Scipedia: Documents published in 2016

Donkeys in Paradise: The Influence of Skeptical Philosophy in the Myth of the Noble Savage

Scipedia content — Wed, 13 Mar 2019 12:20:28 +0100

This paper studies the influence of sceptic philosophy in the formation of the myth of the «good savage». The first part analizes the importance of scepticism in the XVIth, XVIIth and XVIIIth centuries. The second part shows how the sceptic stamp of authors as Erasmus and Montaigne (XVIth century), Bayle and La Mothe Le Vayer (XVIIth century) or Diderot and Voltaire (XVIIIth century) influenced in the way that Europe treated the matter of the American indigenous.

Páginas previas de Hipogrifo 4.2, 2016

Scipedia content — Wed, 13 Mar 2019 12:09:49 +0100

Borges and Escher: the baroque labyrinth and the Neo-Baroque perception paradoxes

Scipedia content — Wed, 13 Mar 2019 12:09:26 +0100

In baroques labyrinths it get consumed the perverse pleasure of artificious complexity, the enthusiasm for a virtual architecture able to metaphorise the endless trajectories of an inextricable universe. One of the evidents signs of neo-baroque crisis in Borges’s poetics is, without doubts, the presence of labyrinth’s geometrical metaphors. Also Escher, through his graphics representations of the unestable equilibrium between illusion and disillusion, between decryption and ontological doubt, between figures possibles and impossibles, ends enrolling himself in the scope of neo-baroque crisis.

About «Book Sixteen» and «Book Seventeen» of the «Comentarios de erudición», by Bartolomé Jiménez Patón: Lexical Notes

Scipedia content — Wed, 13 Mar 2019 12:08:53 +0100

This study analyzes part of the lexicon of «Book Sixteen» and «Book Seventeen» of the Comentarios de Erudición by Bartolomé Jiménez Patón, in light of the discovery, a decade ago, of volume four of this great work that constitutes a compendium of the writings of the prolific Manchegan author. The data gathered indicate that our author’s lexicon is characterized by a curious duality: it is at the same time conservative, to the extent that it continues to resort to words and acceptations that doubtless were considered to be archaic in standard Spanish; and it is innovative as well, incorporating established Golden Age neologisms and occasionally introducing new meanings for extant words, as well as inventing new words of his own.

Review of Ignacio Arellano, Duilio Ayalamacedo y James Iffland (eds.), «El Quijote desde América (Segunda parte)», New York, IDEA, 2016, 309 pp. Colección Batihoja, 24. ISBN: 978-1-9238795-14-5

Scipedia content — Wed, 13 Mar 2019 12:08:46 +0100

Review of Ignacio Arellano, Duilio Ayalamacedo y James Iffland (eds.), El Quijote desde América (Segunda parte), New York, IDEA, 2016, 309 pp. Colección Batihoja, 24. ISBN: 978-1-9238795-14-5

Review of Juan Manuel Gauger, «Autoridad jesuita y saber universal. La polémica cometaria entre Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora y Eusebio Francisco Kino», Nueva York, IDEA, 2015, 176 pp. Colección Batihoja, 17. ISBN 978-1-938795-05-3

Scipedia content — Wed, 13 Mar 2019 12:08:39 +0100

Review of Juan Manuel Gauger, Autoridad jesuita y saber universal. La polémica cometaria entre Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora y Eusebio Francisco Kino, Nueva York, IDEA, 2015, 176 pp. Colección Batihoja, 17. ISBN 978-1-938795-05-3

Tirso de Molina: the Dramatist in the Crisis of the Succession of 1621

Scipedia content — Wed, 13 Mar 2019 12:08:21 +0100

The crisis is the political upheaval that accompanied the ascent of Olivares to power. Its repercussions on the religious and literary career of Fr. Gabriel Téllez/Tirso de Molina are examined. The primary documents analysed include the two passages in Téllez’s Historia de la Orden de la Merced (one from the early 1630s. the other revised towards the end of the decade) containing his hostile criticism of the struggle between the two groups, Lerma’s associates and those of Olivares. This hostility relates to the sentence issued by the Junta de Reformación (1625) and to be meted out as its response to the notorious case of Fr. Gabriel Téllez oka Tirso de Molina, etc. This connection confirms our seeing Tirso as a notable political victim. Yet in the thirties, Tirso’s position is complex. To offset the clear indications of a major if not terminal disruption to his activity as dramatist, the circumstances attendant on the Parte tercera de las comedias (1634) are examined to show how Fr. Gabriel came to the defence of his creation Tirso de Molina, by ensuring his survival in print. The text of the Junta’s sentence informs us of the reason its judges had to silence the dramatist; it concerns his writing plays which are profane and give bad examples. This information invites us to ask to which plays can the harsh sentence of the Junta refer? The reply to this question forms the main theme of the study. It is argued that La venganza de Tamar is a work seriously involved in the turbulent politics of the succession. This argument is preceded by an essential study on the text as authorized by Tirso and subject to the editorial scrutiny of Lucas de Avila. The nexus of images referring to physical hunger that develops into sexual and political hunger is coordinated with the recurring image of the body, presented in a series of progressively morbid pathological states. The human body receives focus in a spectacular way, as a conspicuous object on stage. The climax to the series is the banquet where Amón’s mutilated corpse is both guest and dish, a scene that evokes the Thyestes of Seneca, the tragic example of how a royal house is destroyed by violence from within. The image of the sick body, punctuating the play, stands for the sickness in the body politic. The dynamic of the play consists in moving the audience to see in Tirso’s reconfiguration of the biblical story the pathological condition of the State.

Páginas previas de Hipogrifo 4.1, 2016

Scipedia content — Wed, 13 Mar 2019 12:08:14 +0100

The «Certamen Contra Certamen»: a Literary Controversy in Late 17th Century Salamanca

Scipedia content — Wed, 13 Mar 2019 12:07:41 +0100

The festive background of late Baroque Spain has been until not long ago considerably ignored by the critics, which is why it has become mandatory to delve into the study of the various manifestations that arise in this period, like gallos, the vejamen or the justas poéticas. It is the case of the Justa poética sagrada, celebrated in Salamanca in 1691 to commemorate the canonization of san Juan de Sahagún and whose call cause the Certamen contra Certamen, a satirical reply and opposed to the event celebrated in the Colegio de San Bartolomé. This article aims to examine the printed documents which appears after the Certamen contra Certamen, as well the context which arises, as in the controversy emerged with the justa, considering that whose news, both contemporary and posterior are scarce.

Fray Julian Garces. The Defender of the Indians (1527-1542)

Scipedia content — Wed, 13 Mar 2019 12:07:24 +0100

Julian Garcés was the first bishop of Puebla de los Ángeles, playing a fundamental role in the founding of the new city, in a territory where the indigenous population was considerable and where the evangelization was just beginning. Despite his advanced age, fray Julian Garcés managed not only to found one of the most important cities of New Spain, but assisting in the protection of the natives, against the abuses of greedy conquerors. This research aims to show, by the historical and legal analysis and documentary technique, part of the work of this eminent prelate, who not only shape the city of Puebla de los Ángeles, but the protection of indigenous natives of the new world.

«Theater of Sorrows»: Rhetoric and Space in Francisco Romero's «Llanto Sagrado de la América Meridional»

Scipedia content — Wed, 13 Mar 2019 12:06:57 +0100

This article aims to analyze the text entitled Llanto sagrado de la América Meridional written by the Augustinian friar Francisco Romero. The work presents a kind of spiritual mapping of american land. Therefore, the text divides the territory of the continent according to their proximity or remoteness from the true faith. Our main objective will be to examine the rhetorical mechanisms that lie behind this description of the Indian space.

Review of Luis de Miranda, «Romance», ed. Silvia Tieffemberg, Madrid/Frankfurt/Pamplona, Iberoamericana/Vervuert/Universidad de Navarra, 2014, 196 pp. ISBN 978-84-8489-832-0

Scipedia content — Wed, 13 Mar 2019 12:06:46 +0100

Review of Luis de Miranda, Romance, ed. Silvia Tieffemberg, Madrid/Frankfurt/Pamplona, Iberoamericana/Vervuert/Universidad de Navarra, 2014, 196 pp. ISBN 978-84-8489-832-0

On the Inaccuracies of Calderón

Scipedia content — Wed, 13 Mar 2019 12:06:20 +0100

Analysing the errors committed by Calderón himself during his writing amplify the perspective on his complex composition process. The aim of this paper is to offer an initial approximation on autograph errors located in En la vida todo es verdad y todo mentira, La desdicha de la voz and Cada uno para sí. A first typology considering its production, its magnitude and its posterior survival is deduced from the examples exposed.

Góngora and his Lady. Another Go at «De pura honestidad templo sagrado»

Scipedia content — Wed, 13 Mar 2019 12:05:45 +0100

Giulia Poggi denies, in a recent study, that «De pura honestidad templo sagrado» describes the small sculpture of the Virgin of Villaviciosa in the Cathedral-Mosque of Córdoba, as suggested by me in 2010, and insists in the supposedly amatory character of the sonnet. In the following pages I demonstrate that neither of the two main arguments adduced by Poggi, a restrictive view of intertextuality, and an arbitrary summary of Pineda’s censorship comments, allow us to decide the point. Lastly, I indicate the comprehension mistakes of some lines of the sonnet by the Italian critic, which have led her astray; and I add some new factual information, related in part to Góngora’s converso condition, recently demonstrated, which strengthen the views that Poggi attempts to deny.

«Lope» by Andrucha Waddington: a biography of the «Fénix» for the silver screen

Scipedia content — Wed, 13 Mar 2019 12:05:16 +0100

Biopics of writers abound in cinema; however, of all the canonical Spanish Golden Age authors, only Lope’s biography has attracted cinematographic attention. In this paper we analyse the way the Fénix is presented in Lope, by Andrucha Waddington (2010), the last biopic of the author, in which reality and fiction intertwine to show the life of the «primer Lope». We show that the image of the poet in Waddington’s film is drawn from features created both by Lope himself and other authors, and that some of these particular features contribute to dilute the singularities of his life and personality.

Review of Tarifa Castilla, Mª José, «El convento de Nuestra Señora de la Victoria de Cascante», Cascante,VICUS, 2014, 221 pp., ISBN: 978-84-617-2795-7

Scipedia content — Wed, 13 Mar 2019 12:05:08 +0100

Review of Tarifa Castilla, Mª José, «El convento de Nuestra Señora de la Victoria de Cascante», Cascante,VICUS, 2014, 221 pp., ISBN: 978-84-617-2795-7

Review of Richard Parra, «La tiranía del Inca. El Inca Garcilaso y la escritura política en el Perú colonial (1568-1617)», Lima, Ediciones Copé, 2015, 508 pp., ISBN 978-6124-20-221-6

Scipedia content — Wed, 13 Mar 2019 12:05:00 +0100

Review of Richard Parra, «La tiranía del Inca. El Inca Garcilaso y la escritura política en el Perú colonial (1568-1617)», Lima, Ediciones Copé, 2015, 508 pp., ISBN 978-6124-20-221-6

A bibliographical, material, description of the «Buscón’s» editio «princeps»

Scipedia content — Wed, 13 Mar 2019 12:04:33 +0100

This article describes the Buscón’s editio princeps from a material point of view. Special attention is paid to the material examination of the busiest pages and of the emptiest pages. In the same way, this article studies the insertion of censorious and stylistic exclusive readings of the first edition. The information obtained shows that the variants due to ratio typographica were sporadic and irrelevant with regard to their meaning. Furthermore, it is possible that some exclusive variants of the first edition were introduced by the author, since they appear in other Quevedo’s works.

The Words not Translated in Titu Cusi Yupanqui's «Instrucción»

Scipedia content — Wed, 13 Mar 2019 12:03:49 +0100

This study examines textual evidence in Titu Cusi's Instrucción in order to review the mediation that fray Marcos Garcia had in the production of this document. From a critical analysis of certain textual marks, the author attempts to reflect on the translation process and measure the level of intervention that the European thought —that of the translator’s Marcos García— has over the native point of view (i.e., the author’s Titu Cusi). The analysis focuses on the study of the select group of quechua words that were maintained in the text and the reasons why they were not translated into Spanish. To frame the translation strategy used by Marcos García, historical aspects and current theory on the art of translation are considered. Also, the concept of monologism introduced by Bakhtin is reviewed in order to understand the ideology that prevails over the translator’s discourse.

Swordmanship as Mathematical Science: The Curious Case of Luis Pacheco de Narváez

Scipedia content — Wed, 13 Mar 2019 12:03:19 +0100

From the 15th century on, the practitioners of the mechanical arts obtain a new self-confidence and do no longer want to be regarded merely as manual workers. In this context, they frequently underline the mathematical basis of their discipline in order to increase its value from the status of a mechanical to that of a liberal art. In the Spanish golden age period, the military art, amongst others, is conceived as a mathematical discipline. A particularly curious case is the Libro de las grandezas de la espada (1600) whose author, Luis Pacheco de Narváez (1570-1640), propagates the art of swordsmanship, which he names «the true skill», as a science based on the disciplines of the quadrivium. The present article outlines the arguments applied by Pacheco in a preliminary chapter in order to prove the mathematical and scientific status of his discipline.

Review of Tirso de Molina, «Amar por arte mayor», edición crítica, estudio y notas de Enrique García Santo-Tomás, New York/Madrid/Pamplona, IDEA/IET, 2015, 176 pp. ISBN: 978-1-938795-01-5

Scipedia content — Wed, 13 Mar 2019 12:03:03 +0100

Review of Tirso de Molina, «Amar por arte mayor», edición crítica, estudio y notas de Enrique García Santo-Tomás, New York/Madrid/Pamplona, IDEA/IET, 2015, 176 pp. ISBN: 978-1-938795-01-5

Theatrical Companies, Textual Manipulation and Literary Authorship (Concerning Lope de Vega’s Tongue)

Scipedia content — Wed, 13 Mar 2019 12:01:32 +0100

In this paper I will study the presence and use of the words do, vide y vido in Lope de Vega’s works, by analyzing twenty seven critical editions based on Lopean holographs. The restricted and particular way in which Lope used these terms will allow me to identify passages from different plays that were surely manipulated, probably by directors of theatrical companies. By studying these examples, I will think about the need to analyze the vocabulary in order to prepare a critical edition and about the reliability and limits of the vocabulary as a method for determining the authorship of a Golden Age comedia.

A New Iconography? St. Teresa in New Spanish Art

Scipedia content — Wed, 13 Mar 2019 12:01:13 +0100

We analyze some works of art representing St. Teresa of Ávila, within the corpus of sermons, paintings and sculptures of the New Spain, to investigate its proximity or their uniqueness regarding the metropolis. We confront texts and images to enrich reading and show some artistic repertoires where he enrolled to the figure of the holy reformer of Carmel.

Review of Fray Toribio de Benavente, Motolinía, «Historia de los indios de la Nueva España», ed. Mercedes Serna y Bernat Castany, Madrid, Real Academia Española/Centro para la Edición de los Clásicos Españoles, 2014, 439 pp., ISBN 978-84-617-0715-74

Scipedia content — Wed, 13 Mar 2019 12:01:05 +0100

Review of Fray Toribio de Benavente, Motolinía, «Historia de los indios de la Nueva España», ed. Mercedes Serna y Bernat Castany, Madrid, Real Academia Española/Centro para la Edición de los Clásicos Españoles, 2014, 439 pp., ISBN 978-84-617-0715-74

Linguistic Variation or Copyist Error?

Scipedia content — Wed, 13 Mar 2019 12:00:58 +0100

This article, embedded in the field of Philology —with an historical approach and a linguistic viewpoint— and in the history of the Spanish language, discusses the acceptability of the examples presented as copyist errors in two of the most renowned manuals in Spanish textual criticism, namely, Manual de crítica textual (1983, 2001) by Alberto Blecua, and La edición de textos (2011) by Miguel Ángel Pérez Priego (for Pérez Priego, see Arellano’s observations in his review, 1997). The analysis of the cases and their documentation from different sources —critical editions and metalinguistic works— enables the conclusion that several of the so-called errors in these manuals are in fact legitimate, historically-documented linguistic variations, although some of them being scarcely testified.

Review of Alessandro Martinengo, Al margen de Quevedo. Paisajes naturales. Paisajes textuales, New York, IDEA, 2015, 158 pp. ISBN: 978-1-938795-10-7

Scipedia content — Wed, 13 Mar 2019 12:00:50 +0100

Review of Alessandro Martinengo, Al margen de Quevedo. Paisajes naturales. Paisajes textuales, New York, IDEA, 2015, 158 pp. ISBN: 978-1-938795-10-7

Pirate Alterity and Mimesis in Colonial Epic Poetry

Scipedia content — Wed, 13 Mar 2019 12:00:43 +0100

Pirate representation is studied in a series of Epic poems in the late sixteenth century and early seventeenth century. The ambiguous image of the English enemy is read in texts by Juan de Miramontes, Pedro de Oña, Martín del Barco Centenera and Juan de Castellanos, among others. On the one hand, Colonial Epic ignores some important differences between privateers and pirates since the privateering had been legally accepted by all European nations, including Spain. Besides, Pirate is always called «Lutheran» and revealing its absolute otherness with respect to the Catholic model. On the other hand, it proposes a laudatory epics enemy painting from the imitation of the values accepted by the colonial society. The relationship between the Spanish hero and the privateer is represented not in a vertical direction, as could happen between colonizer and colonized subject, but on a level of rivalry.

The Mystical Suspension

Scipedia content — Wed, 13 Mar 2019 12:00:31 +0100

Mistical suspension, silence, time, absolute, ontology, ineffability, aletheiaIn the mystical ecstasy there is a sensorial and intellectual suspension when contemplating the absolute, the ontological Being. Silence is not only significant: it is revealing. The greatest expression of experience inner silence . The word is insufficient when the ontological reality is revealed. Revelation or truth , the Greek concept of aletheia, takes on greater significance in that transcendental experience. It is also suspended phenomenological time and remains eternity open.

Santa Teresa Relics: the Letter Preserved in the Convent of the Carmelitas Descalzas of Lima

Scipedia content — Wed, 13 Mar 2019 12:00:18 +0100

The purpose of this article is to present the letter signed by Santa Teresa de Jesús donated by the Bishop of Arequipa, Don Agustín Ugarte and Sarabia, for the foundation of the convent in 1643. This card will enable us to reflect on the role of relics in the Catholic world.

Political-Philosophical Perspectives about the Notions of Indian, Inca, and Mestizo on the «Comentarios reales de los Incas»

Scipedia content — Wed, 13 Mar 2019 11:59:55 +0100

This essay posits certain political-philosophical perspectives on the Inca Garcilaso de la Vega’s Primera parte de los Comentarios reales de los Incas (1609). To this purpose we will develop two hermeneutical movements. The first refers to a theoretical and methodological questioning related to the notion of Indian as a discursive construction during colonial times in the Andes area. The second deploys a critical exercise grounded on the interaction between the notions of Indian, Inca, and Mestizo, which is focused on how they build alternative subjectivities. Both movements consolidate an interpretation about the Inca Garcilaso’s political-philosophical reflections, remarking his proposals of a bifurcated modern civilizational project in the New World.

The Symbol of the Labyrinth in «Las moradas del castillo interior», by santa Teresa de Jesús

Scipedia content — Wed, 13 Mar 2019 11:59:21 +0100

The castle of Las moradas, by santa Teresa, has attracted the attention of scholars, who have tried to guess its sources. Also some artists have been interested on it and have made graphical representations. This article analyses the mystical castle of santa Teresa as a labyrinth, a symbol with different meanings, specially in occidental culture. This allegorical building presents some of the most important characteristics of the labyrinths, specifically those ones with a only path: the significance of the centre, the difficulty of the access to it and the transformation of the walker —in this case, the human soul— until the achievement of his goal, the union with God.

Architecture for a Charism: Discalced Carmelites and Designers of the Order in Spain

Scipedia content — Wed, 13 Mar 2019 11:58:39 +0100

The convent architecture of the Teresian Carmel developed over the centuries of the Early Modern Time (XVI-XVIII) was designed by friars of the Order, as brother Alberto de la Madre de Dios (1575-1635) or brother Alonso de San José (1600-1654). They used architectural models following the Carmelite charisma, regulations and purpose of the Order and under the assumptions of poverty, austerity, functionality and economy of means. Convents that were inserted into the existing urban planning of cities, and in some cases they even modified it, as the Discalced Carmelites complex of Pamplona (1640-1672) exemplifies. Buildings that through the distribution of space show the new style of life of Teresa, as the designs drawn in 1767 by brother José de San Juan de la Cruz for the Navarre nunnery of Lesaca reflect.

Images and Experiences of Viceroyalties’ Frontiers: Propositions for Re-readings of the Missionary World and Its Times through Explorations Log-books, Edifying Letters and Personal Correspondence

Scipedia content — Wed, 13 Mar 2019 11:58:32 +0100

In this paper we propose a re-reading of three types of texts in which the 17th and 18th century Jesuit missionaries in the New World described their experiences as missionaries as well as explorers, but also their personal views and feelings. We expect that such re-readings of their testimonies of the work and life in the missions would help build a richer and more complex image of the missionary life than that based on the grand narrative.

News about Alonso González de Nájera and the Edition of «Desengaño y reparo de la guerra del Reino de Chile» (1614)

Scipedia content — Wed, 13 Mar 2019 11:58:25 +0100

This article is a preview to the critical edition and annotated text of Desengaño y reparo de la guerra del reino de Chile (1614), by Alonso González de Nájera. Not only the few known facts about the authorʼs life are reviewed: there is also new biographical information about him and his family, such as his birth certificate, which shows that he was born in Cuenca in 1556. Similarly, some relevant discoveries which respect to the publication of the text are presented. As for the preliminary study that will accompany the edition, its main guidelines are described: the attempt to understand the author and his text in the European context of the Pax Hispánica promoted by Felipe III, as expressed in the «Guerra defensiva»ˮ strategy that it was developed and implemented by the Jesuits in Chileʼs territory; also aims to define the typology of this unclassifiable text, focusing in its «arbitristas»ˮ features, with two important dimensions to be considered: on the one hand, the call to desengaño (it is necessary to unveil the truth about the war against Mapuches); on the other, as it proposes specific solutions, the reparo or remedy dimension (war can be won if appropriate measures are taken).

Mysticism, Psychiatry, and Myth: Surveying a Hundred Years of Theresianism in Spain (1861-1963)

Scipedia content — Wed, 13 Mar 2019 11:58:00 +0100

This selective survey of the studies on Saint Theresa in Spain between 1861 and 1963 focuses on how and why this saint proved so acceptable to non-Catholic quarters, and could even portray values opposite to that tradition. Two main instances: Américo Castro makes it necessary to approach her writings strictly as literary texts. A rejoinder to Francoism by novelist Ramón J. Sender in 1963 makes saint Theresa a concealed opponent of king Philip II and the traditional Spain.

Santa Teresa of Jesus as Example for the Novo Hispanic Mystics. The Work of Alonso Ramos about Catarina de San Juan

Scipedia content — Wed, 13 Mar 2019 11:57:35 +0100

The life and work of Santa Teresa of Jesus had a great influence on the New Spain spiritual atmosphere by enabling a more intimate and direct relationship of women with God and contribute to the proliferation of nuns and beatified. In the Wonders of the Omnipotence and Miracles of the Grace in the life of the Venerable Servant of God Catharina of San Joan, Alonso Ramos writes the biography of Catarina of San Juan, a free slave considered saint, to whom in many passages compares with Santa Teresa. The purpose of Ramos was to create a female life model based on Teresian spirituality and values.

«Obra toda tejida de una admirable variedad de cosas»: the ekphrasis in «El Bernardo» of Balbuena

Scipedia content — Wed, 13 Mar 2019 11:57:28 +0100

The ekphrasis has attracted the recent literary criticism as a key for poetic interpretation. We will check her particular presence in El Bernardo of Balbuena, noted by Frank Pierce, together with La Araucana and La Cristíada, as one of the three great Spanish epic poems. In this baroque poem, the ekphrasis will achieve the greater development in the genre becoming a major articulator of the text. Being a sample of a literary period where the action, the narrative progress, loses relevance in favor to other literary elements, as the descriptive.

Heteroglossia and Discoursive Traditions: the Burlesque Style in Barco Centenera’s Epic Poem Argentina

Scipedia content — Wed, 13 Mar 2019 11:57:22 +0100

The aim of this paper is to analyze the burlesque style in Martin del Barco Centenera’s epic poem Argentina y conquista del Río de la Plata. In the first place, the notion of «discoursive traditions» is treated to give a wide framing to the text. Then, the concept of heteroglossia is analyzed and commented its use in the poem, regarding the use of anecdotes and three burlesque resources: irony, satire and grotesque. All these features enjoy the poem´s didactic style and intention of the work, becoming a text wich is new somehow to this tradition.

Litanic Tradition in Lope de Vega’s Works

Scipedia content — Wed, 13 Mar 2019 11:56:40 +0100

At the time of the Counter-Reformation the litanies of the Virgin, of the Holy Name of Jesus and of the Blessed Sacrament play an important role in the liturgical field, but also serve as inspiration for religious poets such as Lope de Vega. In order to determine the influence of these prayers in Lope’s verses we apply in this article two compatible research methods proposed by José Lebrero Fradejas and Witold Sadowski, the «litanic form» and the «litanic verse» respectively, that imply the analysis of their formal structure and content. We also focus on the poet’s deep knowledge of the mariological, christological and eucharistic tradition, that reflect his devotional compositions.

Hernán Cortés’ Tears in the Historia verdadera by Bernal Díaz del Castillo

Scipedia content — Wed, 13 Mar 2019 11:56:33 +0100

This article analyzes the function of Hernán Cortés’ tears in the Historia verdadera by Bernal Díaz del Castillo. Some critics have read Cortés’ weeping as a sign of weakness. Actually, the tears of the hero are a manifestation that links the figure of the conqueror —and by extension the whole text— to the classical epic tradition, as well as to an incipient concept of tragedy.

The Hermeneutical Horizon and the Ethnohistoric Value in the Philological Annotation of the «Libro de los ritos» (1579) Written by friar Diego Durán (OP)

Scipedia content — Wed, 13 Mar 2019 11:56:24 +0100

The following discussion offers a panorama of the hermeneutical horizon from which the philological annotation apparatus of the Libro de los ritos critical edition was created. The book, written by the Dominican friar Diego Durán in 1579, describes the religious life of the Nahua people with emphasis in the Mexicas or Aztecs of the postclassical period. Also, this work offers some considerations about the ethnohistorical value of the Libro de los ritos and explains how this idea was used as a hypothesis to create the philological annotation apparatus of the critical edition. The value of the analysis of this experience is the contribution that it offers to the discussion between philologists about the proper methodology that must be used for the critical annotation of the Indian chronicles, documents that conserve the memory of the Native American people.

Narrative Models and Rhetorical Aspects of the Hagiographical Genre in the Historia eclesiástica indiana, by Jerónimo de Mendieta

Scipedia content — Wed, 13 Mar 2019 11:56:18 +0100

After an introductory discussion of textual issues of the Historia eclesiástica indiana, the article studies certain rhetorical aspects of this chronicle: the abundant biographies of Franciscan friars who lived and preached in the New World, and the abundant use of miracles, supernatural visions and divine revelations. Mendieta also describes several instances of martyrdom of missionary friars. Finally, Mendieta uses the image of childlike innocence to describe Indians as genus angelicum.

Indigenous women in Spanish American Historic Epic Poetry

Scipedia content — Wed, 13 Mar 2019 11:56:11 +0100

Epic poetry has always been considered a masculine genre. The eruption of a group identity, masculine, white, aristocratic and christian, is the result of the representation and the exclusion of the Other, fictitious and singular, but in fact composed of a variety of ethnic groups, origins, sex, genders, religions and different degrees between fiction and historicity. Indeed, in the historical epic poetry which narrated the Conquest, except for the conquistadors listed at length and the indigenous kings and caciques, only few characters are distinguished by a historical individualisation. The Other, Amerindian and female, makes a shy entrance into history, into singularity, into the (historical and christian) truth. It is the case of interpreters: Malinche and India Catalina, only historical native women that appear as part of the narrative plot as well as in the conquest enterprise in the poems of Lasso de la Vega (Cortés valeroso y Mexicana, Mexicana), of Juan de Castellanos (Elegías de varones ilustres de Indias) and of Saavedra Guzmán (El peregrino indiano).

Edition and Traslation of the «Carta a lord Burghley» by Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa

Scipedia content — Wed, 13 Mar 2019 11:56:04 +0100

In the following article we present an unpublished and unknown text of Galician discoverer Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa. The letter, wrote in Latin, was send to Lord Burghley, the first minister of Elizabeth Tudor. Its content links chro-nicles and legends of Spain and Galicia to the genealogy of Sarmiento de Gamboa. Here, we offer the biographical context of the letter, a brief study of the sources, apart from the transcription of the original and the translation of the text into Spanish.

Lope de Vega and the Meanings of Book Ownership

Scipedia content — Wed, 13 Mar 2019 11:55:57 +0100

Lope de Vega’s late poem «Ayer vi la librería» appears at first sight to be a laudatory description of King Felipe IV’s personal library. Upon close inspection, and within the broader context of book history in Spain, the poem brings to light a quiet ambivalence about book ownership. This is related at once to Lope’s own disappointments with the Monarchy and the contradictory attitudes to the functions of books in Spain in the XVIIth century.

Arabic Origin of an Unique Tale in Juan de Robles’ Works

Scipedia content — Wed, 13 Mar 2019 11:55:50 +0100

Despite of the influence of the Arabic literary models and themes they were relegated into the background after the Middle Ages; nevertheless it is possible to trace those elements in the oral and written literature during the Golden Ages. An example of this influence could be the tale wrote by Juan de Robles included in his work entitled Tardes del Alcázar. This article turns on his Arabic origins and shows up his nearest antecedent in the Iberian Peninsula, which is the starting point of our comparative study within the Robles version of the tale.

Violence and Versification in «Renegado, rey y mártir» by Cristóbal de Morales

Scipedia content — Wed, 13 Mar 2019 11:55:44 +0100

A current tendency in Spanish Golden Age theatre studies is dramatic segmentation. In this sense, we must emphasize Marc Vitseʼs methodology, which suggests structuring the play according to the versification changes. We are going to put into practice this theory with a work by an unknown playwright: Renegado, rey y mártir by Cristóbal de Morales. We will verify that versification does actually help when dividing and hierarchising the different moments of the play. At Renegado, rey y mártir violence is important due to the fact that it causes the strophic changes and structures the plot.

Authority and innovation in Luis de Zapata’s Ars poetica translation

Scipedia content — Wed, 13 Mar 2019 11:55:37 +0100

Horace’ Ars poetica experienced up to four different Spanish translations, adaptations and/or scholium in the last decade of the 16th century: Vicente Espinel’s (1591), Luis de Zapata’s (1592), Juan Villén de Viedma’s (1599) and Jaime Juan Falcó’s (1600). Luis de Zapata’s translation, published in Lisbon, tried to be the most faithful to the original Latin version and also it tried to respect, as far as possible, Horace’s main use of language theory. Zapata’s idea on the translation process anticipates some further ideas which did not yet have strong roots in Spain. His translation foreshadows some of them but they did not find too much enthusiasm among his contemporaries. This paper aims to review this largely unknown Horatian translation.

The Long History of the «Tesoro de las dos lenguas española y francesa» of César Oudin (ed. princeps: 1607): Between Authority and Innovation

Scipedia content — Wed, 13 Mar 2019 11:55:30 +0100

The purpose of this work is to examine the long history of the Tesoro de las dos lenguas española y francesa by César Oudin, eight editions of which were published between 1607 and 1675. Our research shows that the French hispanist used a considerable number of lexicographical sources, which were earlier authoritative works of reference. These were the dictionaries by Nebrija, Cristóbal de las Casas, Heinrich Hornkens and Jean Palet. However, Oudin enriched these sources to such a point that his Tesoro… became an innovative piece of work which, in its turn, would later become a model for a great many lexicographers such as Lorenzo Franciosini, César-Joachim Trognesius, Arnaldo De la Porte, Nicolas Mez de Braidenbach and Francisco Sobrino. This is the reason why César Oudin’s dictionary can be definitly said to pertain to the authority of tradition while also relating to the power of innovation.

The Letters and Memorials Written by Alonso de Medina: Is It Possible to Speak of a «Sense of the Creole» During the XVIth Century?

Scipedia content — Wed, 13 Mar 2019 11:55:23 +0100

The article suggests that an early «creole identity» can be observed in some of the early colonizers of the Viceroyalty of Peru. Following the argument elaborated by José Antonio Mazzotti regarding the presence of a proto-creole identity that preceded the creoles in the Andean region, and seeing indigenismo , (understanding indigenismo as a «current of opinion favorable to the Indians» as Henri Favre defines the movement) as one of the characteristics of this proto-creole identity , this article tries to find in the letters and memorials written by Alonso de Medina hints of this identity, which can be perceived in the constant preoccupation for the well-being of the indigenous population depicted in his letters and memorials.

On the issue that Finite Element discretizations violate, nodally, Clausius’s postulate of the second law of thermodynamics

María Jesús Samper — Fri, 08 Mar 2019 11:12:32 +0100

Discretization processes leading to numerical schemes sometimes produce undesirable effects. One potentially serious problem is that a discretization may produce the loss of validity of some of the physical principles or mathematical properties originally present in the continuous equation. Such loss may lead to uncertain results such as numerical instabilities or unexpected non-physical solutions. As a consequence, the compatibility of a discrete formulation with respect to intrinsic physical principles might be essential for the success of a numerical scheme. This paper addresses such type of issue. Its main objective is to demonstrate that standard Finite Element discretizations of the heat conduction equation violate Clausius’s postulate of the second law of thermodynamics, at nodal level. The problem occurs because non-physical, reversed nodal heat-fluxes arise in such discretizations. Conditions for compatibility of discrete nodal heat-fluxes with respect to Clausius’s postulate are derived here and named discrete thermodynamic compatibility conditions (DTCC). Simple numerical examples are presented to show the undesirable consequences of such failure. It must be pointed out that such DTCCs have previously appeared in the context of the study of the conditions that make discrete solutions to satisfy the discrete maximum principle (DMP). However, the present article does not put attention on such mathematical principle but on the satisfaction of a fundamental physical one: the second law of thermodynamics. Of course, from the presented point of view, it is clear that the violation of such fundamental law will cause, among different problems, the violation of the DMP.

General treatment of essential boundary conditions in reduced order models for non-linear problems

María Jesús Samper — Fri, 08 Mar 2019 11:01:43 +0100

Inhomogeneous essential boundary conditions must be carefully treated in the formulation of Reduced Order Models (ROMs) for non-linear problems. In order to investigate this issue, two methods are analysed: one in which the boundary conditions are imposed in an strong way, and a second one in which a weak imposition of boundary conditions is made. The ideas presented in this work apply to the big realm of a posteriori ROMs. Nevertheless, an a posteriori hyper-reduction method is specifically considered in order to deal with the cost associated to the non-linearity of the problems. Applications to nonlinear transient heat conduction problems with temperature dependent thermophysical properties and time dependent essential boundary conditions are studied. However, the strategies introduced in this work are of general application.

An assessment of the potential of PFEM-2 for solving long real-time industrial applications

María Jesús Samper — Thu, 07 Mar 2019 11:36:36 +0100

The latest generation of the particle finite element method (PFEM-2) is a numerical method based on the Lagrangian formulation of the equations, which presents advantages in terms of robustness and efficiency over classical Eulerian methodologies when certain kind of flows are simulated, especially those where convection plays an important role. These situations are often encountered in real engineering problems, where very complex geometries and operating conditions require very large and long computations. The advantages that the parallelism introduced in the computational fluid dynamics making affordable computations with very fine spatial discretizations are well known. However, it is not possible to have the time parallelized, despite the effort that is being dedicated to use space–time formulations. In this sense, PFEM-2 adds a valuable feature in that its strong stability with little loss of accuracy provides an interesting way of satisfying the real-life computation needs. After having already demonstrated in previous publications its ability to achieve academic-based solutions with a good compromise between accuracy and efficiency, in this work, the method is revisited and employed to solve several nonacademic problems of technological interest, which fall into that category. Simulations concerning oil–water separation, waste-water treatment, metallurgical foundries, and safety assessment are presented. These cases are selected due to their particular requirements of long simulation times and or intensive interface treatment. Thus, large time-steps may be employed with PFEM-2 without compromising the accuracy and robustness of the simulation, as occurs with Eulerian alternatives, showing the potentiality of the methodology for solving not only academic tests but also real engineering problems.

A multiresolution strategy for solving landslides using the Particle Finite Element Method

María Jesús Samper — Mon, 04 Mar 2019 13:36:00 +0100

We present an approach for the simulation of landslides using the Particle Finite Element Method of the second generation. In this work, the multiphase nature (granular phase and water) of the phenomenon is considered in a staggered fashion using a single, indeformable Finite Element mesh. A fractional step and a monolithic strategy are used for the water flow and granular phase, respectively. In this way, the maximum accuracy with minimal computational times is reached. The method is completed by adding the interaction terms due to drag and pressure forces, together with a moving mesh strategy to reduce the size of the computational domain.

An embedded strategy for the analysis of fluid structure interaction problems

María Jesús Samper — Thu, 14 Feb 2019 13:45:27 +0100

A Navier–Stokes solver based on Cartesian structured finite volume discretization with embedded bodies is presented. Fluid structure interaction with solid bodies is performed with an explicit partitioned strategy. The Navier–Stokes equations are solved in the whole domain via a Semi-Implicit Method for Pressure Linked Equations (SIMPLE) using a colocated finite volume scheme, stabilized via the Rhie–Chow discretization. As uniform Cartesian grids are used, the solid interface usually do not coincide with the mesh, and then a second order Immersed Boundary Method is proposed, in order to avoid the loss of precision due to the staircase representation of the surface. This fact also affects the computation of fluid forceson the solid wall and, accordingly, the results in the fluid–structure analysis. In the present work, first and second order approximations for computing the fluid forces at the interface are studied and compared. The solver is specially oriented to General Purpose Graphic Processing Units (GPGPU) hardware and the efficiency is discussed. Moreover, a novel submerged buoy experiment is also reported. The experiment consists of a sphere with positive buoyancy fully submerged in a cubic tank, subject to harmonic displacements imposed by a shake table. The sphere is attached to the bottom of the tank with a string. The position of the buoy is determined from video records with a Motion Capture algorithm. The obtained amplitude and phase curves allow a precise determination of the added mass and drag forces. Due to this aspect the experimental data can be of interest for comparison with other fluid–structure interaction codes. Finally, the numerical results are compared with the experiments, and allow the confirmation of the numerically predicted drag and added mass of the body.

Combination of a non-local damage model for quasi-brittle materials with a mesh-adaptive finite element technique

María Jesús Samper — Wed, 23 Jan 2019 12:41:19 +0100

Progressive fracture in quasi-brittle materials is often treated via strain softening models in continuum damage mechanics. Such constitutive relations favour spurious strain localization and ill-posedness of boundary value problems. The introduction of non-local damage models together with a characteristic length parameter controlling the size of the fracture process zone is known to regularize the problem. In order to account for the non-locality of these models, it is crucial to work with fine spatial discretizations at the damage progress zone. In this paper we present a non-local damage model in combination with a mesh-adaptive finite element technique that can help automatize the analysis of progressive fracture problems in an efficient manner. Classical two-dimensional examples are given to illustrate the presented approach.

The Double Hierarchy Method. A parallel 3D contact method for the interaction of spherical particles with rigid FE boundaries using the DEM

María Jesús Samper — Fri, 11 Jan 2019 13:20:42 +0100

In this work, we present a new methodology for the treatment of the contact interaction between rigid boundaries and spherical discrete elements (DE). Rigid body parts are present in most of large-scale simulations. The surfaces of the rigid parts are commonly meshed with a finite element-like (FE) discretization. The contact detection and calculation between those DE and the discretized boundaries is not straightforward and has been addressed by different approaches. The algorithm presented in this paper considers the contact of the DEs with the geometric primitives of a FE mesh, i.e. facet, edge or vertex. To do so, the original hierarchical method presented by Horner et al. (J Eng Mech 127(10):1027–1032, 2001) is extended with a new insight leading to a robust, fast and accurate 3D contact algorithm which is fully parallelizable. The implementation of the method has been developed in order to deal ideally with triangles and quadrilaterals. If the boundaries are discretized with another type of geometries, the method can be easily extended to higher order planar convex polyhedra. A detailed description of the procedure followed to treat a wide range of cases is presented. The description of the developed algorithm and its validation is verified with several practical examples. The parallelization capabilities and the obtained performance are presented with the study of an industrial application example.

Velocity‐based formulations for standard and quasi‐incompressible hypoelastic‐plastic solids

María Jesús Samper — Thu, 20 Dec 2018 11:25:48 +0100

We present three velocity‐based updated Lagrangian formulations for standard and quasi‐incompressible hypoelastic‐plastic solids. Three low‐order finite elements are derived and tested for non‐linear solid mechanics problems. The so‐called V‐element is based on a standard velocity approach, while a mixed velocity–pressure formulation is used for the VP and the VPS elements. The two‐field problem is solved via a two‐step Gauss–Seidel partitioned iterative scheme. First, the momentum equations are solved in terms of velocity increments, as for the V‐element. Then, the constitutive relation for the pressure is solved using the updated velocities obtained at the previous step. For the VPS‐element, the formulation is stabilized using the finite calculus method in order to solve problems involving quasi‐incompressible materials. All the solid elements are validated by solving two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional benchmark problems in statics as in dynamics.

Surface tension problems solved with the Particle Finite Element Method using large time-steps

María Jesús Samper — Thu, 27 Sep 2018 10:32:26 +0200

In previous works [1,2], the authors have presented a highly efficient extension of the Particle Finite Element Method, called PFEM-2, to solve two-phase flows. The methodology which uses X-IVS [3] to treat convection terms allowing large time-steps was validated for problems where the gravity forces and/or the inertial forces dominate the flow. Although that is the target range of problems to solve with PFEM-2, most of real problems that fall in these categories also includes other flow regimes in certain regions of the domain. Maybe the most common secondary regime is when the surface tension dominates, as an example when drops or bubbles are released from the main flow, and this feature must be taken into account in any complete numerical strategy. Attending to that, in this work the treatment of the surface tension to PFEM-2 is included. An implicit CSF methodology is employed together with a coupling between the marker function with a Level Set function to obtain a smooth representation of the normal of the interface which allows an accurate curvature calculation. Examples for curvature calculation and isolated bubbles and drops are presented where the accuracy and the computational efficiency are analyzed and contrasted with other numerical methodologies. Finally, a simulation of a jet atomization is analyzed. This case presents the above mentioned features: it is a inertia-dominant flow with a surface tension phenomena on drops and ligaments break up that can not be neglected.

Modelado de Multifractura Discreta en Materiales Quasi-Frágiles Monografía

Scipedia content — Thu, 17 May 2018 10:58:02 +0200

In this work, a new modal reanalysis algorithm based on AMLS method is proposed for local, nontop ological,high rank modifications. Instead of using some perturbation technique[44, 85] or using the Kirsch
Combined method[223, 226], the proposed reanalysis procedure uses AMLS method to perform the reanalysisexp lo itin g the concept of substructure. The modification affects a particular path on the hierarchical partitiontree, which traces back from the modified nodes to the root node. In our proposed modal reanalysis algorithmonly the modified substructures and affected substructures due to the propagation need to be recalculated.

This algorithm can significantly improve the efficiency compared to the full recalculation. Some of the
advantages are:

1. Larger substructure size increases moderately the accurate of the AMLS method. For medium substructure
size, the efficiency of AMLS method can be improved using a sparse linear solver and sparse eigen
solver.
2. If the modified substructures are recalculated using exact method, the reanalysis does not affect the
precision of the final results by AMLS method. The eigen-values computed are accurate as the precision
of AMLS method is.
3. The amplitude of modification is not limited to small modification change, as being required by approximate
method.
4. It is only required to identify the corresponding modified and affected sub-structures for performing the
recalculation and save the data of the non-modified sub-structures. In the worst case, the computational
cost is no more than the fresh AMLS-solution.
5. It is more suitable for large-scale eigen value problem with local high-rank modifications.

Numerical modelling of the growth and remodelling phenomena in biological tissues

María Jesús Samper — Tue, 27 Feb 2018 15:01:21 +0100

Living biological tissues are complex structures that have the capacity of evolving
in response to external loads and environmental stimuli. The adequate modelling
of soft biological tissue behaviour is a key issue in successfully reproducing
biomechanical problems through computational analysis.
This study presents a general constitutive formulation capable of representing
the behaviour of these tissues through finite element simulation. It is based on
phenomenological models that, used in combination with the generalized mixing
theory, can numerically reproduce a wide range of material behaviours.
First, the passive behaviour of tissues is characterized by means of hyperelastic
and finite-strain damage models. A generalized damage model is proposed,
providing a flexible and versatile formulation that can reproduce a wide range of
tissue behaviour. It can be particularized to any hyperelastic model and requires
identifying only two material parameters. Then, the use of these constitutive
models with generalized mixing theory in a nite strain framework is described
and tools to account for the anisotropic behaviour of tissues are put forth.
The active behaviour of tissues is characterized through constitutive models
capable of reproducing the growth and remodelling phenomena. These are built
on the hyperelastic and damage formulations described above and, thus, represent
the active extension of the passive tissue behaviour. A growth model considering
biological availability is used and extended to include directional growth. In addition,
a novel constitutive model for homeostatic-driven turnover remodelling is
presented and discussed. This model captures the stiffness recovery that occurs
in healing tissues, understood as a recovery or reversal of damage in the tissue,
which is driven by both mechanical and biochemical stimuli.
Finally, the issue of correctly identifying the material parameters for computational
modelling is addressed. An inverse method using optimization techniques
is developed to facilitate the identification of these parameters.

Computational fluid dynamics indicators to improve cardiovascular pathologies diagnosis

María Jesús Samper — Thu, 01 Feb 2018 15:41:04 +0100

In recent years, the study of computational hemodynamics within anatomically complex vascular regions has generated great interest among clinicians. The progress in computational fluid dynamics, image processing and high-performance computing have allowed us to identify the candidate vascular regions for the appearance of cardiovascular diseases and to predict how this disease may evolve. In this monograph we attempt to introduce into medicine the computational predictive paradigm that has been used in engineering for many years. Several groups have tried to create predictive models for cardiovascular pathologies, but they have not yet begun to use them in clinical practice. Our final aim is to go further and obtain predictive variables to be used in the clinical field.

We try to predict the evolution of aortic abdominal aneurysm, aortic coarctation and coronary artery disease in a personalized way for each patient. We propose diagnostic indicators that can improve the diagnosis and predict the evolution of the disease more efficiently than the methods used until now. In particular, a new methodology for computing diagnostic indicators based on computational hemodynamics and medical imaging is proposed. We have worked with data of anonymous patients to create real predictive technology that will allow us to continue advancing in personalized medicine and generate a more sustainable health systems. The objective of this monograph is therefore to develop predictive models for cardiovascular pathologies by merging medical imaging and computational techniques at a clinical level.

It is expected in the near future that larger databases of patient-specific computational models will be available to doctors. These data can be used with predictive models to improve diagnosis and to define personalized therapies and treatments.

Advances in the DEM and coupled DEM and FEM techniques in non linear solid mechanics

Scipedia content — Fri, 24 Nov 2017 09:15:59 +0100

In this chapter we present recent advances in the Discrete Element Method (DEM) and in the coupling of the DEM with the Finite Element Method (FEM) for solving a variety of problems in non linear solid mechanics involving damage, plasticity and multifracture situations.

Application of an enhanced discrete element method to oil and gas drilling processes

Scipedia content — Tue, 21 Nov 2017 13:25:16 +0100

The authors present results on the use of the discrete element method (DEM) for the simulation of drilling processes typical in the oil and gas exploration industry. The numerical method uses advanced DEM techniques using a local deﬁnition of the DEM parameters and combined FEM-DEM procedures. This paper presents a step by step procedure to build a DEM model for analysis of the soil region coupled to a FEM model for discretizing the drilling tool that reproduces the drilling mechanics of a particular drill bit. A parameter study has been performed to determine the model parameters in order to maintain accurate solutions with reduced computational cost.

An accurate FIC-FEM formulation for the 1D advection-diffusion-reaction equation

Scipedia content — Tue, 21 Nov 2017 13:01:35 +0100

In this paper we present an accurate stabilized FIC-FEM formulation for the 1D advection-diffusion-reaction equation in the exponential and propagation regimes using two stabilization parameters. Both the steady-state and transient solutions are considered. The stabilized formulation is based on the standard Galerkin FEM solution of the governing differential equations derived via the Finite Increment Calculus (FIC) method. The steady-state problem is considered first. The optimal value of the two stabilization parameters ensuring an exact (nodal) FEM solution using uniform meshes of linear 2-noded elements is obtained. In the absence of the absorption term the formulation simplifies to the standard one-parameter Petrov-Galerkin method for the advection-diffusion problem. For the diffusion-reaction case one stabilization parameter is just needed and the diffusion-type stabilization term is identical to that obtained by Felippa and O˜ nate [16] using a variational FIC approach. A procedure for computing the stabilization parameters for the transient problem is proposed. The accuracy of the new FIC-FEM formulation is demonstrated in the solution of steady-state and transient 1D advection-diffusion-radiation problems for a the range of physical parameters and boundary conditions. Finally we outline the procedure to extend the 1D FIC-FEM formulation to multidimensions.

A FEM-DEM technique for studying the motion of particles in non-Newtonian fluids. Application to the transport of drill cuttings in wellbores

Scipedia content — Tue, 21 Nov 2017 12:44:56 +0100

We present a procedure for coupling the finite element method (FEM) and the discrete element method (DEM) for analysis of the motion of particles in non-Newtonian fluids. Particles are assumed to be spherical and immersed in the fluid mesh. A new method for computing the drag force on the particles in a non-Newtonian fluid is presented. A drag force correction for non-spherical particles is proposed. The FEM-DEM coupling procedure is explained for Eulerian and Lagrangian flows and the basic expressions of the discretized solution algorithm are given. The usefulness of the FEM-DEM technique is demonstrated in its application to the transport of drill cuttings in wellbores.

Unified Lagrangian formulation for solid and fluid mechanics and FSI problems

Scipedia content — Tue, 21 Nov 2017 12:37:55 +0100

We present a Lagrangian monolithic strategy for solving fluid-structure interaction (FSI) problems. The formulation is called Unified because fluids and solids are solved using the same solution scheme and unknown variables. The method is based on a mixed velocity-pressure formulation. Each time step increment is solved via an iterative partitioned two-step procedure. The Particle Finite Element Method (PFEM) is used for solving the fluid parts of the domain, while for the solid ones the Finite Element Method (FEM) is employed. Both velocity and pressure fields are interpolated using linear shape functions. For quasiincompressible materials, the solution scheme is stabilized via the Finite Calculus (FIC) method. The stabilized elements for quasi-incompressible hypoelastic solids and Newtonian fluids are called VPS/S-element and VPS/F-element, respectively. Other two non-stabilized elements are derived for hypoelastic solids. One is based on a Velocity formulation (V-element) and the other on a mixed Velocity-Pressure scheme (VP-element). The algorithms for coupling the solid elements with the VPS/F fluid element are explained in detail. The Unified formulation is validated by solving benchmark FSI problems and by comparing the numerical solution to the ones published in the literature.

Finite increment calculus (FIC). A framework for deriving enhanced computational methods in mechanics

Scipedia content — Tue, 21 Nov 2017 12:37:33 +0100

In this paper we present an overview of the possibilities of the ﬁnite increment calculus (FIC) approach for deriving computational methods in mechanics with improved numerical properties for stability and accuracy. The basic concepts of the FIC procedure are presented in its application to problems of advection-diﬀusion-reaction, ﬂuid mechanics and ﬂuid-structure interaction solved with the ﬁnite element method (FEM). Examples of the good features of the FIC/FEM technique for solving some of these problems are given. A brief outline of the possibilities of the FIC/FEM approach for error estimation and mesh adaptivity is given.

Strengthening concrete beams with fiberglass reinforced polymer layers

Scipedia content — Fri, 30 Jun 2017 08:56:45 +0200

Through this article the study being done at the Faculty of Engineering of Rosario, referring to the use of sheets pultruded Reinforced Polymer Fiberglass (GRP) to increase the bending strength of reinforced concrete beams is presented, THESE layers are one of the elements of compound materials most commonly used in these type of reinforcements. The material most widely distributed worldwide that constitutes it is the carbon fibers, but its high cost discourages the use in the repair of structures in the Argentine market. One of the goals of this research program is to check the possibility of replacing such sheets by fiberglass elements of Argentinean production and significantly cheaper. The results of the tests demonstrated the feasibility of this alternative. In addition, the increased thickness of the sheets of fiberglass allows the use of additional bolted anchors, which give the system supporting capacity post critical and ductility, much needed features, for example, for structures in seismic zone.

Overview of I Research Day Civil Engineering and Urban Planning UCLA 2015

Scipedia content — Fri, 30 Jun 2017 08:54:22 +0200

Through this essay, the events of the First Day of Civil Engineering Research and Urban Planning 2015 UCLA are detailed which was developed during the 15 and 16 of March 2016, in the premises of the school of Civil Engineering, of the Universidad Centroccidental Lisandro Alvarado. Papers Allusive to research related to civil engineering, specifically in the areas of structures, water and wastewater, construction engineering, and applied to engineering education, were presented. With a total of fourteen approved presentations and four lectures given by experts in the different topics addressed

Mobile technology in civil engineering programs

Scipedia content — Fri, 30 Jun 2017 08:54:19 +0200

Today it is evident the use of technologies in all activities people do, becoming an inevitable phenomena socially, at work and educational. In terms of work, one can see how companies are using technologies as tools to do many activities inside and outside of it like the use of mobile dispositive enhancing new managerial models like the company mobility. The new organizational models are making civil engineering programs to point out the skills students should have during a professional training in order to fulfill in an organization with a company mobility model. It is also important to consider the competences of students that have been conceived by the effect of technological developments, where you can see Students that use and receive information in a very fast way, prefer and plan networking, apply and multitask parallel processes, and are able to handle any devices, in special Mobile, among other attributes. These characteristics activate in students the BYOD Principle, which strengthen their technological skills within the university context, inducing students in civil engineering, to learn the culture of bringing their own device to the learning environment before being transferred to the employment context, important attribute Faced with the adoption of enterprise mobility model.

Rigid pavement design through structural dimensioning based in finite element method

Scipedia content — Fri, 30 Jun 2017 08:54:14 +0200

Mechanistic Methods are an excellent option when designing Structural Elements, due, among other things, to the precision simulating load conditions, the properties of the materials and support conditions. Depending on the nature of the situation to study, solving systems of equations generated from mathematical models of the phenomenon is often complex, these is why Numerical Methods are vital to get to these solutions. This research proposes the use of Finite Element Method to help in the structural dimensioning of rigid pavements, taking as example a stretch of the road network that is part of the Mass Transit System of Barquisimeto, Transbar, C.A (Transbarca). When getting the dimensioning of the pavement structure based on traffic information , conditions of foundation soil and the type of concrete used for the slab, according to the original project, the thickness of a rigid carpet was obtained similar to the one obtained when applying the AASHTO 86 Method. This Allows that the Method used in this research be validated when placed against the method most used in Venezuela for pavement design.

Rehabilitation of building affected by the Ecuador s earthquake of 16 april 2016 in the ULEAM

Scipedia content — Fri, 30 Jun 2017 08:54:10 +0200

After the earthquake of April 16, 2016 in Ecuador, the first building to be rehabilitated was the Faculty of Computer Science Campus of the University Laica Eloy Alfaro of Manabi (ULEAM), which had moderate damage in the walls due They were not straight and severe damage to the walls of the tier. For Reconstruction these walls were replaced that were made of block or brick with plaster walls flexible and lightweight. In this article it is presented the good behavior plaster walls had in contrast to the brick or block walls, detailing also, some constructive aspects on the correct way of installing. Finally, UN Spectral analysis of the structure was performed using the spectrum of the earthquake of April 16, 2016, magnitude 7.8, obtained in Manta. In the studied structure, lateral displacements and floors drifts were found. To associate with the latter value with the nonexistence of structural damage and solo moderate damage in the masonry of the classrooms and offices and Severe in the stands. Subsequently a new seismic analysis was made considering weight reduction by changing the material of the walls, determining the best seismic behavior UN.

Infrastructure, research and academia in trouble times

Scipedia content — Fri, 30 Jun 2017 08:54:06 +0200

Editorial: Infraestructuras, investigación y academia en tiempos revueltos

Design axial load in columns of concentrically braced frames

Scipedia content — Wed, 28 Jun 2017 12:46:08 +0200

A study of the variation in axial loads on columns of braced bays along earthquake is presented. Studied columns belong to regular building of 10-, 14- and 18- stories structured with moment-resisting ductile braced steel frames in a chevron configuration. Subject buildings were analyzed under 10 artificial records which were scaled according to the design spectrum for soft soils. The results were compared with published methodologies to estimate the design axial load in columns. Based on the results, a methodology for estimating the design axial load in columns of moment-resisting braced frames is proposed.

Registro histórico de cambios en la morfología fluvial del río Jesús María provocando el colapso del sistema de acceso de un puente

Scipedia content — Wed, 28 Jun 2017 12:41:01 +0200

En este trabajo se presenta un análisis multitemporal del emplazamiento de las márgenes de un tramo del río Jesús María en la provincia de Córdoba, Argentina. El objetivo principal fue registrar, durante el periodo 2002 a 2015, los procesos fluviales de erosión y sedimentación que se produjeron en esta área durante las crecientes del río y que provocaron en dos ocasiones, durante los años 2010 y 2015, el colapso del sistema de apoyo y de acceso al puente sobre Ruta Nacional 9, respectivamente. Se trabajó con la premisa de aportar elementos técnicos para la reparación de los daños producidos. Se realizó un análisis hidro-geo-morfológico del área basado en percepción remota y sistema de información geográfica, y se generaron mapas de los cambios morfológicos del tramo en estudio registrando los máximos desplaza-mientos de las barrancas. Como resultado, se cuantificó un área erosionada de 6 Ha y un área sedimentada de 1 Ha. A partir de este seguimiento satelital se estimó un desplazamiento máximo de 90 metros.

Análisis y modelo hidráulico (2D) de flujos hiperconcentrados en piedemonde occidental de la Sierra de Ambato, Catamarca, Argentina

Scipedia content — Wed, 28 Jun 2017 12:40:51 +0200

Los flujos de sedimentos hiperconcentrados se pueden clasificar eninundaciones de barro, flujos de barro y flujo de escombros. Estos flujos se diferencian por la reología de la mezcla agua-sedimento. En los flujos de barro los esfuerzos que domina el fenómeno son el límite elástico y el esfuerzo viscoso. Un modelo reológico cuadrático permite simular adecuadamente condiciones de flujos que van desde aguas claras hasta flujos hiperconcentrados de sedimentos. En este trabajo se analiza un evento hidrológico severo con flujo de barro ocurrido recientemente en Siján, Catamarca, Argentina aplicando el modelo de simulación (FLO-2D) de diferencias finitas.

Adaptación de un método de optimización multiobjetivo para modelos de pronóstico de inundaciones

Scipedia content — Wed, 28 Jun 2017 12:40:37 +0200

Los métodos de optimización multi-objetivo tienen diversas aplicacionesen la ingeniería. En particular, en la hidrología son una herramienta de gran valor para encontrar un conjunto de soluciones de compromiso para dos objetivos hidrológicos cualesquiera en conflicto. Por su parte, los modelos de pronóstico hidrológico se emplean durante un evento lluvioso con el fin de predecir el caudal que se producirá en una sección de un río con un cierto tiempo de anticipación (horizonte de pronóstico).Como información de entrada suelen utilizar la lluvia y el caudal de la sección de interés, registrados en tiempo real. Sin embargo, durante un evento de gran magnitud, algunos sistemas de pronóstico experimentan una degradación en la calidad de los caudales observados en tiempo real, y en ciertos casos se produce incluso pérdida de dicha información. Cuando la cadena de transmisión de datos hidrometeorológicos (redpluviométrica e hidrométrica) a tiempo real falla, el desempeño del modelo puede decaer drásticamente respecto del esperado en un caso real. En particular, si lainformación a tiempo real del último caudal observado se pierde (daño en la estación hidrométrica, o en la red de comunicación, etc.) y no puede ser asimilado, el modelo hidrológico corre en una situación típica de simulación, ejercicio para el cual otro modelo (o el mismo, pero parametrizado de otro modo) podría conducir a resultados más confiables. Por esta razón, un método de optimización multi-objetivo puede ser empleado para encontrar soluciones de compromiso entre ambos criterios. En este trabajo fue llevada a cabo una optimización multi-objetivo del modelo GR4P, mediante el uso del algoritmo MOCOM-UA. Se observó que el método era incapaz de encontrar en todos los experimentos de manera robusta el mismo frente de Pareto, por lo quefueron llevadas a cabo un conjunto de modificaciones al método con el fin de mejorar la robustez. Finalmente, fue posible obtener una versión adaptada del algoritmo MOCOMUA con la cual se llega en los sucesivos experimentos a frentes de Pareto bien semejantes entre sí. Los trabajos fueron realizados sobre una cuenca pequeña de la Bretaña francesa.

Assessment of global seismic design parameters for special moment-resisting steel frames with hysteretic energy dissipation devices

Scipedia content — Wed, 28 Jun 2017 12:40:32 +0200

In this paper the authors summarize the most important results of a parametric study devoted to evaluate, using static nonlinear analyses (pushover) and nonlinear dynamic analyses, the seismic behavior of low to medium rise regular special moment-resisting steel frames (SMRSFs) with hysteretic energy dissipation devices mounted on chevron steel bracing. The parameters under study were different: a) building heights, b) the angle of inclination of chevron braces with respect to the horizontal axis (θ), c) elastic stiffness ratios (α) between the moment frame system and the whole structure, d) elastic stiffness balances (β) between the hysteretic device and the supporting braces and, e) post yielding stiffness (K2) for the hysteretic devices. The main objective of this paper is to propose global seismic design parameters (Q, R, Δy and Δu) for ductile steel structures with hysteretic energy dissipation devices which could be easily inserted in current seismic codes of Mexico.

La enfermedad, el más peligroso de los desastres

Scipedia content — Wed, 28 Jun 2017 12:40:18 +0200

Editorial: La enfermedad, el más peligroso de los desastres

Main skills a construction industry manager must have

Scipedia content — Wed, 31 May 2017 15:04:32 +0200

The role of the project manager is one of the most challenging jobs in any organization because it requires a broad understanding of several areas that need to be coordinated and require interpersonal skills. The objective of the work is to define the main competences that must be possessed by the project managers in the construction industry, and also to present how they could develop them. In order to comply with this, a critical analysis was carried out that includes several studies of experts, and institutions dedicated to this area of engineering. This study concludes that the project manager must have the knowledge, skills and attitudes to handle the specific technical aspects, scope, costs, timing and interrelationship, aligned with the objectives, teamwork and stakeholders, among others. All this in a changing, diverse and transversal environment, generating uncertainty and conflicts to be resolved competently.

Proposal to strengthen educational building ancient II-MOP type. Venezuela

Scipedia content — Wed, 31 May 2017 15:04:28 +0200

This article presents the study of structural reinforcement for a building of educational use, known as "Old Type II". The school was built before the creation of the Venezuelan SeismoresistantCovenin 1756. The results of the structural analysis showed insufficient responsiveness to service requests, high vulnerability to seismic action and deficiencies in the quantity and distribution of reinforcing steel. For this reason, the reinforcement of the superstructure was proposed by the construction of panel walls, verifying their action on the existing piloting system. For the modeling, the values of resistance of the concrete obtained in the destructive tests made by the materials laboratory of the School of Civil Engineering of the Universidad Centroccidental Lisandro Alvarado and the soil parameters from the geotechnical study were used.

Implementation of virtual construction to improve the planning of works. Use of 4D model in urbanism located in Valencia, Venezuela

Scipedia content — Wed, 31 May 2017 15:04:21 +0200

The construction industry is considered as one of the industries with lower yields, frequent delays and reprogramming. Due to this and to avoid losses of time, costs and inconveniences in the execution, the virtual construction is used, that allows to analyze previously the constructive sequences and the possible interferences between the different activities through a real time scenary according to the programmed schedule . This article shows the implementation of BIM technology in a modular housing development in Venezuela. Four 4D simulations were carried out, two initially due to the original planning and its timely improvement, and two subsequent corresponding to reprogramming due to actual delays in execution due to lack of concrete supply. The main results were: problems of programming logic, interferences between activities, unreal sequences, among others in the first models. As for the models of the reprogramming gave resulting times very similar to reality; This means that the models work both in ideal situations and in situations of uncertainty. Building information modeling solutions introduce a new way of working, based on the creation and use of coherent and coordinated information, wich allows for faster decision making, better documentation and the possibility of predicting the drawbacks Even before the work began.

Reinforcement of an industrial structure with two types of energy dispensers

Scipedia content — Wed, 31 May 2017 15:04:10 +0200

This paper presents the reinforcement of a flour storage silo affected by the earthquake of April 16, 2016, in ECUADOR, which had a moment magnitude of 7.8. Immediately after the earthquake carbon fiber was placed in the affected elements and the block masonry was changed with light walls in such a way to continue working. A seismic hazard study was carried out and two uniform seismic hazard spectra were determined for 975 and 2475 years of return period. To reinforce this structure it is proposed to place steel diagonals in the subsoil, in such a way that the loads that are generated go directly to the foundation. On the ground floor will be placed Shear Link power dissipators and on the next floor high TADAS heat sinks. The reinforced structure was analyzed for the spectra obtained in Manta from the earthquake of April 16 and for the two earthquakes of uniform seismic hazard indicated.

Structural adequacy for residencial complex in Barquisimeto city. Venezuela

Scipedia content — Wed, 31 May 2017 15:04:04 +0200

The structural analysis and reinforcement project is presented for a city complex consisting of 31 houses with obvious signs of failure, built in the city of Barquisimeto in 2008 on unconstrained land. The results of the analysis showed insufficient responsiveness to service stresses, high seismic vulnerability, and deficiencies in the amount and distribution of reinforcing steel. The reinforcement of the superstructure was proposed by means of the construction of panel walls, and micro piles and / or reinforced solid slab for the infrastructure, using values of resistance of the concrete obtained in the destructive tests, soil parameters from the geotechnical study and the settlements Differentials derived from topographic leveling.

Autocontrol procedures proposal on conservation of a road contracts

Scipedia content — Wed, 31 May 2017 15:03:59 +0200

With a mixed global contract the maintenance of a road network is carried out, through the simultaneous execution of conservation under the modality to series of unitary prices, and by sum raised by level of service. In the latter, there is a great precariousness in the procedures, due to failures in the contractor's vision of assuming the management of the conservation, lack in the assignment of responsibilities to the team members, and poor control in the work quality and documentation of the contract. For this reason, in this work a management proposal is made defining each of the stages that compose it, in order to ensure a correct conservation of the elements that make up the road infrastructure. The proposed objectives are: to specify the methodology to be used to manage the maintenance of the network contracted under the mixed global modality, to specify the handling and control of the documentation that must be kept in the contract, and to define the skills and responsibilities of the work team. In order to comply with them, a bibliographical revision of the national regulations on the maintenance of roads was carried out, and the diversity of contracts used by the Road Service for road conservation was taken into account. In addition, through experience in mixed global conservation contracts, the skills and responsibilities recommended by the members of the team are defined.

Technical evaluation of resistance to compression in concretes made with CPCA cement

Scipedia content — Wed, 31 May 2017 15:00:52 +0200

In recent years Venezuela has presented a crisis on the demand, commercialization and production of cement, the material needed for construction, therefor additive cements are being used without any type of regulations. This work presents the physical-mechanical characterization of three concrete mixtures with water / cement ratio of 0.45 and water / cement ratio of 0.60 with different types of Portland cement, Type I, Type CPCA1,and the third mixture corresponds to Type CPCA1 Rewarding it with a 15% addition in his own weight, developing a mixture of better quality. These concretes were characterized by: settling, setting time, percentage of total porosity, percentage of water absorption and mechanical resistance to compression. The results showed that the concrete mixture produced with CPCA1 does not meet the minimum requirements established in the Venezuelan standard for use in the elaboration of structural concrete, because among other parameters its resistance to compression it's below the design value. As for the CPCA1 giving it 15% addition in its own weight meets the requirements, and can be used in the manufacture of concrete structural elements.

Editorial: How cities envolved and how should being served today

Scipedia content — Wed, 31 May 2017 14:59:12 +0200

Editorial: How cities envolved and how should being served today

Neural controller for the trajectory tracking control of an inertia wheel pendulum

Scipedia content — Wed, 19 Apr 2017 12:13:24 +0200

In this paper, the problem of trajectory tracking control in an inertia wheel pendulum is studied. Results are presented in a constructive form. First, a model-based controller is obtained by using the output feedback linearization technique. Then, the controller is redesigned by incorporating a neural network with the aim of avoiding the exact parameters knowledge of the inertia wheel pendulum, obtaining a robust control scheme. A two-layer perceptron is used, whose output weights are updated in real-time using an adaption law derived from the analysis of convergence of the closed-loop system solutions. Barbalats lemma is used to conclude that the pendulum tracking error trajectory converges to zero. Numerical simulations and real-time experiments are presented, which confirm the theoretical results.

Optimal under multiple criteria selection of refractory and insulating materials for metallurgical ladles

Scipedia content — Fri, 31 Mar 2017 12:54:42 +0200

Until the present the problem of the refractory and isolating materials selection has not been treated, in all its complexity, as an optimization under multiple criteria task, but basically as a metallurgical problem. In the present article the mathematical modelling of the optimal under multiple criteria task, the analysis of it mathematical complexity, considering the dimensions of the materials by layers and by zones are exposed. The complexity of the formulated task conditions the necessity of its decomposition in simpler tasks by zones of the ladle. The experimental validation of the obtained numeric results, where the efficiency and resulting quality of the used procedures is evidenced. The procedures applied are a part of the Integration of Variables method. Particularly, the Random Search of the Extremes of a Function of a Variable Code operator is applied to the problem studied.

A mode superpostion approach for fluid‐structure interaction problems

Scipedia content — Tue, 28 Feb 2017 15:21:47 +0100

In many practical engineering applications there is the interaction of distinct domains, where coupling effects are important in assessing the structural response. A particular case is given by the interaction between a vibrating structure and a reservoir, with the latter conveniently simplified to an acoustic model. This paper presents a closed form analytical solution to the dynamic interaction problem of a framed structure and a two dimensional acoustic cavity system. Initially, eigenvalues and eigenmodes are obtained accurately and then individual contributions of each mode are combined to build the structural dynamic response. A fourth order Runge‐Kutta numerical integration routine is applied on the evaluation of relative displacements. Finally, practical applications are given, where the proposed method is employed effectively in the solution of sine and seismic excitations. These results are compared to finite element models, with an excellent agreement achieved by the proposed procedure. It is also verified that the fundamental mode shape governs the dynamic response, enabling the use of simplified expressions for the generalized parameters. Immediate results include validation of numerical solutions as well as parametric studies of the involved variables. The proposed procedure can be extended for different sets of boundary conditions.

A computational model for the evaluation of the spray generation of a Wave Adaptive Modular Vessel

Julio García-Espinosa — Thu, 22 Dec 2016 21:04:18 +0100

This paper presents part of the work done within the project 'Advanced Numerical Simulation and Performance Evaluation of WAM-V® in Spray Generating Conditions' developed by the International Center for Numerical Methods in Engineering (CIMNE) under Navy Grant N62909-12-1-7101 issued by the Office of Naval Research Global. One of the primary goals of that project was the development of a computational model for simulation of the Wave Adaptive Modular Vessel (WAM-V®) under spray generating conditions. For this purpose, a Semi-Lagrangian Particle Finite Element Method (SL-PFEM) has been applied. This is the latest development within the framework of the so-called Particle Finite Element Method (PFEM), using the X-IVAS (eXplicit Integration along the Velocity and Acceleration Streamlines) scheme. In this paper we demonstrate the applicability of the SL-PFEM using the X-IVAS scheme for the simulation of the Wave Adaptive Modular Vehicle under spray generating conditions.

Computer Programming of free GUIs for the Analysis of the Behaviour of Marine Structures

José Enrique Gutiérrez Romero — Wed, 23 Nov 2016 15:04:06 +0100

This work presents the development of two free Graphical User Interfaces (GUI), called ''FASTLognoter'' and ''MorisonForm'', both focused on the analysis of the behaviour of offshore structures, especially of offshore wind turbines. The first one is related to the aeroelastic analysis of wind turbines, and the second is concerned with the seakeeping of marine structures. The development of these tools has been carried out using a powerful software called ''Lognoter''. This tool is free software for Knowledge Management in Technology (KMT), which integrates computer programming for allowing the development of GUIs. These GUIs give an open platform for conducting a parametric study of the structural and dynamic behaviour of marine structures. Their coupling permits the user to set a suitable way to evaluate new concepts in marine structures. Finally, an application for the intensive analysis of offshore wind turbines is shown.

Refuerzo a cortante de vigas de hormigón armado con tejidos y matrices base cemento. Análisis y comparativa

María Jesús Samper — Mon, 21 Nov 2016 12:21:11 +0100

El principal objetivo de la presente investigación es realizar un estudio comparativo sobre la capacidad
de diversos tipos de TRM actuando como refuerzo a cortante en vigas de hormigón armado de
características actuales.
Para lograr este propósito, se han definido unos objetivos parciales que servirán de guía en todo el
proceso de elaboración y realización de la investigación.

Implementation of an object oriented library of constitutive models for DEM in the KRATOS framework

Scipedia content — Wed, 09 Nov 2016 15:04:12 +0100

As a program increases its size and complexity, it can rapidly turn into something pretty difficult to keep controlled and up-to-date, specially when the developing work is shared between an extensive group of people. Keeping this in mind, it is pretty straightforward to understand why over the last few years, the emphasis in the design of programs has shifted from the design of procedures and toward an efficient organization of data.

Modern DEM codes usually take advantage of parallel processing capabilities (shared or distributed systems) to scale up the number of particles or length of the simulation and this would be more difficult to achieve without good foundations in the code structure.

In this context, the main objective of this work will be the implementation of an efficient constitutive model library for discrete element based simulations. A well-defined and flexible structure in which modifying or introducing new constitutive equations will be easier, keeping the main program strategy mostly unchanged while minimizing, at the same time, the risk of error during the execution of the program.

Furthermore, the existing basic user interface currently used for introducing the data in the pre-process stage will need to be updated in order to use the newly introduced developments in the DEM code.

Finally, several numerical examples will be run using the available constitutive equations from the library, comparing the obtained simulation results with published experiment data.

Local and global approaches to Friction Stir Welding processes

María Jesús Samper — Fri, 21 Oct 2016 10:49:03 +0200

This paper deals with the numerical simulation of Friction Stir Welding (FSW) processes. FSW techniques are used in many industrial applications and particularly in the aeronautic and aerospace industries, where the quality of the joining is of essential importance. The analysis is focused either at global level, considering the full component to be jointed, or locally, studying more in detail the heat affected zone (HAZ).The analysis at global (structural component) level is performed defining the problem in the Lagrangian setting while, at local level, an apropos kinematic framework which makes use of an efficient combination of Lagrangian (pin), Eulerian (metal sheet) and ALE (stirring zone) descriptions for the different computational sub-domains is introduced for the numerical modeling. As a result, the analysis can deal with complex (non-cylindrical) pin-shapes and the extremely large deformation of the material at the HAZ without requiring any remeshing or remapping tools.A fully coupled thermo-mechanical framework is proposed for the computational modeling of the FSW processes proposed both at local and global level. A staggered algorithm based on an isothermal fractional step method is introduced.To account for the isochoric behavior of the material when the temperature range is close to the melting point or due to the predominant deviatoric deformations induced by the visco-plastic response, a mixed finite element technology is introduced. The Variational Multi Scale (VMS) method is used to circumvent the LBB stability condition allowing the use of linear/linear P1/P1 interpolations for displacement (or velocity, ALE/Eulerian formulation) and pressure fields, respectively. The same stabilization strategy is adopted to tackle the instabilities of the temperature field, inherent characteristic of convective dominated problems (thermal analysis in ALE/Eulerian kinematic framework).At global level, the material behavior is characterized by a thermo-elasto- viscoplastic constitutive model. The analysis at local level is characterized by a rigid thermo-visco-plastic constitutive model. Different thermally coupled (non-Newtonian) fluid-like models as Norton-Hoff, Carreau or Sheppard-Wright, among others are tested.To better understand the material flow pattern in the stirring zone, a (Lagrangian based) particle tracing is carried out while post-processing FSW results.A coupling strategy between the analysis of the process zone nearby the pin-tool (local level analysis) and the simulation carried out for the entire structure to be welded (global level analysis) is implemented to accurately predict the temperature histories and, thereby, the residual stresses in FSW.

Utilization of extracted teeth as provisional restorations following immediate implant placement – A case report

Scipedia content — Thu, 20 Oct 2016 17:01:56 +0200

This case report utilized a patients natural teeth as provisional restorations supported by immediately placed implants to provide a seamless transition from hopeless teeth to implant supported restorations.

Are you practicing dogma?

Scipedia content — Thu, 20 Oct 2016 17:01:53 +0200

Clinical issues in occlusion – Part II

Scipedia content — Thu, 20 Oct 2016 17:01:47 +0200

Occlusal diagnosis plays an important role in the planning and subsequent delivery of predictable functional and aesthetic restorations and prostheses. Once an occlusal problem is identified there are a number of techniques and materials that can be utilised to record occlusal relationships, subsequently analyse them and incorporate information obtained into the delivery of tooth restoration or replacement. This paper discusses the clinical and technical aspects of occlusal examination and analysis outlining contemporary and traditional techniques in their utilisation. Aspects of occlusal examination will be revisited; the identification and recording of centric occlusion as well as subsequent articulation will be discussed. The requirement for occlusal splint provision will also be discussed and illustrated.

Dry mouth – An overview

Scipedia content — Thu, 20 Oct 2016 17:01:43 +0200

This paper presents an overview of dry mouth, an important condition in the older population. Dry mouth will first be defined, followed by consideration of its occurrence. There will then be an overview of the leading causes of dry mouth. Next, the impact of dry mouth will be discussed in order to explain why it is a significant condition. Lastly, there will be a brief description of the diagnosis and management of dry mouth.