Scipedia: Documents published in 2016

Mild Brønsted basic ionic liquids catalyzed three component synthesis of pyrazolo[1,2-a][1,2,4]triazole-1, 3-dione and 2-amino-3-cyano-5,10-dioxo-4-phenyl-5, 10-dihydro-4H-benzo[g]chromene derivatives

Scipedia content — Thu, 06 Oct 2016 11:22:20 +0200

Pyrazolo[1,2-a][1,2,4]triazole-1,3-dione derivatives were synthesized via a three component reaction of arylaldehydes, 4-phenylurazole and malononitrile in the presence of a catalytic amount of 2-hydroxyethylammonium formate and 2-hydroxyethylammonium acetate as effective mild basic ionic liquids, without using any additional co-catalyst, under solvent-free conditions at room temperature in good yields. Ionic liquids as catalysts were recovered and reused. In addition, the preparation of 2-amino-3-cyano-5,10-dioxo-4-phenyl-5,10-dihydro-4H-benzo[g]chromene derivatives from the reaction of arylaldehydes, malononitrile and 2-hydroxy-1,4-dihydronaphthalene-1,4-dione under solvent-free conditions at ambient temperature in the presence of mentioned catalysts is reported.

Design optimization of reinforced concrete 3D structures considering frequency constraints via a charged system search

Scipedia content — Thu, 06 Oct 2016 11:22:04 +0200

This paper presents an optimal design of three dimensional multi-story reinforced concrete structures using recently developed meta-heuristic algorithms, namely; the charged system search and the enhanced charged system search. The design is based on the ACI 318-05 code and loadings are based on ASCE7-05. Analysis of the structures is performed by the standard stiffness method. All members are subjected to biaxial moments and axial loads. Pre-determined sections are assumed for beams and columns, and the corresponding interaction curves are utilized to check whether the selected section for each member is acceptable. The objective function is taken as the weight of the structure, and constraints consist of the slenderness of compression members, the maximum allowable drift of the structure and the natural frequency of the structure. It should be mentioned that second order effects are also considered and that the end moments of the columns are magnified when needed. First, a 7-story frame with 3 spans is considered and optimized. Then, a sensitivity analysis is performed by optimal design of nine frames having 3 stories and 2 spans. In each story, different span lengths and loading conditions are assumed, and the results are compared.

Calculation of pressure drop inside condensing vertical pipes in new inlet pressures using a new modified three-fluid model

Scipedia content — Thu, 06 Oct 2016 11:21:47 +0200

Using the new modified three-fluid model, the effect of variation of inlet pressure on predictions of pressure drop in the downward condensing annular flow of steam inside vertical pipes is studied. To achieve this, using the new modified three-fluid model and Stevanovic et al.’s correlation for the steam–liquid film interfacial friction coefficient, pressure drop is calculated in two new inlet pressures (i.e., 1.5 and 2.5 (MPa)), for which there is no available experimental data of pressure drop. The pressure drop predictions of the new modified three-fluid model and those of the Stevanovic et al.’s correlation are compared.

An improved teaching-learning-based optimization algorithm for solving unconstrained optimization problems

Scipedia content — Thu, 06 Oct 2016 11:21:31 +0200

Teaching–Learning-Based Optimization (TLBO) algorithms simulate the teaching–learning phenomenon of a classroom to solve multi-dimensional, linear and nonlinear problems with appreciable efficiency. In this paper, the basic TLBO algorithm is improved to enhance its exploration and exploitation capacities by introducing the concept of number of teachers, adaptive teaching factor, tutorial training and self motivated learning. Performance of the improved TLBO algorithm is assessed by implementing it on a range of standard unconstrained benchmark functions having different characteristics. The results of optimization obtained using the improved TLBO algorithm are validated by comparing them with those obtained using the basic TLBO and other optimization algorithms available in the literature.

Numerical simulation for predicting concentration profiles of cohesive sediments in surf zone

Scipedia content — Thu, 06 Oct 2016 11:21:03 +0200

A hybrid numerical model is introduced for simulation of cohesive sediments concentration profiles in a surf zone. For this purpose, wave height reduction must be considered, due to muddy beds and wave breaking. Models, such as Sanford and Maa’s erosion model, Krone’s sedimentation model, Tajima’s wave breaking model and the visco-elastic–plastic rheological model, are used to investigate the interaction of wave and bed and to predict the concentration profile. A splitting algorithm has been used to split the three-dimensional advection–diffusion equation into a horizontal, two-dimensional equation, and a vertical, one-dimensional equation, due to different length scales. The one-dimensional equation is discretized over a non uniform grid, and, then solved implicitly using the QUICKEST scheme (third order in time and space). The two-dimensional equation is divided into two parts (advection and diffusion) and each part is separately solved at different time steps. A suitable mesh, regarding space and time intervals, is chosen for considering the stability of the present model. The computational domain extends from the shoreline to the deepwater zone. Finally, the results are analyzed and compared with experimental and field data and other models. Good agreement has been obtained with the data and other numerical models.

Multi-pass turning process parameter optimization using teaching–learning-based optimization algorithm

Scipedia content — Thu, 06 Oct 2016 11:20:33 +0200

The primary objective in multi-pass turning operations is to produce products with low cost and high quality, with a lower number of cuts. Parameter optimization plays an important role in achieving this goal. Process parameter optimization in a multi-pass turning operation usually involves the optimal selection of cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut and number of passes. In this work, the parameter optimization of a multi-pass turning operation is carried out using a recently developed advanced optimization algorithm, named, the teaching–learning-based optimization algorithm. Two different examples are considered that have been attempted previously by various researchers using different optimization techniques, such as simulated annealing, the genetic algorithm, the ant colony algorithm, and particle swarm optimization, etc. The first example is a multi-objective problem and the second example is a single objective multi-constrained problem with 20 constraints. The teaching–learning-based optimization algorithm has proved its effectiveness over other algorithms.

Bayesian estimation of seismic hazards in Iran

Scipedia content — Thu, 06 Oct 2016 11:19:59 +0200

Seismic hazard assessment is a basic tool for rational planning and designing in areas of different seismic activity. The Bayesian probability estimation was applied in this study to assess seismic hazard. The estimation procedure provides a posterior probability distribution that integrates prior estimates based on the knowledge of the process, and the likelihood of occurrence based on historical data. The Bayesian approach was applied to calculate the probability that a certain cut-off magnitude would be exceeded at certain time intervals in different regions of Iran. The results for the cut-off magnitude of 6.5 indicate that the highest probability of seismic hazard exists in the Alborz, Kopeh-Dagh, Bandar-Abas, Kerman, and Zagros regions. The seismic hazard is lowest for the Esfahan–Sirgan region, the Arabian Platform, the Persian Gulf, and Kavir in Central Iran. The comparison between the Bayesian results and the seismotectonic models of Iran reveals that it is possible to partition the spatially distributed epicenters of earthquake events into different regions. In general, these regional divisions agree with previously proposed seismotectonic provinces of Iran.

The effects of machine breakdown on hull structure production process

Scipedia content — Thu, 06 Oct 2016 11:19:55 +0200

In the production environment, there are many disruptions, such as machine breakdown, rush orders, and so on. Under these circumstances, the shipyards have to meet customer demand. If this is not done, the shipyard may face customer loss, since they cannot meet the deadline. So, it is very important to understand the effects of machine breakdown on system throughput. In this study, the hull production system of a shipyard situated in Turkey has been considered. In the first step of the study, the structure of the double bottom block, which is produced in the shipyard production system, and the workstations, which constitute the production system, were identified. Secondly, the simulation model of the production system was created using simulation software. By creating some machine breakdowns for various work stations in the production system, the effects of breakdown on system throughput have been investigated. As a result of the study, the critical rates of machine breakdown, which have affected system throughput, have been determined. The main contribution of the study is to allow production engineers to take measures against machine breakdowns in advance, so that target throughput can be reached.

Finding the optimum location in a one-median network problem with correlated demands using simulated annealing

Scipedia content — Thu, 06 Oct 2016 11:19:44 +0200

The one median location problem with stochastic demands can be solved as a deterministic problem by considering the mean of weights as demands. There are also some other approaches in consideration of this problem. However, it is better to find the probability for each node that shows the chance of the node being in the optimal location, especially when demands are correlated to each other. With this approach, alternative answers with their optimality probability can be found. In small networks with a few nodes, it is not so difficult to solve the problem, because a multivariate normal probability for each node should be calculated. But, when the number of nodes increases, not only do the number of probability calculations increase, but also, the computation time for each multivariate normal distribution grows exponentially. In this paper, a meta-heuristic algorithm, based on modified Simulated Annealing (SA), with consideration of a short term memory module is proposed to find the optimality probability more efficiently. The algorithm was performed on some sample networks with correlated demands.

ERP success prediction: An artificial neural network approach

Scipedia content — Thu, 06 Oct 2016 11:19:37 +0200

The Enterprise Resource Planning system (ERP) has been pointed out as a new information systems paradigm. However, achieving a proper level of ERP success relies on a variety of factors that are related to an organization or project environment. In this paper, the idea of predicting ERP post-implementation success based on organizational profiles has been discussed. As with the need to create the expectations of organizations of ERP, an expert system was developed by exploiting the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) method to articulate the relationships between some organizational factors and ERP success. The expert system role is in preparation to obtain data from the new enterprises that wish to implement ERP, and to predict the probable system success level. To this end, factors of organizational profiles are recognized and an ANN model is developed. Then, they are validated with 171 surveyed data obtained from Middle East-located enterprises that experienced ERP. The trained expert system predicts, with an average correlation coefficient of 0.744, which is respectively high, and supports the idea of dependency of ERP success on organizational profiles. Besides, a total correct classification rate of 0.685 indicates good prediction power, which can help firms predict ERP success before system implementation.

Data imprecision under λ-geometry model: Range searching problem

Scipedia content — Thu, 06 Oct 2016 11:19:18 +0200

Because of constraints in exact modeling, measuring and computing, it is inevitable that algorithms that solve real world problems have to avoid errors. Hence, proposing models to handle error, and designing algorithms that work well in practice, are challenging fields. In this paper, we introduce a model called the λ-geometry model to handle a dynamic form of imprecision, which allows the precision to change monotonically in the input data of geometric algorithms. λ-geometry is a generalization of region-based models and provides the output of problems as functions, with respect to the level of precision. This type of output helps to design exact algorithms and is also useful in decision making processes. Furthermore, we study the problem of orthogonal range searching in one and two dimensional space under the model of λ-geometry, and propose efficient algorithms to solve it.

Different approaches to the Czech and Chinese university students in Business Economics: A teaching experience

Scipedia content — Wed, 05 Oct 2016 12:28:32 +0200

University internationalization in the field of education as well as in the field of science and research is one of the main priorities of VŠB – Technical University of Ostrava. VŠB – Technical University of Ostrava has several double degree agreements with foreign universities, mostly from Western Europe – e.g. Great Britain, Finland, but also with foreign universities outside Europe. In 2009 VŠB – Technical University of Ostrava signed a memorandum with Hubei University of Technology. This cooperation involves travelling of the Czech teachers to China and teaching several subjects at Hubei University of Technology as well as teaching 3rd year Chinese students at VŠB – Technical University of Ostrava (Czech Republic). This paper brings own teaching experience of the European lecturer who gave the lectures at the Chinese university for the Chinese students studying in English. Ishikawa diagram was used to determine the main causes of Chinese students’ failure in Business Economics. This paper brings modified methods of teaching Business Economics to be more suitable for Chinese students as well as critical review of Chinese students’ learning styles and characteristics observed by the author of the paper.

Research on safety assessment method for bridge structure based on variable weight synthesis method

Scipedia content — Wed, 05 Oct 2016 12:28:26 +0200

Variable weight synthesis method is a safety assessment method which is using the varied weight principle, based on analytic hierarchy process and combining the theory of grey relevancy, it reduce influence that secondary cause is not obvious in assessment process, and make the result more correct and dependable. In the paper, variable weight principle and the assessment method were expounded in detail.

Round timber bolted joints reinforced with modified washers and self-drilling screws

Scipedia content — Wed, 05 Oct 2016 12:28:20 +0200

Timber constructions made of round timber components are becoming more and more popular. Given that in the current European standards for the design of timber structures, timber-to-timber joint type is solved only for squared timber. This paper presents results of static tests in tension at an angle of 0°, 90°, 60° to the grain of round timber bolted joints. This research looks into reinforcement with modified washers or self-drilling screws, as these are the least labour-intensive (while economically advantageous). The joints samples were experimentally tested in the laboratory of the Faculty of Civil Engineering VŠB TU Ostrava.

An overview of coordinated control for multi-agent systems subject to input saturation

Scipedia content — Wed, 05 Oct 2016 12:28:12 +0200

Coordinated control of multi-agent systems has widespread application in engineering such as unmanned aerial vehicles and unmanned ground vehicles. Due to the fact that input saturation can lead a control system to deterioration and instability, a lot of efforts have been devoted to investigating this subject of great importance. The present article offers a survey of recent developments on coordinated control of multi-agents systems subject to input saturation. Some preliminaries about graph theory, stability theory and input saturation are first provided, followed by some important results in the area, which are categorized into semi-global and global coordinated controls. Future research topics are finally discussed.

Family involvement, internal control and agency costs – Evidences from Chinas listed family firms

Scipedia content — Wed, 05 Oct 2016 12:28:08 +0200

This study examines the agency costs of 314 family firms listed on Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchange in China. The results show that agency costs of family firms increase significantly with the enhancement of familys ownership and the separation of ownership and control, while family involvement in management can reduce the agency costs. By including the variable proxying internal control and the interaction term between internal control and family involvement in the empirical model, we still find that the effects of family involvement on agency costs are contingent on the quality of internal control.

Flexural Behavior and Strut-and-tie Model of Joints with headed bar details Connecting Precast Members

Scipedia content — Wed, 05 Oct 2016 12:28:01 +0200

This paper focuses on an investigation of an improved longitudinal joint with headed bar details connecting precast decked bulb tee girders for accelerated bridge construction. The testing study included two phases. In phase I, five beam specimens with various headed bar details and a continuous reinforced specimen were tested under flexure loadings. A headed bar detail with 152 mm lap length was recommended for further study. In phase II, two slabs connected by the selected joint were tested under flexure and flexure-shear loadings. Test results were evaluated based on structural behaviors including capacity, deflection, and failure mode. At last, a validated strut-and-tie model was developed to anticipate the capacity of the improved longitudinal joint. It shows that the proposed headed bar details can provide a continuous force transfer in the joint. The lap length interacting with the spacing of the headed bar is the most significant parameter of the improved joint details. To develop a full strength joint, the lap length should not be less than 152 mm and be designed by the strength requirement. The strut-and-tie model can provide a conservative strength anticipation of the joint and it is the lower bound of the ultimate capacity of the joint.

Optimization of hydraulic parts using adjoint optimization

Scipedia content — Wed, 05 Oct 2016 12:27:56 +0200

Modern fluid mechanics examines understanding, predicting and directing of fluids in the fluid structures. But new computational methods need to find out the optimal solution of each hydraulic system because of minimization of power losses. Consequently, this article looks through the shape optimization of hydraulic parts using adjoint optimization method. It is most used gradient-based method. This approach enables to calculate the objective function sensitivities in consideration of the design variables (Kyriakos and Papadimitriou, 2008). Many producers talk about the optimized solutions, but only small part from them use all possibilities for finding the best one. It is motivation why in this paper the shape optimization of the hydraulic valve component with respect to minimization of pressure losses is presented.

Intelligent transportation systems for Czech ageing generation

Scipedia content — Wed, 05 Oct 2016 12:27:52 +0200

In the Czech Republic owning and utilising of a car is one of the best remedies against a diminishing of cruising radius in old age and a comfortable mean to sustain autonomy and independence of living as well as social relations. Physical handicaps and limits of the elderly could be compensated today by sophisticated technical solutions. Promotion of specialised driver-assistance systems in the cars and advancement of the demand for age relevant cars with high-tech-optimisation should be the remedy; It is expected that these technical means will be used to a far greater degree in the future for the purposes of preventing road accidents (active safety) and to reduce the impact of the road accidents that do occur (passive safety) to senior citizens. The use of telematic should help in preventing accidents. Technical development increasing the safety of vehicles for older passengers need not be the privilege of a few. It will be necessary to co-operate with manufacturers to ensure that technical innovations are available to all and attainable as soon as possible for a wide range of new vehicles. The possibilities for equipping older vehicles already on the roads with new technical means of prevention should also be investigated. With changing attitudes and conditions the desire to travel for services, business and leisure represents a potential major new source of ideas for IVIS and ADAS designers and producers. Senior drivers represent a potential major new source of ideas for IVIS and ADAS designers and producers. The telematic development including IVIS and ADAS designed to reduce traffic accidents and to support elderly drivers in a suitable and user-oriented way may be appropriate solution.

Using scaled physical model for assessment of mechanical damping of power plant boiler structure

Scipedia content — Wed, 05 Oct 2016 12:27:46 +0200

To determine dynamic response of mechanical system is always a complex issue. One of the core inputs for such a task is a coefficient of logarithmic damping decrement. There is no way how to determine this coefficient analytically; it needs to be measured on the final product. There has been a large amount of dynamic tests carried out on common structures and the results have been incorporated in design codes. Nevertheless, power plant boiler structure differs significantly from common structures. To provide a large number of dynamic tests on real facility is very difficult for many reasons. Using a scaled model is a way how to achieve relevant data based on repeatable experiment.

Risk efficiency of hedging strategy in China financial market

Scipedia content — Wed, 05 Oct 2016 12:27:36 +0200

This paper presents the analysis of China financial market and method of hedging optimization for compute expected shortfall risk based on attitude towards risk under the Black–Scholes model. The application demonstrates an example of the efficient hedging strategy for call option in the Black–Scholes model based on geometric Brownian motion with loss function. The data of illustrations which applies in China financial market. The resulting efficient hedges allow the investor to interpolate in a systematic way extreme of partial hedging (between no hedge and full hedge) that depend on the accepted level of shortfall risk.

EU-China cooperation on regional policy

Scipedia content — Wed, 05 Oct 2016 12:27:32 +0200

Although the European Union and China are different in terms of area, population, economic, social, political and cultural development, both of them have to face similar challenge – the significant regional disparities and unbalanced regional development. Based on this the EU-China cooperation on regional policy has been launched and there is huge potential to develop mutual learning initiatives to allow their regions developed. The main aim of this paper is to outline the trends in evolution and perspectives of EU-China cooperation on regional policy.

Water supply systems and their influence on increasing operational safety in industry

Scipedia content — Wed, 05 Oct 2016 12:27:28 +0200

The reliability of the technical manufacturing base of each state depends on the supplies of energies and drinking water in standard as well as extraordinary conditions. An extraordinary event or crisis situation can be caused by natural influences and anthropogenic events. Whereas in standard conditions, the supply of energies follows from contractual relationships, in case of extraordinary event it follows from a real situation that has occurred in the concerned entity of technical infrastructure. A common condition of technical–operational safety and manufacturing activity of all entities in standard and extraordinary situations is the reliability and continuity of water supplies for technological and sanitary purposes. This article presents what the threats and natural and anthropogenic conditions that can disrupt or completely exclude manufacturing processes are and how these threats can be effectively coped with in the real environment.

Income inequalities in China: Stylized facts vs. reality

Scipedia content — Wed, 05 Oct 2016 12:27:25 +0200

There have been many papers recently (both theoretical and empirical) analyzing the problem of income inequality in China. Most of them usually state that the income inequality in China is growing in two dimensions – among the regions and between the urban and rural areas. Moreover, an opinion that reducing the inequality must be connected with sacrificing some part of economic growth prevails. These results seem to be widely accepted also by the media and politicians. In this paper we provide evidence that the income inequality remains stable in last years and that its relationship with economic growth is very ambiguous. Using the comparison with some other countries, we document that the inequality in both dimensions mentioned above does not change significantly faster than in other countries.

Analysis on complex structure stability under different bar angle with BIM technology

Scipedia content — Wed, 05 Oct 2016 12:27:19 +0200

Sun Valley, the landmark building of World Expo in Shanghai, which has free surface with single-layer reticulated shell structure, is a typical complex structure. CAD/CAM integrated information system to design is used for the complex structure; however, it is a very rigorous process to be used widely. The relevant technology of the Sun Valley is not open to the public at present, so we try to use BIM technology to model the Sun Valley, including architecture modelling and structure analysis. By analysis of the Sun Valley structure using this method, it is proved that the problems in modelling may be solved by writing some script codes in Rhino software and the stability of the model can also be analyzed. The new approach is viable and effective in combination with different softwares such as Rhino, Revit, and Midas in solution of the complex shaped surfaces’ structure for modelling and calculation.

Contribution to fire resistance analysis of statically indeterminate structures

Scipedia content — Wed, 05 Oct 2016 12:27:14 +0200

Structural fire resistance, as integral part of structural design, is determined by testing or by calculations. This paper is focused on statically indeterminate structures where thermal expansion is restrained and significant internal forces occur in the structure leading to possible plasticization and subsequent redistribution of internal forces. In this paper different approaches of fire resistance testing are described, together with brief description of two experiments focussed on verification of behaviour of a statically indeterminate steel frame exposed to high temperature which were carried out at VŠB-TU Ostrava. The paper is complemented with calculation of steel and concrete simple frame structure exposed to elevated temperature.

Estimation of initial elastic properties of 2D homogenised masonry model based on tensor scale indices

Scipedia content — Wed, 05 Oct 2016 12:27:09 +0200

The paper discussed numerical approach for an estimation of initial elastic material properties for homogenised models of masonry. The tensor scale parameter is utilised. The paper discusses the principles of the use of the tensor scale for such task and it also discusses current limitations of the procedure. A numerical example is provided to illustrate the practical use of the proposed method.

The Stirling engine mechanism optimization

Scipedia content — Wed, 05 Oct 2016 12:26:58 +0200

A special type of the gas engine with external combustion is called Stirling engine. The mechanism has two pistons with two volumes inside. The pistons are connected together through cooler, regenerator and warmer. The engine effectivity depends on the piston movement behaviour. The usual sinusoidal time curve leads to low effectiveness. The quick movement from lower to upper position with a certain delay in both top and bottom dead centres is more effective. The paper deals with three types of mechanisms, analyzing the piston movement, and their behavior. Special emphasize is taken to the piston movement regime.

Carbonaceous particles in the air of the Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic

Scipedia content — Wed, 05 Oct 2016 12:26:55 +0200

Black carbon (BC), elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC) are emitted as primary particles from incomplete combustion from fossil fuel, industry, residential heating and biomass burning. Carbon compounds account for a large fraction of airborne particulate matter. Above-mentioned forms of carbon particles can be used for the identification of pollution sources. The following work focuses on individual emission sources in the Moravian-Silesian Region, and their portion in air pollution.

A brief review of revocable ID-based public key cryptosystem

Scipedia content — Wed, 05 Oct 2016 12:26:51 +0200

The design of ID-based cryptography has received much attention from researchers. However, how to revoke the misbehaviour/compromised user in ID-based public key cryptosystem becomes an important research issue. Recently, Tseng and Tsai proposed a novel public key cryptosystem called revocable ID-based public key cryptosystem (RIBE) to solve the revocation problem. Later on, numerous research papers based on the Tseng-Tsai key RIBE were proposed. In this paper, we brief review Tseng and Tsais RIBE. We hope this review can help the readers to understand the Tseng and Tsais revocable ID-based public key cryptosystem.

Discussion of the community detection algorithm based on statistical inference

Scipedia content — Wed, 05 Oct 2016 12:26:44 +0200

This paper aims to solve the model and parameters with the discussion from the algorithm characteristics of model, the analysis of each algorithm, solving the difficulties, problems and development direction. The paper tries to analyze and summarize the evolution law of algorithm and solution thinking. Some improvements are given on the existing community detection algorithm based on statistical inference.

The current economic situation in China and its impact on the Czech Republic

Scipedia content — Wed, 05 Oct 2016 12:26:38 +0200

Nowadays, many companies try to enter to the international sector and to extend here their activity. Their international cooperation is an integral part of the action; it is necessary to know the cultural differences. Therefore it is important to understand the social development including the Social Progress Index and the secondary analysis of an economic situation in China; and its subsequent impact on the economy not only in the Czech Republic based on evaluation of Czech-Chinese business relations. China was in the last five years the male rotor of the world economic growth and became a significant importer of commodities. Last year, the Chinese economic growth rate slowed down, which could have negative consequences on other economies. This is also the possible reason for some Czech companies leaving the Chinese market; they transfer their production parts back to Europe or India. A presumption of high living standard, which all countries of the world and their inhabitants want to achieve, is according to the current paradigm of economic science the economic growth. The economy does not take pace in a vertical line, but at the horizontal level as the meaning of sharing in the net among the individuals. And the cooperation does not take place in the horizontal line but in the vertical line, which essentially changes the way of peoples working.

Real options valuation with changing volatility

Scipedia content — Wed, 05 Oct 2016 12:26:24 +0200

This paper aims at the valuation of real options with changing volatility. Volatility change is a typical feature of real investment projects, where the riskiness of cash flow generated by the project can change significantly during the project life span. In this paper, there is explained how the problem of changing volatility can be considered if binomial lattice and replication strategy is used for real option valuation. There are recombining and non-recombining lattice used and constant and increasing volatility are analysed and results compared. In situation when volatility is changing, two approaches overcoming this problem are employed and compared.

Experimental measurements of subsoil–structure interaction and 3D numerical models

Scipedia content — Wed, 05 Oct 2016 12:26:20 +0200

Use of combination of experimental measurements, tests in situ and numerical modelling is optimal approach to obtain reliable results of subsoil–structure interaction. Input data for numerical analyses were obtained by experimental loading tests of three different types of concrete slabs. Loading was performed out using experimental equipment. The unique experimental equipment was constructed in the area of Faculty of Civil Engineering, VŠB-TU Ostrava. Analyses of interaction of reinforced concrete slabs with subsoil were solved by application of inhomogeneous half-space. The main focus was to verify the aptness of application of inhomogeneous half-space in relation to the slab deformations in comparison of different types of reinforcements of concrete slab.

Valuation of the China internet company under a real option approach

Scipedia content — Wed, 05 Oct 2016 12:26:12 +0200

The objective of the paper is description, application and verification of the real option methodology in financial decision-making of the internet company in China. There is the real option methodology described. Subsequently financial characterisation of internet Baidu company is given. Crucial part consists in calculation of the company value under several scenarios and real option alternatives. We conclude that generalised real option methodology is suitable method of valuation of the internet company under China economical conditions.

Durability assessment of concrete bridge deck considering waterproof membrane and epoxy-coated reinforcement

Scipedia content — Wed, 05 Oct 2016 12:26:06 +0200

The effect of waterproof membrane and steel reinforcement protection on the concrete bridge deck is modeled. The attention is paid to the durability prediction related to steel reinforcement corrosion initiation based on the chloride penetration. Thus 2-D finite element chloride ingress model is applied. The transient finite element model serves to solve Ficks second diffusion law using the computer tool compatible with the Matlab environment. The model focuses on the transport of chloride ions through a reinforced concrete bridge deck with and without the effect of waterproof membrane and on an estimate of the concentration of chlorides at the reinforcement level or in places with damage to the epoxide coating of the reinforcement. The model allows the incorporation of damage to the waterproof insulation under the asphalt coating. The time to chloride induced onset of corrosion is predicted and results are compared. The effect of water proof membrane reinforcement protection strategy typical for Central Europe and epoxy-coating protection widely used in North-Western United States is evaluated.

The timber truss: The studying of the behaviour of the spatial framework joint

Scipedia content — Wed, 05 Oct 2016 12:26:00 +0200

Using of timber in civil engineering is increasing at the moment. Main timber elements are used for main supporting structures, typically for buildings, roofs, footbridges or towers. This work studies unique timber trusses as a supporting roof structure of spatial timber building. Timber trusses are used as roof supporting construction for objects with open inside space, especially halls or office buildings. This paper resolved critical joint in roof construction which is created by four timber trusses. The FEM model monitored strain changes in critical places of resolved joint.

Shock wave lithotripsy for renal stones is not associated with development of hypertension in Chinese/Taiwanese population

Scipedia content — Mon, 03 Oct 2016 15:59:37 +0200

Zero-ischemia robotic assisted partial nephrectomy – Preliminary experience in a single institution

Scipedia content — Mon, 03 Oct 2016 15:59:35 +0200

Comparison of perioperative outcomes between robotic and open partial nephrectomy: A single centers experience

Scipedia content — Mon, 03 Oct 2016 15:59:33 +0200

Duration of ketamine abuse was associated with lower urinary tract symptoms and low mood

Scipedia content — Mon, 03 Oct 2016 15:59:31 +0200

Tumor contact surface area is associated with volume loss and functional decline after partial nephrectomy

Scipedia content — Mon, 03 Oct 2016 15:59:28 +0200

Estrogen receptor beta predicts oncologic outcome of PT3 upper urinary tract better than aggressive pathological features

Scipedia content — Mon, 03 Oct 2016 15:59:26 +0200

Lessons learned from 40 urethroplasties for urethral strictures

Scipedia content — Mon, 03 Oct 2016 15:59:24 +0200

Lactate promoting cancer stem cell phenotype and inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition

Scipedia content — Mon, 03 Oct 2016 15:59:22 +0200

Complications of radical prostatectomy relate to risk stratification of prostate cancer patients

Scipedia content — Mon, 03 Oct 2016 15:59:20 +0200

Impact of surgeon case volume on postoperative complications, mortality, medical costs and length of hospital stay after transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP): A nationwide population-based study in Taiwan

Scipedia content — Mon, 03 Oct 2016 15:59:18 +0200

The impact of methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) deficiency in patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma

Scipedia content — Mon, 03 Oct 2016 15:59:16 +0200

The long term outcomes of patients with residual stones are not inferior to those with stone free after percutaneous nephrolithotomy

Scipedia content — Mon, 03 Oct 2016 15:59:14 +0200

Use of hemostatic matrix in tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy: A single center experience from Taiwan

Scipedia content — Mon, 03 Oct 2016 15:59:11 +0200

Robot-assisted radical prostatectomy – A single institute experience

Scipedia content — Mon, 03 Oct 2016 15:59:09 +0200

The role of chloride channels on cyclophosphamide-induced overactive bladder in rats

Scipedia content — Mon, 03 Oct 2016 15:59:07 +0200

The safety of en-bloc-resection of renal pedicle during laparoscopic nephrecotmy and nephroureterectomy

Scipedia content — Mon, 03 Oct 2016 15:59:05 +0200

Spock1 expression predicts prognosis in prostate cancer

Scipedia content — Mon, 03 Oct 2016 15:59:02 +0200

Enhanced apoptosis by inhibition of cisplatin-induced autophagy in human bladder cancer cells

Scipedia content — Mon, 03 Oct 2016 15:59:00 +0200

Forced expression of MIR-30A-5P sensitizes bladder cancer cells to cisplatin via targeting ATG5 and Beclin-1

Scipedia content — Mon, 03 Oct 2016 15:58:58 +0200

Histopathological classification of ketamine related cystitis in different bladder condition and the association with treatment outcome

Scipedia content — Mon, 03 Oct 2016 15:58:56 +0200

Reduced cannabinoid receptors in bladder of metabolic syndrome rats

Scipedia content — Mon, 03 Oct 2016 15:58:54 +0200

Biopsy follow-up in patients with atypical small acinar proliferation and prostate intraepithelial neoplasm in prostate biopsy

Scipedia content — Mon, 03 Oct 2016 15:58:52 +0200

The phenotype analysis of infertile men with complete AZFc deletion

Scipedia content — Mon, 03 Oct 2016 15:58:50 +0200

The effects of different type oil in high-fat and high-fructose diets on reproduction function in male rats

Scipedia content — Mon, 03 Oct 2016 15:58:48 +0200

Urothelial dysfunction and alternations of sensory protein expressions in bladder mucosa in patients with idiopathic detrusor underactivity

Scipedia content — Mon, 03 Oct 2016 15:58:46 +0200

The clinical efficacy of rectal swab culture before transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy for preventing infective complications and characteristics of quinolone resistant Escherichia Coli isolated from the rectal swab

Scipedia content — Mon, 03 Oct 2016 15:58:43 +0200

The effect of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor and extracorporeal shock wave on cavernous nerve stimulation-induced intracavernous pressure increase in the diabetic rat

Scipedia content — Mon, 03 Oct 2016 15:58:41 +0200

Corporoplasty plication surgery for managing Peyronies disease

Scipedia content — Mon, 03 Oct 2016 15:58:39 +0200

Grade of Normalcy Improves Inter-raters' agreement in the interpretation of uroflowmetry

Scipedia content — Mon, 03 Oct 2016 15:58:37 +0200

Metformin improve upper tract urothelial carcinoma survival in Taiwanese patients with type 2 diabetes

Scipedia content — Mon, 03 Oct 2016 15:58:35 +0200

The oncological outcomes and surveillance policy of testicular cancer: 6-year single center experience in Taiwan

Scipedia content — Mon, 03 Oct 2016 15:58:33 +0200

The clinical implications of increasing abundant calcium phosphate during the last 40 decades in routinely analyzed urinary stones

Scipedia content — Mon, 03 Oct 2016 15:58:31 +0200

A Novel biomarker for prostate cancer detection in patient with gray zone PSA level

Scipedia content — Mon, 03 Oct 2016 15:58:28 +0200

Use of intraoperative strain elastography of small renal masses to differentiate between angiomyolipoma and renal cell carcinoma

Scipedia content — Mon, 03 Oct 2016 15:58:26 +0200

Penile prepuce bead implants

Scipedia content — Mon, 03 Oct 2016 15:58:24 +0200

Improvement of hormonal profile and erectile function in male recipients after living donor liver transplantation

Scipedia content — Mon, 03 Oct 2016 15:58:22 +0200

Effectiveness of NO-cGMP axis for lower urinary tract syndrome

Scipedia content — Mon, 03 Oct 2016 15:58:19 +0200

Modified operative technology for bladder stone and bladder output obstruction combined therapy

Scipedia content — Mon, 03 Oct 2016 15:58:17 +0200

Wheather green tea catechins could have a protective effect in overactive bladder rats induced by high-sugar high-fat diet and ovariectomy？

Scipedia content — Mon, 03 Oct 2016 15:58:15 +0200

Pressure compression of the access tract for tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy

Scipedia content — Mon, 03 Oct 2016 15:58:13 +0200

Establishment and characterization of primary cell culture of urothelial carcinoma: A platform for functional study in cancer

Scipedia content — Mon, 03 Oct 2016 15:58:10 +0200

Comparison of nocturia response to desmopressin treatment in elderly men with and without nocturnal polyuria in real life practice

Scipedia content — Mon, 03 Oct 2016 15:58:08 +0200

Operating times and clinical outcomes in percutaneous nephrolithotomy: A comparison of tract dilation methods

Scipedia content — Mon, 03 Oct 2016 15:58:06 +0200

The impact of tumor locations on local recurrences in prostate cancer patients receiving cryoablation

Scipedia content — Mon, 03 Oct 2016 15:58:04 +0200

The urinary microparticle tumor-associated calcium-signal transducer 2 as a bladder cancer biomarker

Scipedia content — Mon, 03 Oct 2016 15:58:02 +0200

Routine uroflowmetry and post-void residual urine in primary nocturnal enuresis

Scipedia content — Mon, 03 Oct 2016 15:58:00 +0200

The clinical value of cognitive-registration magnetic resonance imaging trans-rectal ultrasound biopsy in clinical prostate cancer detection

Scipedia content — Mon, 03 Oct 2016 15:57:58 +0200

Identified sentinel lymph node in patient with bladder cancer by using intraoperative injection of indocyanine green during laparoscopic radical cystectomy-single center experience

Scipedia content — Mon, 03 Oct 2016 15:57:55 +0200

Concommitent anterior and posterior periurethral reconstruction improves early continence followingrobot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy

Scipedia content — Mon, 03 Oct 2016 15:57:53 +0200

Outcome of robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy in high risk patient

Scipedia content — Mon, 03 Oct 2016 15:57:51 +0200

Peripheral blood-derived endothelial progenitor cell therapy prevented deterioration of chronic kidney disease in rats

Scipedia content — Mon, 03 Oct 2016 15:57:48 +0200

Patients with positive bacteria stone culture result have no relationship with urinary tract infection following tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy

Scipedia content — Mon, 03 Oct 2016 15:57:46 +0200

Aberrant expression of IRF6 in renal cell carcinoma

Scipedia content — Mon, 03 Oct 2016 15:57:44 +0200

Characteristics of male patients with high flow bladder outlet obstruction

Scipedia content — Mon, 03 Oct 2016 15:57:42 +0200

Standard urotherapy was effective in children with primary nocturnal enuresis and large maximal voided volume

Scipedia content — Mon, 03 Oct 2016 15:57:40 +0200

Risk factors of sepsis development after percuaneous nephrolithotomy

Scipedia content — Mon, 03 Oct 2016 15:57:38 +0200

Should we shift to Retzius-preserving robotic assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy?

Scipedia content — Mon, 03 Oct 2016 15:57:36 +0200

Chronic kidney disease is associated with upper tract urothelial carcinoma – A nationwide population-based cohort study in Taiwan

Scipedia content — Mon, 03 Oct 2016 15:57:34 +0200

Multidisciplinary self-management telecare system may improve quality o life in patients with interstitial cystitis / bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) – A randomized controlled study

Scipedia content — Mon, 03 Oct 2016 15:57:32 +0200

Chloroquine induces lysosomal membrane permeability mediated apoptotic cell death in bladder cancer cells

Scipedia content — Mon, 03 Oct 2016 15:57:29 +0200

Characteristics of early-onset hematotoxicity of sunitinib in Japanese patients with renal cell carcinoma

Scipedia content — Mon, 03 Oct 2016 15:57:27 +0200

A clinical nomogram for predicting bladder outlet obstruction in non-neurogenic male patients with overactive bladder

Scipedia content — Mon, 03 Oct 2016 15:57:25 +0200

New circulating tumor cells (CTCs) evaluation method in prostate cancer

Scipedia content — Mon, 03 Oct 2016 15:57:23 +0200