechanics problems that are approximated by second-order pFEM-GFEM formulations. The proposed error estimator is shown to estimate well discretization errors in the energy norm, with the estimated discretization error converging at the same rate as the exact discretization error. Also, the computed effectivity indexes are close to the optimal value of 1 for a LEFM problem that exhibits 3-D effects.

A new semi-analytical solution of compound KdV-Burgers equation of fractional order

Ahmed Hagag — Fri, 21 Jul 2023 11:26:26 +0200

This article introduces and illustrates a novel approximation to the compound KdV-Burgers equation. For such a challenge, the q-homotopy analysis transform technique (q-HATM) is a potent approach. The suggested procedure avoids the complexity seen in many other methods and provides an approximation that is extremely near to the exact solution. The uniqueness theorem and convergence analysis of the expected problem are explored with the aid of Banach's fixed-point theory. Through a difference in the fractional derivative, the normal frequency for the fractional solution to this issue changes. All of the discovered solutions are illustrated in the figures and tables.

Small Arms Market Revenue Share, Growth Factors, Trends, Analysis & Forecast, 2021–2028

Apeksha Patil — Fri, 21 Jul 2023 09:20:36 +0200

The Global Small Arms market drivers and restraints Market Research Report published by Emergen Research is furnished with the latest information about product specifications and portfolio, technological advancement, product type, and manufacturing. Major factors such as revenue, costs, and gross margin are taken into consideration while formulating this report. The report provides extensive data concerning the key market players along with their SWOT analysis, financial standing, technological and product development, and recent strategic business expansion plans.

Furthermore, the report is attuned with the latest market changes and economic landscape with regard to the currently unfolding COVID-19 pandemic. The crisis has affected the demand and supply pattern, as well as the trends of the industry. It has also brought an economic slowdown that has affected the business of the key manufacturers of the industry. The report estimates the impact of this crisis on the current scenario and future prospects and provides a post-COVID market scenario.

The global Small Arms market size is expected to reach USD 10.32 Billion at a steady CAGR of 2.3% in 2028, according to latest analysis by Emergen Research. Rise in terrorist activities and increase in cross-border security are some key factors driving market revenue growth. Increasing need for deployment of military personnel at military bases and sensitive locations and infrastructure and international borders and rising focus on modernization of weapons and ammunition are other key factors fueling growth of the global small arms market.

Get a sample of the report @ https://www.emergenresearch.com/request-sample/225

The study further assesses the regional market as well as the international market to garner an insight into the scope of the market. The report also offers estimations and predictions about the market segment and sub-segments exhibiting promising growth in the forecast timeline. The report also provides deeper insights into the technological advancements, industrial landscape, and emerging product and technological developments in the Small Arms market. It offers fruitful insights into the business sphere to help businesses capitalize on the lucrative growth opportunities.

Key Players Profiled in the Report are:

Smith & Wesson, Israel Weapons Industry, Kalashnikov Group, Colt’s Manufacturing LLC, Sturm, Ruger & Co., Inc., GLOCK Ges.m.b.H, Lockheed Martin Corporation, Raytheon, General Dynamics Corporation, and Carl Walther GmbH

The report, additionally, offers a comprehensive SWOT analysis and Porter’s Five Forces analysis to offer a better understanding of the competitive landscape of the industry. It also covers strategies adopted by prominent players such as mergers and acquisitions, collaborations, joint ventures, product launches, and brand promotions, among others. The report aims to offer the readers a holistic understanding of the relevant features of the industry.

To know more about the report visit @ https://www.emergenresearch.com/industry-report/small-arms-market

Analysis of the segments and their growth projection is carried out by extensive historical and current analysis of the market scenario. Further, the report offers details about the factors and features of the Small Arms market expected to boost the growth of the industry in the coming years.

Small Arms Market Segmentation:

Type Outlook (Revenue, USD Billion; 2018–2028)
- Revolver
- Pistol
- Shotgun
- Rifles
- Machine Gun
- Others

Caliber Outlook (Revenue, USD Billion; 2018–2028)
- 9 mm
- 56 mm
- 62 mm
- 7 mm
- 5 mm
- Others

Technology Outlook (Revenue, USD Billion; 2018–2028)
- Guided
- Unguided

Key Questions Answered in the Report:

What is the growth rate of the Small Arms market? What is the anticipated market valuation of Small Arms industry by 2027?

What are the key growth driving and restraining factors of the Small Arms market?

Who are the prominent players operating in the market? What are the key strategies adopted by these companies?

What are the key opportunities and growth prospects of the Small Arms industry over the forecast period?

Which region is expected to show significant growth in the coming years?

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Digital Twins as an enabling technology for disruptive improvement of computational methods in marine engineering.

Jesús Sánchez Pinedo — Mon, 17 Jul 2023 13:26:10 +0200

The physical models: an embarrassment to viscous naval hydrodynamics

Jesús Sánchez Pinedo — Mon, 17 Jul 2023 13:19:48 +0200

IA: Finding patterns in a stochastic marine world

Jesús Sánchez Pinedo — Mon, 17 Jul 2023 13:16:09 +0200

Numerical Modeling to Advance Offshore Wind Energy Technology

Jesús Sánchez Pinedo — Mon, 17 Jul 2023 13:13:24 +0200

Simulation study of impact dynamics during LNG transportation

Bo Liu — Mon, 17 Jul 2023 08:44:01 +0200

In this study, the Fluent software is utilized to simulate the lateral impact force on a tank during liquid sloshing when the tank is subjected to turns under varying steering accelerations and filling rates. It is observed that at a steering acceleration of 0.5g, the overall force vector pointing in the lateral direction of the tank body significantly increases the likelihood of tipping. A clear trend arises when steering acceleration is held constant; as filling rates range from 0.6 to 0.85, lateral impact forces due to tank liquid sloshing progressively increase with rising filling rates, whereas a decrease in force occurs between filling rates of 0.85-0.9. This analysis reveals that tanker truck safety is relatively high during turning maneuvers when the filling rate is between 0.85 and 0.9 and the steering acceleration is in the range of 0.1-0.4g.

The Ultimate Guide to Pairing Belgian Beer with Delicious Cuisine at a Belgian Beer Café

poonam sinha — Fri, 14 Jul 2023 09:09:03 +0200

If you are a beer lover visiting Dubai, you should try the Saturday brunch and bistro bar experiences at a Belgian beer café.

Modelling and simulation of multiscale particulate flows using physics-informed data-driven methods. Applications in naval and marine engineering

Jesús Sánchez Pinedo — Thu, 13 Jul 2023 11:53:38 +0200

Mooring systems for Marine Renewable Energy

Jesús Sánchez Pinedo — Thu, 13 Jul 2023 11:46:04 +0200

Analysis of the influence of uneven settlement on the existing shield tunnel lining

Hanyang Zhou — Thu, 13 Jul 2023 07:40:03 +0200

The transverse deformation of the tunnel under various loads is unavoidable with the long-term operation of the subway, and the problem of uneven settlement is gradually highlighted. A three-dimensional of tunnel lining model is established in ABAQUS to simulate the uneven settlement and transverse deformation on the safety performance, in which the deformation, internal force, and damage are further analyzed. Based on the simulation, safe settlement values for the shield tunnel with different level of existing transverse deformations (L) are suggested. Because the internal force and damage are not only related to the settlement value (∆) but also to the length of the tunnel where the settlement occurs, the ratio of the settlement value (∆) to the corresponding length (L) of the shield tunnel ∆/L which is called the uneven settlement coefficient is proposed as an index. The uneven settlement coefficient ∆/L is given for different transverse deformations to extend the applicability of the safe settlement values, which provides theoretical support for on-site monitoring and tunnel maintenance to some extent.

A numerical framework for modelling tire mechanics accounting for composite materials, large strains and frictional contact

Eugenio Oñate — Wed, 12 Jul 2023 14:53:53 +0200

We present a general framework for the analysis and modelling of frictional contact involving composite materials. The study has focused on composite materials formed by a matrix of rubber and synthetic or metallic fibres, which is the case of standard tires. We detail the numerical treatment of incompressibility at large deformations that rubber can experience, as well as the stiffening effect that properly oriented fibres will induce within the rubber. To solve the frictional contact between solids, a Dual Augmented Lagrangian Multiplier Method is used together with the Mortar method. This ensures a variationally consistent estimation of the contact forces. A modified Serial-Parallel Rule of Mixtures is employed to model the behaviour of composite materials. This is a simple and novel methodology that allows the blending of constitutive behaviours as diverse as rubber (very low stiffness and incompressible behaviour) and steel (high stiffness and compressible behaviour) taking into account the orientation of the fibres within the material. The locking due to the incompressibility constraint in the rubber material has been overcome by using Total Lagrangian mixed displacement-pressure elements. A collection of numerical examples is provided to show the accuracy and consistency of the methodology presented when solving frictional contact, incompressibility and composite materials under finite strains.

Dataset of the temperature rise during granular flows in a rotating drum

Eugenio Oñate — Wed, 12 Jul 2023 14:44:01 +0200

This paper provides experimental data on the temperature rise during granular flows in a small-scale rotating drum due to heat generation. All heat is believed to be generated by conversion of some mechanical energy, through mechanisms such as friction and collisions between particles and between particles and walls. Particles of different material types were used, while multiple rotation speeds were considered, and the drum was filled with different amounts of particles. The temperature of the granular materials inside the rotating drum was monitored using a thermal camera. The temperature increases at specific times of each experiment are presented in form of tables, along with the average and standard deviation of the repetitions of each setup configuration. The data can be used as a reference to set the operating conditions of rotating drums, in addition to calibrating numerical models and validating computer simulations.

Experimental investigation of heat generation during granular flow in a rotating drum using infrared thermography

Eugenio Oñate — Wed, 12 Jul 2023 14:35:34 +0200

Granular flow is common in many industrial applications, and involves heat generation from frictional contacts and inelastic collisions between particles. The self-heating process is still poorly understood despite being intrinsic to many processes. This work, for the first time, explores this problem experimentally by quantifying the temperature rise of granular flows in a rotating drum with a robust methodology based on infrared thermography. Particles of four different materials (lead, steel, plastic and glass) are used in the experiments, at various rotation speeds and drum fill ratios. To assess the mechanical behaviour, the flow regime of every experiment was determined. It was inferred that particles with higher density tend to generate more heat. It was also revealed that increasing the rotation speed favours the temperature rise. At the same time, the fill ratio had the least influence on the thermal response of the particulate systems considered.

Enhanced semi-explicit particle finite element method via a modified Strang splitting operator for incompressible flows

Eugenio Oñate — Wed, 12 Jul 2023 14:17:48 +0200

This work presents an enhanced version of the semi-explicit particle finite element method for incompressible flow problems. This goal is achieved by improving the methodology that results from applying the Strang splitting operator by adding an acceleration term. The advective step is evaluated on the mesh considering the new term leading to a more efficient algorithm. Two test cases are solved for validating the methodology and estimating its accuracy. The numerical results demonstrate that the proposed scheme improves the accuracy and the computational efficiency of the semi-explicit PFEM scheme.

A prototype of a micro-scale model for the distribution of NO2 in urban areas

Eugenio Oñate — Wed, 12 Jul 2023 14:04:17 +0200

We present a new 2.5D model for predicting the concentration of nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) at street level in an urban area. This work develops the first prototype of a tool that should provide fast quantitative answers to help decision-making on the suitability of implementing traffic restrictions during air pollution episodes. The model first solves the wind flow over the city streets ignoring vorticity and turbulence. The obtained velocity field is used to transport the pollutant via a semi-Lagrangian model, combining the particle finite element method of second generation (PFEM2) with the finite element method. A variable absorption term is used to account for the part of the contaminant entering and leaving the calculation plane. The NO₂ emissions are estimated from the historical traffic data. The model has been tested during four air pollution episodes in the city of Barcelona (Spain), two in summer and two in winter. A comparison against experimental measurements has been performed at seven different locations throughout the city with promising results.

Assessment of simplified momentum equations for free surface flows through rigid porous media

Eugenio Oñate — Wed, 12 Jul 2023 13:40:53 +0200

In many applications, free surface flow through rigid porous media has to be modeled. Examples refer to coastal engineering applications as well as geotechnical or biomedical applications. Albeit the frequent applications, slight inconsistencies in the formulation of the governing equations can be found in the literature. The main goal of this paper is to identify these differences and provide a quantitative assessment of different approaches. Following a review of the different formulations, simulation results obtained from three alternative formulations are compared with experimental and numerical data. Results obtained by 2D and 3D test cases indicate that the predictive differences returned by the different formulations remain small for most applications, in particular for small porous Reynolds number Re_P < 5000. Thus it seems justified to select a simplified formulation that supports an efficient algorithm and coding structure in a computational fluid dynamics environment. An estimated accuracy depending on the porous Reynolds number or the mean grain diameter is given for the simplified formulation.

Development and coupling of numerical techniques for modeling micromechanical discrete and continuous media using real particle morphologies

Eugenio Oñate — Wed, 12 Jul 2023 13:13:04 +0200

The main objective of this research is to formulate and couple technologies for modeling discrete and continuous media using real particle morphologies. To that end, two coupled formulations based on virtual modeling technologies of single real particles with another one called real particle packing technique are presented. The first formulation employs Fourier descriptors’ theory to virtually achieve the morphology and construct a repository of real particle geometries. The second formulation is a particle packing method, supported by advancing front techniques combined with dynamic methods. This method presents a stochastic formulation and allows the packing of particle systems following continuous, discrete and empirical statistical distributions. The coupling of both techniques is a very efficient tool to achieve discrete or continuous media geometries to solve engineering problems. Three different examples are developed to illustrate the usefulness of the formulations. The first one is a discrete angle-of-repose problem involving clusters of spheres (real particle morphologies are described with groups of spheres); in the second example the same angle-of-repose problem is resolved with real particles. In the third case, which involves continuous medium mechanics, a small-scale road engineering problem is modeled, specifically, the testing of an asphalt concrete.

High-Order Mesh Generation and Warping for Biomedical Simulations

Jesús Sánchez Pinedo — Wed, 12 Jul 2023 13:07:37 +0200

There are numerous challenges in generating high-quality meshes of cardiac anatomies due to the complex geometry of the heart, its curvature, and its motion. More generally, computational modeling of anatomical models bounded by curved surfaces can benefit from the use of high-order curved meshes. Using such meshes ensures that the curvature is captured correctly in the corresponding mesh. In addition, for a fixed level of accuracy, pairing a high-order mesh with a high-order PDE solver requires fewer mesh elements hence making the mesh generation and PDE solve much less computationally expensive. The use of high-order meshes in dynamic simulations helps prevent instabilities.

In this talk, we first present our advancing front-based high-order tetrahedral mesh generation method for finite element meshes. While most existing high-order mesh generation methods employ a computer-aided design (CAD) model to represent the boundary surface, our method requires only the element vertices and connectivities. Thus, it can employ a high-order surface mesh which was generated from medical image segmentation masks or a CAD model. Our method then directly generates a high-order volume mesh and applies mesh optimization to utilize the higher degrees of freedom and further improve the mesh quality.

Second, we present our high-order mesh warping algorithm for tetrahedral meshes, which allows us to perform time-dependent deformations present in biomedical applications. Our method is based on a finite element formulation for hyperelastic materials. We employ the two-parameter incompressible Mooney-Rivlin model with appropriate material properties to represent the continuum model. We use Newton iteration to solve the nonlinear elasticity equations obtained from the Mooney-Rivlin model and equilibrium conditions; the solution to the nonlinear elasticity equations then yields the deformed mesh.

Finally, we use our methods to generate several second-order tetrahedral meshes of anatomical models obtained from medical images and CAD models and apply several time-dependent deformations. We conclude with a vision for research in mesh generation for biomedical simulation.

This talk represents joint work with Fariba Mohammadi, University of Michigan, and Cristian Linte, Rochester Institute of Technology

Adaptive multilevel Monte Carlo for risk averse optimization

Jesús Sánchez Pinedo — Wed, 12 Jul 2023 12:55:37 +0200

Thermomechanical behaviour of silty sandy clays: An experimental and numerical investigation

Saeed Tourchi — Wed, 12 Jul 2023 12:44:03 +0200

This paper is devoted to the experimental and numerical investigation of the effect of temperature on the volumetric behaviour of silty sandy clay. A temperature-controlled oedometer is developed to study thermally induced volume change. In this system, an electrical ring heater is placed around the conventional oedometer cell, which accommodates the sample. A very low temperature increase rate was achieved by the thermal controller unit to ensure reasonable saturation durations. The interpretation of the test is assisted by the performance of a numerical analysis based on a coupled formulation incorporating the relevant THM phenomena. Heating and cooling at constant isotropic stress show that the thermal volumetric behaviour of clay samples depends on various factors, such as recent stress history prior to the heating and cooling test. The performance and analysis of the thermal consolidation tests have significantly enhanced the understanding of the thermal volumetric behaviour of tested clay and have proved the capability of the numerical formulation to provide adequate modelling capacity.

Modelling and Simulating Cities with Digital Twins

Jesús Sánchez Pinedo — Wed, 12 Jul 2023 12:18:54 +0200

Contact stresses and bending stresses analysis of curvilinear cylindrical gears generated by a face-milling cutter with parabolic profile

Zhang Xuegang — Tue, 11 Jul 2023 10:10:12 +0200

Curvilinear cylindrical gear drives are a type of parallel-axis gear set, and the longitudinal geometrical shape of the gear teeth is a part of the circular arc. This study aims to develop a curvilinear cylindrical gear drive with superior transmission performance. This study proposes a curvilinear cylindrical gear drive with a parabolic profile. The gear tooth surfaces are generated by a face-milling cutter with a straight-line profile, and the matching gear tooth surfaces are generated by a face-milling cutter with the parabolic profile. Initially, mathematical models of the gear set are described based on the theory of gearing. The finite element method and tooth contact analysis algorithms were applied to contact and bending stress analyses. Finally, four numerical examples are provided to illustrate the transmission performance of the curvilinear cylindrical gear drive with the parabolic profile. The study results show that curvilinear cylindrical gear drives have superior transmission performance compared to those with a straight-line profile.

Seakeeping analysis of dead ship condition in fishing ships based on Artificial Neural Networks

José Enrique Gutiérrez Romero — Wed, 05 Jul 2023 09:20:05 +0200

In the operation of ships, assessing seakeeping performance is crucial. Historically, this has been done through experimentation in towing tank basins or numerical computations. However, with the rise of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and increased computational resources, there are many opportunities to use AI in predicting seakeeping performance. This research will utilize a pre-trained Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to evaluate the behaviour of fishing vessels in various operational scenarios. One of the key advantages of using these algorithms is the ability to predict a large number of scenarios quickly, compared to traditional methods. By analysing millions of variations in the principal dimensions of a fishing ship and different sea states, the study aims to identify the optimal seakeeping performance in challenging conditions, ultimately improving ship safety by examining principal form coefficients and dimensions. The research will also determine significant conclusions.

Serbian Natural Gas Sector in a Gap Between East and West: ChatGPT Decision Support

Dejan Brkić — Tue, 04 Jul 2023 20:56:03 +0200

This article should examine ideas of how a chatbot can support decision making processes by collecting general opinion about the certain topics. The ChatGPT is tested in this article in respect of natural gas security of supply of the Republic of Serbia in the context of the current political situation in the world. The author first describes its own stance on the topic and then the ChatGPT is asked for its opinion (which most probably collects and compiles phrases from English speaking sources to build a text in a smart way). The topic is ort only about security of gas supply of Serbia but also political and highly sensitive, so it is examined if the ChatGPT can be useful tool to reach a balance between less on more favorable options in the process of policy making.

REDISTRIBUTION OF TAX REVENUES BETWEEN THE LEVELS OF THE BUDGET SYSTEM IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Евгений Семенов — Tue, 04 Jul 2023 17:42:02 +0200

The subject of the study is the distribution of tax revenues between the levels of the budget system in the Russian Federation. The relevance of the study is caused by the need to strengthen the vertical balance of the budget system through tax decentralization in the context of the restructuring of the Russian economy. The aim of the study is to find parameters of tax decentralization that do not worsen the horizontal balance of regional budgets. The research method is the modeling of tax revenues of the consolidated regional budgets. The study used data from the Federal Treasury, the Federal Tax Service and the Ministry of Finance of Russia for 2019–2021. The scientific novelty of the study consists in modeling the effects of tax decentralization on the level of differentiation of regional tax revenues using the latest available data. As a result of the study, it was shown that an increase in regional shares for personal income tax, some components of the MET, water tax and fees for the use of aquatic biological objects up to 100 % will not lead to an increase in inter-regional differentiation of per capita tax revenues. The conclusion of the study is that there is a potential for tax decentralization in Russia, which can be realized by redistributing tax revenues to the regional level without worsening the horizontal budget balance. The prospects of the study are to take into account the effects of the structural transformation of the economy on the territorial distribution of tax bases and the level of taxation, as well as to detail the calculations of the MET as new data are accumulated.

«COGNITIVE MECHANISMS OF MENTAL MODELS FUNCTIONING WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF NAIVE THEORIES»

Евгений Семенов — Tue, 04 Jul 2023 17:35:03 +0200

Subject Academic dishonesty (fraud) Goal To develop a plan to modify and adapt a version of a questionnaire to measure the propensity for planned academic dishonesty in students based on planned behavior theory. Relevance Statistics on the scale of dishonesty and fraud in higher education are of concern to many countries, including Russia. Academic fraud leads to a number of negative consequences not only in the form of reduced efficiency and quality of education, but also the implementation of dishonest behavior in the workplace after graduation. Scientific novelty The paper will present a plan for adapting the first Russian-language methodology that measures the components of Planned Behavior Theory that predict the propensity for planned academic fraud. Methods Literature analysis. Results Based on the literature analysis, the problem, goal, objectives were defined, reasonable hypotheses were put forward, and practical relevance was spelled out. Conclusions An empirical research design for adapting a questionnaire to measure the propensity to engage in planned academic cheating was prepared. Recommendations The adapted Russian-language methodology for determining the propensity for academic dishonesty can be used as a working tool to identify attitudes, intentions, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and moral obligations of Russian students with regard to academic dishonesty, on the basis of which subsequent changes in the educational process, such as introduction of student ethical codes and building a system to deal with plagiarism can be implemented.

«PRODUCTIVE AND ERRONEOUS STRATEGIES OF THEORETICAL WORK IN MODERN PSYCHOLOGY»

Евгений Семенов — Tue, 04 Jul 2023 17:29:02 +0200

Subject Psychological theories in cognitive science. Goal To identify theoretical and metatheoretical approaches to describing the field of cognitive psychology. Relevance During the 65 years of its existence, cognitive psychology has passed the path of development from a newly emerging interdisciplinary area of research to an independent discipline that incorporates various theoretical and methodological traditions. Experimentation as the main method of research, the diversity of research groups working on similar problems, and the use of mathematical modeling and behavioral dependent variables have resulted in the highest level of reproducibility of results obtained in cognitive psychology. Given the success, rapid development, and broad applied and public interest in the field of cognitive psychology, attempts to make sense of the metatheoretical aspects of cognitive research and especially changes in the way theories are constructed and empirically tested are of particular interest for further research both in cognitive psychology and in other psychological fields. Such metatheoretical work is needed: to identify the types of existing cognitive theories that are used in research; to clarify criteria for analyzing current empirical research, as well as for their interpretation; to indicate the changes that have occurred in theoretical work in the field over the past 30-40 years as a separate task. Scientific novelty The paper will review and analyze the main theoretical and metatheoretical approaches to describing the field of cognitive psychology. There are no works that comprehensively analyze the state of psychological theories in cognitive science. Methods Literature analysis. Results Over the past 40 years, research and theories have focused on narrow areas of cognitive science. Theories describing the solution to one problem are limited: they do not accumulate knowledge for the entire field, they do not address higher level processes. Conclusions In cognitive psychology, there is a high degree of fragmentation in theories. One possible solution to the theoretical contradictions is the way of modeling cognitive processes. Another solution is the development of a Unified Theory of Cognition (UTC). Recommendations This study is intended to answer several important theoretical and methodological questions related to the construction and change of theories in cognitive psychology. One of the key problems in the construction and development of cognitive theories is the lack of a clear description of how such theories have changed, what properties they have gained and what properties they have lost. Also, there is a lack of a classification of cognitive psychology theories, the creation of which is one of the results of our research series.

MANDATORY PENSION SAVINGS IN RUSSIA: EXPERIENCE AND PROSPECTS

Евгений Семенов — Tue, 04 Jul 2023 10:58:02 +0200

The purpose of this study is to analyze the experience of creating a system of mandatory pension savings and assess the effectiveness of the activities of non-state pension funds. The research is focused on the management of pension savings portfolios in Russia. As a research method we use portfolio optimization, analysis of long time series on the return of various investment strategies, regression analysis for decomposition of non-state pension fund returns, stochastic modeling of return and risk with given asset allocation and benchmarks, modelling replacement ratio of a pension savings system’s participant. The modern demographic trends, the development of the labour market in the context of the progress of industrial technologies and other processes create the prerequisites for changes in pension systems. At the same time, the increasing volatility of financial markets and the trend of low yields give rise to discussions about the role of the pension savings system, its ability to increase the sustainability of pension system. The ability of existing pension portfolio management strategies to generate the necessary returns for pension savings is challenged. However, the number of studies and reports devoted to the problems of pension fund performance is relatively small. All this predetermines the relevance of studying the aspects of the pension savings system effectiveness, the effectiveness of portfolio management strategies in modern financial markets, and the implementation of regulation practices. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that the authors tried to comprehend the experience of the system of mandatory pension savings, conditions and prerequisites of its implementation, achievements and difficulties, to analyze the effectiveness of the activities of non-state pension funds on pension savings investment. The main result of the study is the development of methodological approaches necessary to assess the success of pension savings reforms in Russia. According to our estimates, the decision to introduce a pension savings pillar had been justified and, under certain circumstances, could have improved the well-being of future pensioners. We conclude that the successful implementation of the mandatory pension savings was violated by the frequent change of the regulation on the long-term horizon, unbalanced development of state and savings pension pillars, and low investment efficiency. In the future, the development of our study should contribute to the development of an institution of long-term and trusted internal savings.

ANALYSIS OF THE PROCESSES OF ADAPTATION OF THE NORTHERN CAUCASIAN MIGRANTS IN THE MEGAPOLIS (EVIDENCE FROM ST. PETERSBURG)

Евгений Семенов — Tue, 04 Jul 2023 10:49:02 +0200

Relevance: Migration processes largely determine the face of the modern world. Their results lead to serious problems of intercultural communication, and successful approaches of solving them have not yet been developed. Different attempts both to pursue a policy of assimilation and to introduce the principles of multiculturalism often do not have a positive effect.

Subject of research: Adaptation strategies of Northern Caucasian migrants in St. Petersburg.

The purpose of this work is to analyze the processes of adaptation of Northern Caucasian migrants to the social and cultural environment of the metropolis, as well as to identify factors affecting its success.

The scientific novelty of the preprint will consist in the description of foreign cultural internal migration in Russia from the point of view of various migration theories.

Research methods: Review of migration theories available in literature, field research in St. Petersburg.

Main results: A field study conducted showed that the theories under consideration have different explanatory potential for analyzing the processes of adaptation of Northern Caucasians in the metropolis. Thus, the concept of acculturation strategies, although it turned out to be a rather crude analysis tool, allowed us to characterize the differences between the adaptation of Northern Caucasian migrants of the first and second generation. The theory of transmigration has also revealed its productivity, in particular for describing the existing links between migrant communities of the metropolis and the regions of departure, as well as for determining the design of ethnic networks. At the same time, the theory of segmental assimilation in its classical form turned out to be inapplicable – both because of the lack of local protest countercultures that could be perceived by migrants, and because of the absence of a pronounced problem of the "second generation". At the same time, the field study demonstrated that migrants could adapt to the metropolis through specific cultural environments that are not countercultural – for example, sports or Islamic communities. These mechanisms of embedding in the city carry both certain benefits and inherent risks.

Conclusions: Natives of the North Caucasus moving to St. Petersburg can use various adaptation strategies in the city - both in the urban mainstream and in specific cultural environments (but not in countercultures). At the same time, in some cases, there are also processes of separation of migrants from the urban community.

MODERN APPROACHES TO ASSESSING THE LEVEL OF ECONOMIC UNCERTAINTY: INTERNATIONAL PRACTICE AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR RUSSIA

Евгений Семенов — Tue, 04 Jul 2023 10:40:03 +0200

In this study we construct economic policy uncertainty indices for Russia using online news articles and VK posts. A comparative analysis of quantitative measures of economic uncertainty shows that the news index captures periods of economic uncertainty better than the Baker-Bloom-Davis index. On the contrary, the Baker-Bloom-Davis index for Russia is extremely sensitive to political instability and the period of the coronavirus.

The goal of this study is to assess economic policy uncertainty in Russia. The study solves the following tasks: review of theoretical and empirical works on the analysis of the impact of uncertainty on the behavior of economic agents; analysis of approaches to quantitative assessment of economic policy uncertainty; collecting and preparing data; assessment of economic policy uncertainty index based on Russian data; econometric analysis of the impact of economic policy uncertainty on economic activity. The subject of the study is a quantitative assessment of the economic policy uncertainty index based on Russian data. The novelty of the scientific research is the analysis of the level of economic uncertainty in Russia using text analysis of online news articles and VK posts. Methods: text analysis, statistical and econometric methods of time series analysis. The study is carried out on Russian data during 1999-2022. The paper shows that news articles from online media can be used to assess economic policy uncertainty indices. The authors calculate three types of economic uncertainty index: news-based economic policy uncertainty index, economic policy uncertainty index based on VK posts and measures of financial uncertainty. The results of the econometric analysis indicate that an increase in economic policy uncertainty is associated with a decrease in real GDP, real consumption and real investment. The main conclusion of the study is that the news-based economic policy uncertainty index is useful for analyzing periods of economic instability in Russia

Factor models of cryptocurrency return within homogeneous groups

Евгений Семенов — Tue, 04 Jul 2023 10:32:03 +0200

There is still no common understanding of whether cryptocurrencies should be classified as financial assets or as currencies. The ambiguity and versatility of the definition of the nature and functions of cryptocurrencies give rise to a variety of views on the methods of modeling their returns. Therefore, the issue of essence of cryptocurrencies is topical. The main subject of the study is the return of cryptocurrencies. The main aim of this work is to identify the determinants of return of homogeneous groups of cryptocurrencies. To achieve this goal, such tasks as the formation of various groups of cryptocurrencies, modeling of factors that take into account the peculiarities of the cryptocurrency market, and the evaluation of multifactor models of the Fama-French type for the analysis of cryptocurrency returns have been performed. Based on the collected daily data on capitalization, trading volumes and the price of cryptocurrencies for the period from 01.04.2014 to 29.05.2022, standard factors for cryptocurrencies based on market capitalization, trading volumes and the first momentum, as well as factors reflecting the return of the cryptocurrency market as a whole and the return of the stock market (S&P500) were constructed. The main method of estimating regressions is econometric modeling using the least squares method. The results of an empirical study indicate a positive relationship between the return of homogeneous groups of cryptocurrencies and the difference in the yields of the upper and lower 30% of cryptocurrencies in terms of market capitalization. Weighted return of the cryptocurrency market based on market capitalization (analogous to the S&P500) has a positive impact on the return of homogeneous groups of cryptocurrencies. The main conclusion of the study is that the transition to empirical analysis based on homogeneous groups of cryptocurrencies allowed us to obtain stable results indicating the absence of a relationship between the return of financial assets and the return of cryptocurrencies that are in a single homogeneous group. The scientific novelty of the work consists in presenting an assessment of the impact of modeled factors on various groups (portfolios) of cryptocurrencies in certain periods of time. This study recommends conducting a search for the determinants of cryptocurrency returns and subsequent analysis of their impact.

MODELS AND MECHANISMS OF BUDGET FINANCING OF EDUCATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION

Евгений Семенов — Tue, 04 Jul 2023 10:23:03 +0200

The paper discusses the main models and mechanisms that provide budget financing for higher education institutions. It analyzes the sources from which universities receive income, tools and procedures for budget financing, approaches and principles for building models on the basis of which the allocation of budget appropriations by a higher education institution is carried out

The influence of migration processes on the transformation of the urban environment: a spatial aspect

Евгений Семенов — Tue, 04 Jul 2023 10:10:03 +0200

In recent years, the focus of urban studies has been gradually shifting from the issue of “ethnic enclaves” to the infrastructure created by migrants. The problem of territorially closed migrant communities in big cities does not lose its relevance, however, the settlement factor ceases to be a universal explanatory model for analyzing the dynamics of social integration. The attention of researchers is increasingly attracted by market, medical, information and entertainment infrastructures, through which members of migrant communities are involved in building new social ties without rigid reduction to their place of residence. In Russia, just as in Europe, migrants accumulate various resources through labor and neighborhood relations, as well as through participation in public organizations. However, how these relations are localized in the Russian cities and what institutions mediate them remains poorly understood. This work sheds light on the specifics of the post-Soviet context through comparison with the situation in Western European megacities.

SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING IN ADOLESCENTS’ ASSESSMENTS

Евгений Семенов — Tue, 04 Jul 2023 09:56:02 +0200

The paper is based on the results of the research work «Methodology for conducting an administrative survey on issues of child well-being», accomplished by the team of the Field Research Center of the Institute for Social Analysis and Forecasting (RANEPA) in 2021-2022. One of the most important criteria for the country's social development is the welfare of children. In order to make the concept of «child well-being» more definite, it is necessary to reach agreement between the experts’ community, the state and its society in determining the quality of life, and to develop social research tools that allow measuring the social well-being of children. The purpose of the study is to develop and test a survey toolkit to measure the social well-being of children. The objectives of the study are to form a questionnaire that allows a complex survey of children and parents and to conduct an administrative survey in the selected regions and in Russia as a whole, as well as in the context of various social groups of children living in two-parent, single-parent, foster families and childcare institutions. Methods used include online survey, administrative survey. The object of the research is families with children. The subject of the study is the mechanism for measuring a happy childhood based on six domains: education, health, financial situation, safety, social relations, and self-fulfillment. The results of this research work can be used in (1) formulating recommendations for improving the state policy in the field of child protection and education; (2) developing recommendations for the ongoing national program of systemic support and improving the quality of life of families with children, and 3) developing recommendations to the executive authorities, taking into account the needs of children, to determine the main directions and activities of family policy

Working Pensioners in the Russian Labor Market

Евгений Семенов — Tue, 04 Jul 2023 09:34:02 +0200

The problem of working pensioners in Russia is becoming more and more relevant in the context of the increase of the retirement age. The situation of this population group differs significantly from other groups on the labor market, as shown by numerous studies. This work focuses on the analysis of changes in this situation by 2022, four years after the start of the pension reform. It shows, on the one hand, an increase in employment in the age groups affected by the reform, and an increase in the length of working careers. A negative consequence of raising the retirement age was an increase in unemployment in older age groups and an increase in age-related wage differentials. On the other hand, the situation of working pensioners remains virtually unchanged compared to earlier studies. The highest proportion of the elderly are in budget-funded sectors, among those with a high level of education, and among specialists with medium and high qualifications. In light of this study, the problem of pension provision for working pensioners in Russia seems unresolved. The possibility of combining pensions and labor income leads to dramatic changes in the financial situation of senior citizens after they reach retirement age and for a short period of such a combination. At the same time, the reform currently underway to raise the retirement age should reduce the gap between retirement age and the age of exit from the labor market.

BRICS Sustainable Development Index

Евгений Семенов — Tue, 04 Jul 2023 09:20:03 +0200

The relevance of the study stems from the fact that the global economic crisis of 2020, caused by the spread of coronavirus infection, had a negative impact on the prospects of implementing the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, adopted by the UN General Assembly in 2015 and the relevant Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). For the Russian Federation, measures to overcome the consequences of the crisis need to strike a balance between short-term economic objectives and long-term social and environmental goals outlined both in the SDGs and in the Decree "On the National Development Goals of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030". The R&D is aimed at studying the experience of the BRICS countries in ensuring sustainable economic recovery and growth in the post-crisis period. Based on the data obtained, the BRICS Index of SDG Implementation will be developed, which will provide data on the progress and contribution of the BRICS countries to the implementation of the SDGs. Further annual updates of the Index will provide an objective assessment of the progress and contribution of the BRICS countries to the achievement of the SDGs. This study was conducted within the framework of the study "Building the BRICS SDG Index based on the analysis of national sustainable development policies. The object of the study is the sustainable development policies of the BRICS countries. The purpose of the study was to develop and test a mechanism for the assessment and comparative analysis of the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals in the BRICS countries.

In preparing the paper, we used the methods of content analysis, comparative analysis of key international indices, statistical analysis and expert assessment.

The paper presents the results of the analysis of the BRICS countries' (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa) progress on 64 indicators of sustainable development for 2015 and 2020. The research resulted in the creation of the BRICS Sustainable Development Index, reflecting the progress in implementation and the level of priority of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (Agenda 2030) in the five countries.

Conclusions. The following results were recorded based on the results of the Index formation: China made the most significant progress in all key SDG areas in 2015-2020, scoring highest on SDG 6, Clean Water and Sanitation, SDG 10, Reducing Inequality, and SDG 14, Preserving Marine Ecosystems. India, in second place, has progressed faster than other countries on SDG 1, Eradicate Poverty; SDG 4, Quality Education; and SDG 13, Combating Climate Change. Russia, ranked third, led in SDG 8, "Decent Work and Economic Growth," and SDG 9, "Industrialization, Innovation and Infrastructure. Brazil scored the highest in SDG 2 Ending Hunger and SDG 5 Gender Equality. Finally, South Africa made the most progress on SDG 15, "Preserve Terrestrial Ecosystems.

Prospects for the study, directions for further work. In continuing the work in the future, it seems advisable to consider the possibility of taking the average values of sustainability indicators for three-year time periods as baseline data for the formation of the Index. The continuation of the study in the coming years will also ensure the accumulation of data over a longer period of time, which will allow for a multi-year analysis of the progress of the BRICS countries in their transition to more sustainable growth patterns.

Sensitivity improvement to eddy current displacement sensor in full maglev LVAD

Wenfei Tao — Sat, 01 Jul 2023 08:28:40 +0200

Eddy current displacement sensors in full-maglev left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) suffer from low sensitivity resulting from the use of a stator titanium alloy frame. The aim of this study was to develop a methodology to improve the sensitivity of eddy current displacement sensors and formulate a mathematical model of coil impendence to illustrate the impact of the addition of a titanium alloy frame between the sensor coils and the measured conductor. An equivalent mutual inductance model in the circuit was established for LVADs with and without a titanium alloy frame stator wall. Comparing the differences in excitation frequency and measured metal conductivity considering the relation of inductance with displacement enabled the development of methods to improve the sensitivity of the sensor when a titanium frame is added to the stator. An experiment was conducted to collect and analyze data to ascertain the relation between impedance and rotor displacement considering different excitation frequencies, stators with and without a titanium alloy frame, and the copper ring. Relatively high sensitivity was acquired when titanium frames of 0.25-mm thickness were applied to both the stator and rotor with an additional copper ring attached to the rotor frame at an excitation frequency of 475 kHz.

An enhanced semi-explicit particle finite element method for incompressible flows

Eugenio Oñate — Fri, 30 Jun 2023 14:15:22 +0200

In this paper an enhanced version of the semi-explicit Particle Finite Element Method for incompressible flow problems is presented. This goal is achieved by improving the solution of the advective sub-problem that results of applying the Strang operator splitting to the Navier–Stokes equations. An acceleration term is taken into account in the solution of the advective step and the Stokes problem. The solution of the advetive step is perfomed using a SPH kernel. Two test cases are solved for validating the methodology and estimating its accuracy. The numerical results demonstrate that the proposed scheme improves the accuracy of the semi-explicit PFEM scheme.

A multiscale approach for the study of particle-laden flows using a continuous model

Eugenio Oñate — Fri, 30 Jun 2023 14:08:08 +0200

The methodology previously proposed by the authors to solve particle-laden turbulent flows through a multiscale approach is extended by introducing a continuous function for the dispersed phase concentration. The proposed continuous model is especially useful for studying the motion of particle streams in which gravitational and inertial effects cause the particles to deviate from a simple trajectory following the surrounding flow, as would be the case for the limit of very small, massless particles. The results show an excellent comparison between the solutions obtained using the continuous model and simulations evaluating the forces on each particle individually. Distinct advantages of the continuous approach are a much lower computational overhead, a better load balance and ease of parallelization. The multiscale methodology proposed may be used in the area of modeling and simulation of airborne infectious diseases.

A deterministic pathogen transmission model based on high-fidelity physics

Eugenio Oñate — Fri, 30 Jun 2023 13:28:08 +0200

A deterministic pathogen transmission model based on high-fidelity physics has been developed. The model combines computational fluid dynamics and computational crowd dynamics in order to be able to provide accurate tracing of viral matter that is exhaled, transmitted and inhaled via aerosols. The examples shown indicate that even with modest computing resources, the propagation and transmission of viral matter can be simulated for relatively large areas with thousands of square meters, hundreds of pedestrians and several minutes of physical time. The results obtained and insights gained from these simulations can be used to inform global pandemic propagation models, increasing substantially their accuracy.

A free software for dam monitoring data analysis: exploration, curation and machine learning model fitting

Fernando Salazar — Mon, 26 Jun 2023 11:35:03 +0200

TDCMDA: Tripartite graph-based integrating dual-layer contrast learning into graph convolutional network for miRNA-disease association identification

Ping Zhang — Sun, 25 Jun 2023 11:19:04 +0200

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play essential roles in various biological regulatory processes and are closely related to the occurrence and development of complex diseases. Identifying miRNA-disease associations (MDA) is of great value for revealing the molecular mechanisms of diseases and exploring therapeutic strategies and drug development. Recently, most computer-aided MDAs identification approaches design their models tend to base on a bipartite graph (i.e., miRNA-disease network), ignoring the endogenous RNAs(ceRNAs) hypothesis in post-transcriptional control such as gene negative regulation by targeting mRNAs. Besides, the existing MDA bipartite graph could not make convincing predictions for MDA, only relying on collaborative filtering followed by the recommended system. To address the above issues, we propose a TDCMDA (Tripartite graph-based integrating Dual-layer Contrast learning into graph neural network for MDA prediction), which aims to integrate dual-layer contrast learning into graph neural network under the miRNA-disease-gene tripartite graph. Different from the existing approaches, TDCMDA introduces not only rich biologic regulatory relationships hidden in ceRNAs by a tripartite graph but also employs self-supervised dual-layer contrast learning to alleviate sparse label disadvantage. TDCMDA can learn node feature representation across three subgraph spaces such that the link representation between miRNA and disease can be obtained more biology semantically. Comprehensive experiments indicate TDCMDA is superior to several state-of-the-art approaches, and the case studies show that TDCMDA can convincingly detect novel MDA pairs and can be a promising tool for MDA identification.

Analytical solution to fractional differential equation arising in thermodynamics

Ahmed Hagag — Thu, 22 Jun 2023 13:58:03 +0200

The analysis of nonlinear events related to physical phenomena is a popular issue in the modern-day. The essential purpose of this work is to discover a novel approximate solution to the fractional nonlinear Benjamin Bona Mahony Peregrine Burgers equation (BBMPB) utilizing the natural decomposition method (NDM) of fractional order. The suggested approach provides analytical solutions that are extremely near to the exact solution whereas obviating the complexities associated with many other approaches. The expected issue’s uniqueness theorem and convergence analysis are explored using Banach’s fixed-point theory. The reliability and accuracy of the recommended method were tested using numerical simulations. The graphs and tables reflect the results. The comparison of the suggested scheme’s solution with the exact solutions demonstrates that the scheme is efficient, methodical, and extremely exact in tackling nonlinear complicated phenomena.

Practical application of hull shape optimization with an integrated process combining automated optimization and classical design methods

Jesús Sánchez Pinedo — Thu, 22 Jun 2023 11:54:17 +0200

A Non-Deterministic Propeller Design Optimization Framework Leveraging Machine Learning Based Boundary Element Methods Surrogates

Jesús Sánchez Pinedo — Thu, 22 Jun 2023 11:54:02 +0200

Uncertainty Quantification of the DTMB 5415 Performance Subject to Geometrical and Operational Uncertainties via Multi Index Stochastic Collocation

Jesús Sánchez Pinedo — Thu, 22 Jun 2023 11:53:46 +0200

Simulation-driven Design of a Fast Monohull

Jesús Sánchez Pinedo — Thu, 22 Jun 2023 11:53:33 +0200

Hydrofoil Optimization via Automated Multi-Fidelity Surrogate Models

Jesús Sánchez Pinedo — Thu, 22 Jun 2023 11:53:10 +0200

Parallel Constrained Multi-Objective Optimization for Ship Design Damage Stability Problem with (In)Expensive Function Evaluations

Jesús Sánchez Pinedo — Thu, 22 Jun 2023 11:52:56 +0200

Non-intrusive Reduced Order Modeling to Accelerate Design and Optimization Processes

Jesús Sánchez Pinedo — Thu, 22 Jun 2023 11:52:46 +0200

Multifidelity Bayesian Methods for Design Optimization: Marine Engineering Application

Jesús Sánchez Pinedo — Thu, 22 Jun 2023 11:52:33 +0200

Robust Optimization Of Hull Forms Operating in Realistic Ocean Environment - An Overview

Jesús Sánchez Pinedo — Thu, 22 Jun 2023 11:52:20 +0200

Shape Optimization of a Naval Destroyer by Multi-Fidelity Methods

Jesús Sánchez Pinedo — Thu, 22 Jun 2023 11:51:54 +0200

Unsteady Hydrodynamic Loads on Energy Saving Ducts

Jesús Sánchez Pinedo — Thu, 22 Jun 2023 11:51:34 +0200

The Dynamics of a Ship Nominal Wake in Head Waves

Jesús Sánchez Pinedo — Thu, 22 Jun 2023 11:51:22 +0200

Scipedia: Documents published in 2023

MODIFICATION OF MECHANISMS FOR REGULATING BANKING COMPETITION IN CONDITIONS OF FINANCIAL INSTABILITY

ASSESSMENT OF THE PROSPECTS FOR RUSSIA TO ENTER THE PATH OF SUSTAINABLE GROWTH AFTER 2021: ANALYSIS OF POSSIBLE DEVELOPMENT RISKS AND DEVELOPMENT OF PROPOSALS FOR RISK MANAGEMENT

ORGANIZATION OF THE SYSTEM OF MACROECONOMIC ANALYSIS AND FORECASTING IN THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN

Factor de Riesgo Para Suicidio y Factores Asociados En Los Empleados De Un Call Center De Pereira, Colombia

THE IMPACT OF THE RUBLE EXCHANGE RATE ON PRICES AND VOLUMES OF RUSSIAN IMPORTS FROM THE EU

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PRICE DYNAMICS IN THE ONLINE SEGMENT AND STANDARD PRICE INDICATORS

DEBT SUSTAINABILITY AT THE SUBNATIONAL LEVEL IN RUSSIA: THEORY, SITUATION, RECOMMENDATIONS

ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF THE APPLICATION OF ANTICRISIS BUDGET POLICY MEASURES IN RELATION TO THE SUBNATIONAL LEVEL

STATE SECTOR: ASSESSMENT CHALLENGES AND PERFORMANCE CRITERIA

ANALYSIS ON MONETARY POLICY COORDINATION IN EURASIAN ECONOMIC UNION

ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES TO DETERMINING THE TARGET LEVEL OF INFLATION IN RUSSIA

ANALYSIS OF THE FEASIBILITY OF INTRODUCING VOLUNTARY REGISTRATION OF FOREIGN SUPPLIERS USING THE VAT OFFICE WHEN CARRYING OUT ACTIVITIES IN RUSSIA: INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE

General foundations of high-order immersed interface methods to solve interface problems

Symbolic Regression Approaches for the Direct Calculation of Pipe Diameter

EFFECT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC UPON DEMOGRAPHIC PROCESSES IN REGIONS OF RUSSIA

MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION APPROACHES CHARACTERISTICS OF LOCAL LABOR MARKETS IN RUSSIA BASED ON MICRODATA

CONSUMPTION, LEISURE, SOCIAL INTERACTIONS: THE WAY OF LIFE OF RUSSIANS IN CONDITIONS OF INSTABILITY

Adaptive ensemble surrogate-based optimization and analysis of forklift pallet racks

Cross-border migration in the era of the pandemic: analysis of the impact of COVID-19 on the processes of geographical mobility

Migrant communities in Western European countries and in Russia: social demands and structural constraints

THE WAGE OF STEM PROFESSIONALS IN RUSSIA: THE IMPORTANCE OF HUMAN CAPITAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FACTORS

VET STAFFING MODELS DEPENDING ON THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION’S REGIONS

Prospects for improving the efficiency of the system of social contracts in the Russian Federation

METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF TAKING INTO ACCOUNT NON-MONETARY FACTORS IN MEASURING THE LEVEL OF POVERTY

Assessment of migration potential from different countries of the world to Russia

Key person analysis in persistent topic with online forum

A new sixth-order immersed interface method for solving Poisson equations with straight interfaces

Numerical simulation of bulk superconductor during pulsed field magnetization based on multi-field coupled analysis

Finite Element Analysis of Novel Biochar Reinforced Epoxy Resin Composites for Sustainable Applications

THE NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF THERMAL CYCLE OF LASER SURFACE HARDENING

Seismic response characteristics of a tunnel portal subjected to topographical and geological asymmetsric loading

A Eugenius Way of Anesthesia: The Effects of Different Clove Oil Anesthesia Administration Methods on Earthworm Physiology and Behavior

Multi-objective design and optimization of forklift gantry by using multiple surrogate models

An Efficient approach for the Early Prediction of Alzheimer’s Disease through RNFL

The Creation of Bio-based Mycelium-Substrate Composite Insulation Using Waste Stream Products

Do Stress Levels Affect Response Reactions to Background music?

The Creation of Alternative Soundproofing Using Recyclable Materials

Applying 2D numerical model to calculate the scour at the Cua Dai bridge, Quang Nam province

The Effect of Different Food Sources on Slime Mold Growth and Memory

The Effect of Different Food Sources on Slime Mold Growth and Memory

How were women portrayed in the lyrics of popular early 2000s songs?

CNN-based multi-object tracking networks with position correction and IMM in intelligent transportation system

Numerical simulation on free motion response of a submarine induced by internal solitary wave

A posteriori error estimation for second-order optimally convergent G/XFEM

A new semi-analytical solution of compound KdV-Burgers equation of fractional order

Small Arms Market Revenue Share, Growth Factors, Trends, Analysis & Forecast, 2021–2028

Type Outlook (Revenue, USD Billion; 2018–2028)

Caliber Outlook (Revenue, USD Billion; 2018–2028)

Technology Outlook (Revenue, USD Billion; 2018–2028)

Digital Twins as an enabling technology for disruptive improvement of computational methods in marine engineering.

The physical models: an embarrassment to viscous naval hydrodynamics

IA: Finding patterns in a stochastic marine world

Numerical Modeling to Advance Offshore Wind Energy Technology

Simulation study of impact dynamics during LNG transportation

The Ultimate Guide to Pairing Belgian Beer with Delicious Cuisine at a Belgian Beer Café

Modelling and simulation of multiscale particulate flows using physics-informed data-driven methods. Applications in naval and marine engineering

Mooring systems for Marine Renewable Energy

Analysis of the influence of uneven settlement on the existing shield tunnel lining

A numerical framework for modelling tire mechanics accounting for composite materials, large strains and frictional contact

Dataset of the temperature rise during granular flows in a rotating drum

Experimental investigation of heat generation during granular flow in a rotating drum using infrared thermography

Enhanced semi-explicit particle finite element method via a modified Strang splitting operator for incompressible flows

A prototype of a micro-scale model for the distribution of NO2 in urban areas

Assessment of simplified momentum equations for free surface flows through rigid porous media

Development and coupling of numerical techniques for modeling micromechanical discrete and continuous media using real particle morphologies

High-Order Mesh Generation and Warping for Biomedical Simulations

Adaptive multilevel Monte Carlo for risk averse optimization

Thermomechanical behaviour of silty sandy clays: An experimental and numerical investigation

Modelling and Simulating Cities with Digital Twins

Contact stresses and bending stresses analysis of curvilinear cylindrical gears generated by a face-milling cutter with parabolic profile

Seakeeping analysis of dead ship condition in fishing ships based on Artificial Neural Networks

Serbian Natural Gas Sector in a Gap Between East and West: ChatGPT Decision Support

REDISTRIBUTION OF TAX REVENUES BETWEEN THE LEVELS OF THE BUDGET SYSTEM IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

«COGNITIVE MECHANISMS OF MENTAL MODELS FUNCTIONING WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF NAIVE THEORIES»

«PRODUCTIVE AND ERRONEOUS STRATEGIES OF THEORETICAL WORK IN MODERN PSYCHOLOGY»

MANDATORY PENSION SAVINGS IN RUSSIA: EXPERIENCE AND PROSPECTS

ANALYSIS OF THE PROCESSES OF ADAPTATION OF THE NORTHERN CAUCASIAN MIGRANTS IN THE MEGAPOLIS (EVIDENCE FROM ST. PETERSBURG)

MODERN APPROACHES TO ASSESSING THE LEVEL OF ECONOMIC UNCERTAINTY: INTERNATIONAL PRACTICE AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR RUSSIA

Factor models of cryptocurrency return within homogeneous groups