Scipedia: Documents published in 2016

Serum levels of il-8, il-10, il-13, ifnγ and tnfα in pediatric patients with acute infection with different dengue virus serotypes

Scipedia content — Thu, 31 Oct 2019 09:01:51 +0100

Dengue is an acute febrile disease caused by four dengue virus (DENV) serotypes whose prevalence in the Americas has quintupled between 2003 and 2013. The immune response against the infection with dengue virus involves cellular and humoral factors. We performed an observational and cross-sectional study to evaluate the levels of interleukins of the innate immune response (IL-8, TNFα), TH1 response (IFNγ), TH2 (IL-13) and regulatory (IL-10) in serum of patients during the acute phase of infection with the DENV1, DENV3 and DENV4 serotypes.

Clinical and epidemiological characterization of abortions in adolescents, Dr Israel Ranuarez Balza Guárico State Hospital, 2013.

Scipedia content — Thu, 31 Oct 2019 09:01:41 +0100

Abortion in adolescents is a public health problem, because the complications arising from its practice are the main cause of death from 10 to 19 years, taking place under conditions that threaten the life, health and integrity of women. In the present investigation, the objective was to characterize clinically and epidemiologically abortions in adolescents seen in the Dr. Israel Ranuarez Balza" Hospital of the Guárico State during 2013. The methodology was a cross-sectional descriptive investigation.

Intestinal parasitosis in different indigenous communities zulia state, venezuela.

Scipedia content — Thu, 31 Oct 2019 09:01:31 +0100

Parasitic diseases represent a public health problem worldwide, affecting all social classes, especially those lower socioeconomic strata. To determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites in different indigenous communities in the Zulia state, Venezuela, 232 fecal samples corresponding to individuals of both sexes, aged .

Public Health and its determinants.

Scipedia content — Thu, 31 Oct 2019 09:01:20 +0100

Working conditions, housing and housing including all basic services, schooling, education, free time, citizen security, food and civil liberties, together constitute the conditions for people to enjoy a minimum level of Health. Likewise, equitable access to health care must be the primary objective of any health policy, so studying these elements has been a public health concern as a discipline for many years.

Intestinal microbiota and its relationship to metabolic disorders

Scipedia content — Wed, 30 Oct 2019 12:33:07 +0100

The complex of organisms that inhabit the intestine and which includes a large number of bacteria, fungi, yeasts, viruses and phage is known as Intestinal Microbiota (MI). The balance between the MI, the epithelial barrier and the local immune system determines intestinal homeostasis in the healthy subject. MI is important in regulating the rescue and energy expenditure, as well as in fat storage and food intake in the host. Due to the increasing impact of metabolic disorders in society, the need to compile, summarize and analyze the most relevant bibliography on recent advances in the understanding of the intestinal microbiota and its possible relationship with these disorders. Investigations with experimental rodent models suggest that the bacterial composition, functional genes and metabolic activities of IM are altered in subjects with obesity, metabolic syndrome or type 2 diabetes (DT2). In addition, it appears that dietary fat is also an important factor affecting the composition of MI, as well as the barrier function of the intestine and therefore, plasma levels of LPS, producing a metabolic endotoxemia that could contribute to the development low-grade systemic inflammation, insulin resistance and DT2. Finally, recent research in rodents indicates that there is a relationship between MI and the pathogenesis of obesity, metabolic syndrome and even DT2.

Ecoeducation as a linking tool between ecohealth and one health

Scipedia content — Wed, 30 Oct 2019 12:33:00 +0100

This essay aims to contribute to the knowledge and dissemination of new social sciences methodologies applicable to health sciences, which seeks to illustrate the reader about the various current tools that allow, on the one hand, to achieve the necessary changes in the attitudes to improve the live conditions of specific populations in which social needs have been previously diagnosed even under the point of view the biomedical sciences are in accordance with the environment and respect for it; and on the other hand, to demonstrate the imperative need to work in multidisciplinary teams in the search to reduce the factors affect the quality of life of individuals and thus improve statistics and health expectations

It is posible to speak of health from disability

Scipedia content — Wed, 30 Oct 2019 12:32:53 +0100

The following essay is a discussion about the possibility of conceptualizing health from disability; to do a review on current notions of health and disability was performed. The concept of health has gone through a continuous process of signification which reached its turning point in 1948, the definition adopted by the World Health Organization. Currently there is no single definition about the aspirations of the standard of living that people aspire to achieve, therefore, any new definition of health must be organic, systemic, dynamic and positive. More than sixty years of the definition of health, the reality is that there are problems related to health conditions such as disability that have been measuring invariably from the biomedical model, in that sense, it seems that it is impossible to understand the disability beyond the eternal disease. Following the adoption in 2001 of the International Classification of Functioning, health and disability, opened new vistas in the field, the redirection of vision disability on expectations placed on the functioning of people and the multidirectional interactions that arise between people and context in which it operates autonomously. To do this, a conceptualization of health, which transcends the realm of the purely corporeal involving factors such representations and socio-environmental relationships are raised

Enteroparasites paper money circulating in the shaft Barquisimeto-Cabudare, Lara State, Venezuela.

Scipedia content — Wed, 30 Oct 2019 12:32:45 +0100

A descriptive, cross sectional study was carried out to examine the enteroparasite contamination of 300 banknotes of the six denominations that circulate in the Barquisimeto-Cabudare urban axis (2,5,10,20,50 and 100 BsF), through the washing of each with 100 ml of water with 20% Tween 20 for 5 minutes each side and with the aid of a sterile brush, this volume was placed in two, plastic centrifuge tubes (clean) allowed to decant for two hours , Then centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes to observe the pellet with saline and lugol with 100X and 400X magnification. An abundance of enteroparasites was obtained in contaminated banknotes of 29% (87/300), with a diversity of four taxa. Blastocystis sp. (68 of 87 contaminated), Endolimax nana (16/87), Giardia sp. (2/87) and Entamoeba coli (1/87); Banknotes with less denomination were more contaminated than those with the highest denomination and 96,6% of the contaminated banknotes were dirty, while only 3,4% of the contaminated banknotes were clean or new banknotes. No helminth eggs were observed. It is concluded that tickets in this area are an important element (fomites) in the direct transmission of intestinal protozoa from one person to another.

Enteroparasites in residents of Almirante Padilla municipality, Zulia State, Venezuela

Scipedia content — Wed, 30 Oct 2019 12:32:36 +0100

Intestinal parasitosis are widely distributed in the world, constituting a public health problem. To evaluate whether the geographical and ecological conditions of the island municipality Almirante Padilla of Zulia State influence the prevalence of intestinal parasitosis of its inhabitants, 87 fecal samples corresponding to individuals of any age and sex were analyzed. Each sample was subjected to direct coproparasitological methods (SSF 0.85% and lugol), formalin-ether concentration method (Ritchie), Kinyoun stain and agar plate technique (Arakaki) for recovery and diagnosis Strongyloides stercoralis larvae. The prevalence of intestinal parasites in the study population was 50.57% (44/87), which prevailed monoparasitism with 52.27% (23/44). Among the parasitized individuals, 29.89% (26/87) of cases corresponded to Chromista Blastocystis sp., followed by Entamoeba complex (13.79%), Endolimax nana (13.79%) and Ascaris lumbricoides (13,79%). Strongyloides stercoralis or intestinal coccidia was not detected. The age group most affected were children aged 2 to 6 years of age (p

Propitiating psychoeducational strategies for the teacher as counselor and promoter of mental health for children and youth.

Scipedia content — Wed, 30 Oct 2019 12:32:28 +0100

The objective of this research focused on the design of a psychoeducational program to promote the role of the teacher as a mentor and promoter of child and adolescent mental health Estadal Basic School "Julio Teodoro Arze" of the Conception Parish Barquisimeto, Lara State. Its main purpose was to contribute to the formation of human beings I integrate mental health, able to live harmoniously in society. It was based on theoretical research and theories that support the teacher's role as counselor and promoting mental health. Methodologically, this study was framed in the modality of feasible project, contentivo of the first three phases, supported by field research of a descriptive nature. With a population of 22 teachers who were applied an instrument that measured the need for training in their role as mentor and promoter of the mental health of the child and adolescent population; it was validated by expert opinion and its reliability was established by Alfha and Cronbach reliability coefficient Kuder - Richardson obtaining high reliability. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results showed the need for a psychoeducational program to promote the role of the teacher as a mentor and promoter of mental health. The other phases of the study determined the market feasibility, technical and financial as well as program design. Finally the conclusions that led response to the objectives and recommendations for the use of the program were developed.

Cour years of the RVSP

Scipedia content — Wed, 30 Oct 2019 12:31:52 +0100

The Venezuelan Public Health Magazine (RVSP) is now four years old, with eight numbers to its credit, accumulating a total of 67 articles, for an average of 8 per number; it has been a hard but comforting work, which is appreciated when seeing its fruits, where only, to mention to the technological platform of the UCLA (http://bibvirtual.ucla.edu.ve/RVSP/), they are presented more than 133,000 entries or queries, where the most widely read article has been the contamination of cabbage enteroparasitaria, with 45,000 entries, or to mention another platform such as ISSUU, where only the second number has 1937 readings, plus 28,178 impressions, according to the origin of the consultant, in order of frequency, appear Venezuela, Mexico, Spain, Peru, Ecuador, Argentina, Guatemala and the Dominican Republic, or in the case of IMBIOMED (Mexican Index of Latin American Biomedical Journals), with more than 6000 entries, auditable. All this is very pleasing because the visibility of the journal is increasing every day, which allows thousands of users who rely on RVSP to be a safe source of knowledge in Public Health.

A pseudo-compressible variational multiscale solver for turbulent incompressible flows

María Jesús Samper — Tue, 10 Sep 2019 11:15:54 +0200

In this work, we design an explicit time-stepping solver for the simulation of the incompressible turbulent flow through the combination of VMS methods and artificial compressibility. We evaluate the effect of the artificial compressibility on the accuracy of the explicit formulation for under-resolved LES simulations. A set of benchmarks have been solved, e.g., the 3D Taylor–Green vortex problem in turbulent regimes. The resulting method is proven to be an effective alternative to implicit methods in some application ranges (in terms of problem size and computational resources), providing comparable results with very low memory requirements. As an example, with the explicit approach, we are able to solve accurately the Taylor-Green vortex benchmark in a fine mesh with 5123cells on a 12 cores 64 GB ram machine.

Residual‐based stabilization of the finite element approximation to the acoustic perturbation equations for low Mach number aeroacoustics

María Jesús Samper — Tue, 10 Sep 2019 11:08:08 +0200

The acoustic perturbation equations (APE) are suitable to predict aerodynamic noise in the presence of a non‐uniform mean flow. As for any hybrid computational aeroacoustics approach, a first computational fluid dynamics simulation is carried out from which the mean flow characteristics and acoustic sources are obtained. In a second step, the APE are solved to get the acoustic pressure and particle velocity fields. However, resorting to the finite element method (FEM) for that purpose is not straightforward. Whereas mixed finite elements satisfying an appropriate inf–sup compatibility condition can be built in the case of no mean flow, that is, for the standard wave equation in mixed form, these are difficult to implement and their good performance is yet to be checked for more complex wave operators. As a consequence, strong simplifying assumptions are usually considered when solving the APE with FEM. It is possible to avoid them by resorting to stabilized formulations. In this work, a residual‐based stabilized FEM is presented for the APE at low Mach numbers, which allows one to deal with the APE convective and reaction terms in its full extent. The key of the approach resides in the design of the matrix of stabilization parameters. The performance of the formulation and the contributions of the different terms in the equations are tested for an acoustic pulse propagating in sheared‐solenoidal mean flow, and for the aeolian tone generated by flow past a two‐dimensional cylinder.

A stabilized finite element method for the two-field and three-field Stokes eigenvalue problems

María Jesús Samper — Tue, 10 Sep 2019 11:01:52 +0200

In this paper, the stabilized finite element approximation of the Stokes eigenvalue problems is considered for both the two-field (displacement–pressure) and the three-field (stress–displacement–pressure) formulations. The method presented is based on a subgrid scale concept, and depends on the approximation of the unresolvable scales of the continuous solution. In general, subgrid scale techniques consist in the addition of a residual based term to the basic Galerkin formulation. The application of a standard residual based stabilization method to a linear eigenvalue problem leads to a quadratic eigenvalue problem in discrete form which is physically inconvenient. As a distinguished feature of the present study, we take the space of the unresolved subscales orthogonal to the finite element space, which promises a remedy to the above mentioned complication. In essence, we put forward that only if the orthogonal projection is used, the residual is simplified and the use of term by term stabilization is allowed. Thus, we do not need to put the whole residual in the formulation, and the linear eigenproblem form is recovered properly. We prove that the method applied is convergent, and present the error estimates for the eigenvalues and the eigenfunctions. We report several numerical tests in order to illustrate that the theoretical results are validated.

Variational multi-scale finite element approximation of the compressible Navier-Stokes equations

María Jesús Samper — Tue, 10 Sep 2019 10:55:25 +0200

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to apply the variational multi-scale framework to the finite element approximation of the compressible Navier-Stokes equations written in conservation form. Even though this formulation is relatively well known, some particular features that have been applied with great success in other flow problems are incorporated.

Design/methodology/approach

The orthogonal subgrid scales, the non-linear tracking of these subscales, and their time evolution are applied. Moreover, a systematic way to design the matrix of algorithmic parameters from the perspective of a Fourier analysis is given, and the adjoint of the non-linear operator including the volumetric part of the convective term is defined. Because the subgrid stabilization method works in the streamline direction, an anisotropic shock capturing method that keeps the diffusion unaltered in the direction of the streamlines, but modifies the crosswind diffusion is implemented. The artificial shock capturing diffusivity is calculated by using the orthogonal projection onto the finite element space of the gradient of the solution, instead of the common residual definition. Temporal derivatives are integrated in an explicit fashion.

Findings

Subsonic and supersonic numerical experiments show that including the orthogonal, dynamic, and the non-linear subscales improve the accuracy of the compressible formulation. The non-linearity introduced by the anisotropic shock capturing method has less effect in the convergence behavior to the steady state.

Originality/value

A complete investigation of the stabilized formulation of the compressible problem is addressed.

Concurrent finite element simulation of quadrupolar and dipolar flow noise in low Mach number aeroacoustics

María Jesús Samper — Tue, 10 Sep 2019 10:35:35 +0200

The computation of flow-induced noise at low Mach numbers usually relies on a two-step hybrid methodolgy. In the first step, an incompressible fluid dynamics simulation (CFD) is performed and an acoustic source term is derived from it. The latter becomes the inhomogeneous term for an acoustic wave equation, which is solved in the second step, often resorting to boundary integral formulations. In the presence of rigid bodies, Curle’s acoustic analogy is probably the most extended approach. It has been shown that Curle’s boundary dipolar noise contribution does in fact correspond to the diffraction of the quadrupolar aerodynamic noise generated by the flow past the rigid body. In this work, advantage is taken from this fact to propose an alternative computational methodology to get the individual quadrupolar and dipolar contributions to the total acoustic pressure. For any linear acoustic wave operator, the unknown acoustic pressure can be split into its incident and diffracted components and be computed simultaneously to the incompressible flow field, in a single finite element computational run. This circumvents the problem found in Curle’s analogy of needing the total pressure at the body’s boundary, which includes the acoustic pressure fluctuations. The latter cannot be obtained from an incompressible CFD simulation. The proposed unified strategy could be beneficial for a large variety problems such as those involving noise generated from duct terminations, or those related with the simulation of fricatives in numerical voice production, among many others.

A stabilized finite element method for the mixed wave equation in an ALE framework with application to diphthong production

María Jesús Samper — Tue, 10 Sep 2019 10:27:46 +0200

Working with the wave equation in mixed rather than irreducible form allows one to directly account for both, the acoustic pressure field and the acoustic particle velocity field. Indeed, this becomes the natural option in many problems, such as those involving waves propagating in moving domains, because the equations can easily be set in an arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) frame of reference. Yet, when attempting a standard Galerkin finite element solution (FEM) for them, it turns out that an inf-sup compatibility constraint has to be satisfied, which prevents from using equal interpolations for the approximated acoustic pressure and velocity fields. In this work it is proposed to resort to a subgrid scale stabilization strategy to circumvent this condition and thus facilitate code implementation. As a possible application, we address the generation of diphthongs in voice production.

Numerical Methods

María Jesús Samper — Fri, 26 Jul 2019 13:11:16 +0200

As one of the results of an ambitious project, this handbook provides a well-structured directory
of globally available software tools in the area of Integrated Computational Materials Engineering (ICME).

The compilation covers models, software tools, and numerical methods allowing describing electronic, atomistic, and mesoscopic phenomena, which in their combination determine the microstructure and the properties of materials. It reaches out to simulations of component manufacture comprising primary shaping, forming, joining, coating, heat treatment, and machining processes. Models and tools addressing the in-service behavior like fatigue, corrosion, and eventually recycling complete the compilation.

An introductory overview is provided for each of these different modelling areas highlighting the relevant phenomena and also discussing the current state for the different simulation approaches. A must-have for researchers, application engineers, and simulation software providers seeking a holistic overview about the current state of the art in a huge variety of modelling topics.

This handbook equally serves as a reference manual for academic and commercial software developers and providers, for industrial users of simulation software, and for decision makers seeking to optimize their production by simulations. In view of its sound introductions into the different fields of materials physics, materials chemistry, materials engineering and materials processing it also serves as a tutorial for students in the emerging discipline of ICME, which requires a broad view on things and at least a basic education in adjacent fields.

Software Solutions for ICME

María Jesús Samper — Fri, 26 Jul 2019 10:52:06 +0200

The Integrated Computational Materials Engineering expert group (ICMEg), a coordination activity of the European Commission, aims at developing a global and open standard for information exchange between the heterogeneous varieties of numerous simulation tools. The ICMEg consortium coordinates respective developments by a strategy of networking stakeholders in the first International Workshop on Software Solutions for ICME, compiling identified and relevant software tools into the Handbook of Software Solutions for ICME, discussing strategies for interoperability between different software tools during a second (planned) international workshop, and eventually proposing a scheme for standardized information exchange in a future book or document. The present article summarizes these respective actions to provide the ICME community with some additional insights and resources from which to help move this field forward.

Numerical modelling of landslide‐generated waves with the particle finite element method (PFEM) and a non‐Newtonian flow model

María Jesús Samper — Thu, 25 Apr 2019 10:52:18 +0200

Landslide‐generated impulse waves may have catastrophic consequences. The physical phenomenon is difficult to model because of the uncertainties in the kinematics of the mobilised material and to the intrinsic complexity of the fluid–soil interaction. The particle finite element method (PFEM) is a numerical scheme that has successfully been applied to fluid–structure interaction problems. It uses a Lagrangian description to model the motion of nodes (particles) in both the fluid and the solid domains (the latter including soil/rock and structures). A mesh connecting the particles (nodes) is re‐generated at every time step, where the governing equations are solved. Various constitutive laws are used for the sliding mass, including rigid solid and the Newtonian and non‐Newtonian fluids. Several examples of application are presented, corresponding both to experimental tests and to actual full‐scale case studies. The results show that the PFEM can be a useful tool for analysing the risks associated with landslide phenomena, providing a good estimate to the potential hazards even for full‐scale events.

Interpretation of dam deformation and leakage with boosted regression trees

María Jesús Samper — Thu, 25 Apr 2019 09:50:09 +0200

Predictive models are essential in dam safety assessment. They have been traditionally based on simple statistical tools such as the hydrostatic-season-time (HST) model. These tools are well known to have limitations in terms of accuracy and reliability. In the recent years, the examples of application of machine learning and related techniques are becoming more frequent as an alternative to HST. While they proved to feature higher flexibility and prediction accuracy, they are also more difficult to interpret. As a consequence, the vast majority of the research is limited to prediction accuracy estimation. In this work, one of the most popular machine learning techniques (boosted regression trees), was applied to model 8 radial displacements and 4 leakage flows at La Baells Dam. The possibilities of model interpretation were explored: the relative influence of each predictor was computed, and the partial dependence plots were obtained. Both results were analysed to draw conclusions on dam response to environmental variables, and its evolution over time. The results show that this technique can efficiently identify dam performance changes with higher flexibility and reliability than simple regression models.

Numerical modeling of the electron beam welding and its experimental validation

María Jesús Samper — Tue, 09 Apr 2019 12:26:00 +0200

Electron Beam Welding (EBW) is a highly efficient and precise welding method increasingly used within the manufacturing chain and of growing importance in different industrial environments such as the aeronautical and aerospace sectors. This is because, compared to other welding processes, EBW induces lower distortions and residual stresses due to the lower and more focused heat input along the welding line.

This work describes the formulation adopted for the numerical simulation of the EBW process as well as the experimental work carried out to calibrate and validate it.

The numerical simulation of EBW involves the interaction of thermal, mechanical and metallurgical phenomena. For this reason, in this work the numerical framework couples the heat transfer process to the stress analysis to maximize accuracy. An in-house multi-physics FE software is used to deal with the numerical simulation. The definition of an ad hoc moving heat source is proposed to simulate the EB power surface distribution and the corresponding absorption within the work-piece thickness. Both heat conduction and heat radiation models are considered to dissipate the heat through the boundaries of the component. The material behavior is characterized by an apropos thermo-elasto-viscoplastic constitutive model. Titanium-alloy Ti6A14V is the target material of this work.

From the experimental side, the EB welding machine, the vacuum chamber characteristics and the corresponding operative setting are detailed. Finally, the available facilities to record the temperature evolution at different thermo-couple locations as well as to measure both distortions and residual stresses are described. Numerical results are compared with the experimental evidence.

Explicit mixed strain-displacement finite elements for compressible and quasi-incompressible elasticity and plasticity

María Jesús Samper — Tue, 09 Apr 2019 12:08:28 +0200

This paper presents an explicit mixed finite element formulation to address compressible and quasi-incompressible problems in elasticity and plasticity. This implies that the numerical solution only involves diagonal systems of equations. The formulation uses independent and equal interpolation of displacements and strains, stabilized by variational subscales. A displacement sub-scale is introduced in order to stabilize the mean-stress field. Compared to the standard irreducible formulation, the proposed mixed formulation yields improved strain and stress fields. The paper investigates the effect of this enhancement on the accuracy in problems involving strain softening and localization leading to failure, using low order finite elements with linear continuous strain and displacement fields (P1P1 triangles in 2D and tetrahedra in 3D) in conjunction with associative frictional Mohr–Coulomb and Drucker–Prager plastic models. The performance of the strain/displacement formulation under compressible and nearly incompressible deformation patterns is assessed and compared to analytical solutions for plane stress and plane strain situations. Benchmark numerical examples show the capacity of the mixed formulation to predict correctly failure mechanisms with localized patterns of strain, virtually free from any dependence of the mesh directional bias. No auxiliary crack tracking technique is necessary.

High-fidelity prediction of crack formation in 2D and 3D pullout tests

María Jesús Samper — Tue, 09 Apr 2019 11:52:23 +0200

This paper presents the 2D and 3D numerical analysis of pullout tests on steel anchorages in concrete blocks using standard and mixed finite elements. A novel (stabilized) mixed formulation in the variables of total strain ε and displacements u is introduced to overcome the intrinsic deficiencies of the standard displacement-based one in the context of localization of strains, such as mesh dependency. The quasi-brittle behavior of concrete is described through an elastoplastic constitutive law with a local Rankine yielding criterion. The proposed formulation is shown to be a reliable and accurate tool, sensitive to the physical parameters of the pullout tests, but objective with respect to the adopted FE mesh. Furthermore, the mixed ε/u finite element is able to capture the correct failure mechanism with relatively coarse discretizations. At the same time, the spurious behavior of the standard formulation is not alleviated by mesh-refinement.

Analysis of the effect of provisional ties in the construction and current deformation of Mallorca cathedral

María Jesús Samper — Tue, 09 Apr 2019 11:40:46 +0200

This article presents the analysis of the structure of Mallorca Cathedral taking into account the influence on the structural behavior of auxiliary iron ties used during the construction process. Recent studies (Roca et al. 2012, 2013) presented some hypotheses about the construction process of the cathedral. This article complements the previous results by considering the use of auxiliary ties as temporary stabilizing device during the construction. Evidence of the use of ties during the construction has been recognized after a comprehensive survey. The study of the role of such ties and the effect of their later removal are studied by a FE analysis carried out on a representative bay of the structure. The study includes a time-dependent FE analysis after the removal of the ties to assess the long-term structural behavior. The results of the numerical analysis are compared with the deformation trends identified by means of a recent monitoring campaign.

A thermodynamically consistent plastic-damage framework for localized failure in quasi-brittle solids: Material model and strain localization analysis

María Jesús Samper — Tue, 09 Apr 2019 11:05:52 +0200

Aiming for the modeling of localized failure in quasi-brittle solids, this paper addresses a thermodynamically consistent plastic-damage framework and the corresponding strain localization analysis. A unified elastoplastic damage model is first presented based on two alternative kinematic decompositions assuming infinitesimal deformations, with the evolution laws of involved internal variables characterized by a dissipative flow tensor. For the strong (or regularized) discontinuity to form in such inelastic quasi-brittle solids and to evolve eventually into a fully softened one, a novel strain localization analysis is then suggested. A kinematic constraint more demanding than the classical discontinuous bifurcation condition is derived by accounting for the traction continuity and the loading/unloading states consistent with the kinematics of a strong (or regularized) discontinuity. More specifically, the strain jumps characterized by Maxwell’s kinematic condition have to be completely inelastic (energy dissipative). Reproduction of this kinematics implies vanishing of the aforesaid dissipative flow tensorial components in the directions orthogonal to the discontinuity orientation. This property allows naturally developing a localized plastic-damage model for the discontinuity (band), with its orientation and the traction-based failure criterion consistently determined a posteriori from the given stress-based counterpart. The general results are then particularized to the 2D conditions of plane stress and plane strain. It is found that in the case of plane stress, strain localization into a strong (or regularized) discontinuity can occur at the onset of strain softening. Contrariwise, owing to an extra kinematic constraint, in the condition of plane strain some continuous inelastic deformations and substantial re-orientation of principal strain directions in general have to take place in the softening regime prior to strain localization. The classical Rankine, Mohr–Coulomb, von Mises (J2) and Drucker–Prager criteria are analyzed as illustrative examples. In particular, both the closed-form solutions for the discontinuity angles validated by numerical simulations and the corresponding traction-based failure criteria are obtained.

Modelling of Bingham and Herschel–Bulkley flows with mixed P1/P1 finite elements stabilized with orthogonal subgrid scale

María Jesús Samper — Tue, 09 Apr 2019 10:44:43 +0200

This paper presents the application of a stabilized mixed pressure/velocity finite element formulation to the solution of viscoplastic non-Newtonian flows. Both Bingham and Herschel–Bulkley models are considered.

The detail of the discretization procedure is presented and the Orthogonal Subgrid Scale (OSS) stabilization technique is introduced to allow for the use of equal order interpolations in a consistent way. The matrix form of the problem is given.

A series of examples is presented to assess the accuracy of the method by comparison with the results obtained by other authors. The extrusion in a Bingham fluid and the movement of a moving and rotating cylinder are analyzed in detail. The evolution of the streamlines, the yielded and unyielded regions, the drag and lift forces are presented.

These benchmark examples show the capacity of the mixed OSS formulation to reproduce the behavior of a Bingham and Herschel–Bulkley flows with the required accuracy.

Agenda

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 14:57:30 +0200

Jornadas,

OCLC EMEARC 2016: reflexiones en torno al futuro de las tecnologías y las bibliotecas

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 14:57:22 +0200

Los

New proposals for audiovisual distribution in the era of convergence: the documentarybook

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 14:57:13 +0200

The advent of the internet has changed the way we distribute media content, autonomously and independently, calling into question the audiovisual model that emerged in the second half of the twentieth century. Understanding this new way of doing things, in a constant state of evolution, gives us the opportunity to investigate the digital environment in order to take advantage of interactive possibilities. This paper presents the results of an investigation into a new format within the documentary genre that combines visual and literary content, which we have labelled documentarybook. This case study focuses on the documentarybook Hacia una primavera rosa (Towards a pink spring), which was freely distributed through the iBooks Author tool. This documentarybook offers an example, outside the standard conventions of the industry, of a differing supply chain, various reading levels and lenghts, and social public participation with optional levels of involvement. The results of this case study have allowed us to compare the degree of integration between old and new practices and propose theoretical and applied conclusions that may be useful for future social audiovisual projects.

Marketing campaigns in the Architectural Library of the University of Seville

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 14:57:05 +0200

This article details one university library’s experience in managing the needs of students and professors in Architecture and Building Engineering degrees. The authors describe channels of communication, use policies, marketing efforts, and planning. Marketing campaigns must be adapted to the academic calendar. Ultimately, the marketing efforts have proven transformational in integrating a new culture of management in the library for both users and staff.

Organisational communication facing the challenge of multiplatform and Web 2.0 strategy: The experience of the political parties in the Basque Country

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 14:56:57 +0200

Aware of the fact that nowadays transmitting information is insufficient for successfully communicating, organizations are increasingly multi-channeled communicators, in addition to receiving what their public communicates, because they are aware that simply transmitting information is no longer sufficient for successful communication. In particular, political organizations and their leaders have shown a strong interest in recent years for exploring technologically advanced communication avenues, in accordance with the ‘permanent campaign’ idea (Blumenthal, 1980; Ornstein; Mann, 2000). This article examines current tendencies that determine the management of political communication, outside of specific voting contexts, through a case study of five parties with parliamentary representation in the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country, Spain. Using qualitative methodology, based on website analysis and in-depth interviews with press departments, this study explains why these organizations situate themselves in a 1.5 evolutionary phase (Kalnes, 2009).

Methodology for evaluating functions and products for technology watch and competitive intelligence (TW/CI) and their implementation through web

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 14:56:46 +0200

The increasing presence of technology watch and competitive intelligence can clearly be seen in every organization. However, even though the necessities addressed since 2011 by the normative UNE 166006:2011 (Aenor, 2011) involve formalizing and structuring the processes related to TW/CI and its implementation among organizations, and despite the fact that the so called TW/CI integral support platforms are more and more popular, no methodologies have been defined to evaluate the TW/CI functions and their implementation through those web platforms. This article proposes the evaluation of a system of indicators which any organization can use during the assessment process of the global set of functions within the TW/CI cycle and the objective selection of the most suitable TW/CI support platform, according to particular necessities and circumstances.

Building a knowledge management maturity model for a multinational food company from an emerging economy

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 14:56:38 +0200

The objective of this study was to build and apply a model of knowledge management maturity for a multinational food company from an emerging economy. As for the methodological aspects, a questionnaire was administered to approximately 3,000 employees in fourteen business units of a multinational company. In relation to the results, first, a model with four key areas was structured: strategy, culture, knowledge processes, and technology. Subsequently, it was determined that all key areas were in the managed level. However, further analysis of the variables showed development of the practices associated with the application of knowledge and soft aspects, such as culture and strategy, compared with those that related to knowledge creation and appropriation of information technology.

A proposal for an index to measure the informative quality of the news services of regional television channels in Spain

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 14:56:29 +0200

In Spain the media is organized in three levels: national, autonomic and local. The autonomic or regional television system is in its majority public, and its primary functions are linked to the political dynamics of each particular region. This article sets out a comparative analysis of the television newscasts with the aim of creating an index to determinate their degree of quality. To do so, four Spanish regional channels were analyzed: the Canary Islands’ Radio Televisión Canaria (RTVC), the Balearic Islands’ Televisió de les Illes Balears (IB3), Castile and León’s Castilla y León Televisión (CyLTV) and Navarre’s Navarra Televisión (NaTV). With the data obtained, we developed an indicator for political representation (R) and an indicator for the value of news frames (E). The combination of both indicators allows detecting anomalous behaviors when representing political parties. Our results show that there is a positive over-representation of political parties in those regions where these parties do not hold a parliamentary majority. Nonetheless, in these cases, the index shows a more appropriate value.

Theoretical foundation and literature review of the study of concept maps using eye tracking methodology

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 14:56:22 +0200

Theoretical foundation and literature review of the study of concept maps using eye tracking methodology

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 14:56:13 +0200

In this paper, we will be carrying out an in-depth analysis of a series of investigations involving concept maps used in eye tracking methodology. First, the background to this kind of research is analyzed: on the one hand we will focus on generic scientific literature about those concept maps with theoretical foundations in the psychology of learning, and second the literature of eye tracking in teaching and learning will be reviewed. Finally, we will center our attention on the way in which the literature for these two areas overlaps. A total of 15 published works on concept maps using eye tracking were located and subsequently the quality of these papers, their visibility, topics, and results were analyzed. The findings show there are very few published works on this subject, all originated from dispersed sources which proved difficult to locate, despite the fact that eye tracking methodology lends itself perfectly to the study of concept maps. We predict that in coming years there will be many more publications in this field.

Development studies research 1975-2014 in academic journal articles: The end of economics?

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 14:56:03 +0200

The field of development studies analyses causes and potential solutions for global poverty and inequality. Since the Second World War there have been major changes in theories about the root causes of global poverty and the strategies necessary to tackle it. This article views the history of development studies from the perspective of the role of economics during 1975-2014. A topic modelling analysis of published journal articles from Scopus suggests that there has been a relative decline in research that focuses on economics, and particularly for research concerned with firms and growth. In parallel, the analysis suggests that there has been a relatively slow increase in interest in the environment, a lack of scholarly interest in BRICS and dependency theory, and a relatively homogeneous treatment of gender issues.

Regional and global science: Publications from Latin America and the Caribbean in the SciELO Citation Index and the Web of Science

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 14:55:55 +0200

In this article the authors compare the visibility of Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) publications in the Core Collection indexes of the Web of Science (WoS) inlcuding Science Citation Index Expanded, Social Sciences Citation Index, and Arts & Humanities Citation Index, and the SciELO Citation Index (SciELO CI) which was integrated into the larger WoS platform in 2014. The purpose of this comparison is to contribute to the broader understanding of the communication of scientific knowledge produced in Latin America and the Caribbean, and to provide some reflections on the potential benefits of the articulation of regional indexing exercises into WoS for a better understanding of geographic and disciplinary contributions. How is the regional level of SciELO CI related to the global range of WoS? In WoS, LAC authors are integrated at the global level in international networks, while SciELO has provided a platform for interactions among LAC researchers. The articulation of SciELO into WoS may improve the international visibility of the regional journals, but at the cost of own journal inclusion criteria independence.

The food science georeferenced. A bibliometric approach at institutional level

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 14:55:46 +0200

A bibliometric analysis of research production in scientific journals, of the Scopus subject category Food Science, between 2003 and 2013, from seventy-one Spanish institutions with at least fifty works published, is presented. Statistical z tests are used for an evaluation of the degree to which an observed number of top-cited papers (top-10%) for an institution differs from the number expected, on the basis of randomness in the selection of papers. A map has been generated that displays inter-institutional collaboration networks; activity and impact values are displayed. The results show the most active institutions, located primarily in Madrid, Cataluña, Valencia, and Murcia, belong to the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) and Catalonian research institutions

Bibliometric and benchmark analysis of gold Open Access in Spain: big output and little impact

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 14:55:36 +0200

Estudio bibliométrico que analiza la contribución de los científicos españoles a las revistas en acceso abierto indexadas en la Web of Science durante 2005-2014. El objetivo es determinar si la publicación en revistas en acceso abierto contribuye a mejorar los indicadores bibliométricos de impacto y colaboración de la ciencia española. Los resultados se presentan por áreas científicas y se comparan con un conjunto de 17 países europeos. Los resultados establecen que España es el segundo país europeo con un mayor porcentaje trabajos en acceso abierto (9%), especialmente en Arte y Humanidades (28%). Se establece como la citación normalizada (0,72) de la producción en acceso abierto está por debajo de la media mundial y de los valores de las principales potencias europeas. Finalmente se discute como los resultados entran en contradicción con la denominada ventaja de citación del acceso abierto.

Proposal of using scaling for calculating field-normalized citation scores

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 14:55:28 +0200

Since the end of the 1980s, citation impact values –especially for evaluative purposes– are increasingly presented as field-normalized citation scores than as bare citation counts or citation rates. In rather popular variants of the scores, the average score over a publication year is not exactly one due to multiple Web of Science subject categories per paper. We propose a scaling method which introduces slight changes in the field-normalized scores of each paper that ensures that the average value of all scores equals one.

Informetrics for librarians: Describing their important role in the evaluation process

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 14:55:18 +0200

Librarians are playing a secondary role in the process of evaluating research activities, usually as auxiliary providers of raw data extracted from pre-selected sources. Given the subjective nature of the decision committees, there is a strong need for unbiased and objective procedures guaranteed by independent professionals. A neutral, comprehensive, modern, quantitative approach guided by academic librarians is proposed, including closeness to applicants, anonymity of their identities in the reports, contextualization (academic age, gender, and discipline) of data, usage of relative non-central values with indication of thresholds, and incorporation of new bibliometric and non-bibliometric sources.

Informetrics for librarians: Describing their important role in the evaluation process

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 14:55:09 +0200

3D numerical models of FSW processes with non-cylindrical pin

María Jesús Samper — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 13:48:51 +0200

Friction stir welding (FSW) process is a relatively recent welding process (patented in 1991). FSW is a solid-state joining process during which materials to be joined are not melted. During the FSW process, the behaviour of the material is at the interface between solid mechanics and fluid mechanics. In this paper, a 3D numerical model of the FSW process with a non-cylindrical tool based on a solid formulation is compared to another one based on a fluid formulation. Both models use advanced numerical techniques such as the arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian formulation, remeshing or the orthogonal sub-grid scale method. It is shown that these two formulations essentially deliver the same results.

Agenda

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 13:04:24 +0200

Jornadas,

SEO tools and indicators: characteristics and application to online media analysis

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 13:04:13 +0200

Searching is one of the core activities in the digital world and therefore, it is one of the key elements in the analysis of digital media since part of their audiences and revenues comes from the so called search engine result page (SERP). In this paper we present some of the most used analyzing tools in search engine optimization (SEO) in order to consider their application in online media research studies. We apply the nine most important indicators of these tools to the home page of four Spanish general online media in order to assess its viability as alternative indicators to PageRank and other Google indicators

The next bibliometrics: ALMetrics (Author Level Metrics) and the multiple faces of author impact

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 13:04:04 +0200

The main goal of this article is to describe the purpose and content of a new branch of bibliometrics: ALMetrics (Author Level Metrics). ALMetrics is focused on the quantitative analysis of an author’s performance by measuring the dimensions of their intellectual activity as shown through varied metric indicators. This article will list, define, and classify the different metrics that are offered in newer information portals that showcase the scientific activity of authors. These metrics are grouped into five sets: bibliometrics (publication and citation), usage, participation, rating, social connectivity, and composite indicators. This new bibliometric specialty is necessary because of new trends in scientific assessment, which have moved analysis away from old bibliometrics (based on journal analysis and Impact Factor) towards new bibliometrics that analyze both documents and authors via a mix of indicators. Most importantly, ALMetrics responds to the researchers’ desire for both knowledge and acknowledgement.

The next bibliometrics: ALMetrics (Author Level Metrics) and the multiple faces of author impact

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 13:03:52 +0200

e-Government: the need to implement a business processes management policy in public administration

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 13:03:42 +0200

The implementation of electronic government in Spain, specifically in local councils, is described. We tackle an array of questions about how this process is being carried out. We analyse whether recommendations given to the public sector by European and national rules and regulations are leaving behind several well-defined stages which should be previously solved. We are referring to the organic-functional aspects before looking for technical solutions and technical paths towards implementing metadata.

Geolocation of information and data mapping with Ushahidi in online journalism

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 13:03:29 +0200

Crowdsourcing and crowdmapping tools such Ushahidi (testimony or witness in Swahili) give value to the communication chain. They allow individuals, institutions, and journalistic organizations to take advantage of the flow of information provided by the users, although the process is not without some difficulties. Ushahidi, based on free software, offers a broad range of applications to be used in media contexts. First, Ushahidi focuses on data through a participatory map of georeferenced information and then it addresses the verification of the information provided by the citizens. From the analysis of the bibliography and some study cases, we describe a specific area of collaboration between professional journalists and citizen journalists in the creation, distribution, and verification of content. International media which have used Ushahidi include The guardian, BBC, Al jazeera and Huffington post.

The impact of social media on journalism

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 13:03:17 +0200

Metamedia and value networks are two emerging concepts in the communication area. The first one refers to the computing transformation of media processes and contexts, both in production and use of the media; the second one relates to the system encouraging information flows, knowledge, and communication social relationships. The revolution of metamedia and digital networks is to be seen in the way people use and consume information, as well as organizations and traditional media outlets. They understand the networks –mainly Twitter, Facebook, and YouTube- as the main value providers, as the present study concludes. This work offers the results of the Media management barometer, a survey undertaken at the end of 2015 and administered to 300 Spanish media companies to check their metamedia transformation and the use of digital social networks.

Public communication of science through web 2.0. The case of research centers and public universities in Spain

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 13:03:07 +0200

This paper analyzes the use that the Spanish National Research Council centers (CSIC, by its Spanish abbreviation) and Spanish public universities make of web 2.0 in disseminating their research. The methodology used is based on an ad hoc checklist design for collecting data, focusing on three areas: the use of web 2.0 tools; connectivity (number of followers); and intensity (number of comments published). One significant finding was that both types of organizations made little use of social networks to disseminate their research. In the case of universities in 2014, around 40% were present on Facebook and Twitter, 22% on YouTube, and only 22% had blogs. In regard to CSIC centers, around 30% had Facebook and Twitter profiles, 18.9% were on YouTube, and 6.8% had informative blogs.

The use of professional and scientific social networks: The case of three Galician universities

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 13:02:57 +0200

A survey conducted among 5,500 professors and researchers from the three Galician universities received 463 answers. The results reveal a rise in popularity of professional and scientific digital social networks, but it also shows a lack of knowledge about them and inefficient use of them. Ninety percent of Galician university professors are present in a professional or academic network, but only 8.64 percent consider themselves experts. LinkedIn and ResearchGate have the largest number of members, although their average use is medium or low. Biomedical, engineering, and natural sciences scholars use more networks than the two previously mentioned; and social sciences and humanities scholars prefer Academia.edu. In total, 32.8 percent of the three universities’ scholars that answered the survey use social networks at least once a month. Social networks are used primarily to disseminate and follow publications, and, secondly, to get citations and improve reputation.

New projects from enterprising journalists in the hyperlocal scene: The case of the Castellón province, Spain

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 13:02:48 +0200

The communication companies’ general crisis affects journalists all over the world, and the ones working in the Spanish province of Castellon are not an exception, specially after the closing down of the regional corporation Valencian Radio Television (RTVV) where many of them were employed. To survive, they chose to create their own digital media, competing for a very fragmented advertising market in the local journalism niche. In this paper, the journalistic projects that emerged in Castellón between 2008 and 2015 are analyzed. We describe their business models and their situation. The results reveal two main characteristics of this type of media: lack of a business plan and dependence on public administration content. Both aspects can determine the future development of these ventures.

Transcoding strategies for prime time TV genres in Spain

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 13:02:25 +0200

Today’s TV context is defined by new services like view-on-demand, “extra” content, and conversations with the audience. The public has more power to decide what to view and can influence the programming with their comments. Because of this, TV channels have created strategies to improve the online products and encourage public participation. Success also depends on social TV and VoD. The objective of this study was to analyze how Spanish prime time has adapted to new media and how programs are managing interactions with the audience. In order to do the analysis, the three main TV groups –RTVE, Atresmedia, Mediaset- were chosen and all the programs were categorized into three genres. The results revealed a weakness in the interactivity strategy of television programs, especially in the informative genres.

Long-form sports journalism in the digital era. A comparative analysis of L’équipe explore and Sports illustrated longform

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 13:02:16 +0200

In a media landscape characterized by fierce competition, accelerated production cycles, and the impact of social media, the expansion of a counter-genre such as digital long-form journalism, is of growing interest. Both legacy outlets and native online platforms have invested resources in products that embrace technological innovation and storytelling techniques dissociated from the fast consumption of information. The field of sports is one of the areas where this phenomenon, intertwined with slow journalism, has had a stronger impact. Bearing this context in mind, this article examines the entire collection of long-form stories developed by two prestigious websites: L’équipe explore (France) and Sports illustrated longform (United States). This analysis allows for the classification of the salient features that these websites present in terms of agenda, news sources, multimedia architecture, and brand-building strategies.

Subscribers’ clubs: A new funding model for the Spanish press

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 13:02:04 +0200

Until 2014, and setting aside some unsuccessful experiences, there had not been a successful implementation of a pay wall in a major Spanish newspaper, but beginning in 2014 newspaper executives opted to create affinity clubs following strategies that had already been implemented in similar Latin American newspapers like La nación of Buenos Aires and El mercurio of Santiago de Chile. As in most countries where this strategy has been successful, it addresses the loyalty of its print and digital consumers by organizing clubs and offering exclusive benefits on a wide array of products for a monthly fee.

Social metamedia and public service: The debate in Twitter for television programs on the BBC, RTVE, and CCMA

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 13:01:53 +0200

Public television has a mission to promote debate around topics of public interest. Twitter is the social metamedia used by TV programs to fulfil this task online. This research analyzes the capability of public television to generate an effective debate through Twitter and also looks at the relationship between physical audience and social audience. We apply a quantitative methodology that employs our own capture and treatment technique to examine the activity generated by the hashtags proposed by six television programs on BBC One, TV3, and La 1. The main finding shows that these programs fail in their mission to generate a robust public debate in Twitter; instead the discussion is generated by a recurrent group of users that control the debate flow around their comments. Finally, the physical audience is not a predictive factor of the social audience.

Television consumption and its measurement in Spain: a path to hybrid audiences

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 13:01:39 +0200

Television has transformed through digitization, and as a result, viewers can access content from different devices, which has led to the birth of liquid television. In order to fully understand TV consumption, it is necessary to supplement data from the traditional audience with data from new forms of TV use. This paper discusses techniques for new audience measurement, including asynchronous or linear content consumption, i.e., consumption by the viewer during the scheduled broadcast, and consumption from different screens.

Interactions between television and its social audience: Towards a communication conceptualization

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 13:01:11 +0200

This paper aims to study the interactions between television and social networks (what we might call social TV) in Latin America, with two goals in mind: 1) Identifying how social media is affecting television consumption, including influential factors; and 2) Quantifying these factors in order to have a clear picture of the phenomenon. For this purpose we used a mixed methods approach, combining a focus group and national survey. The study yielded five major findings: 1) The more comments users read in social media the higher the effect on their television behavior; 2) Open television is discussed more than cable, on demand, and webcasting; 3) The most discussed topics are humor and informational subjects; 4) Facebook and Twitter are the most commonly used platforms to comment about television; 5) While Facebook is the most used site to learn about what friends are viewing on television, Twitter is the most used site to learn about what the general public thinks about television content.

Re-dissemination of news and public debate on social networks

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 13:00:55 +0200

The results of a qualitative research study based on 12 focus groups with a total of 106 people about the role of social networks in the consumption of current information are presented. We inquired about the motivation of citizens to interact with the news on social networks, and if they consider them appropriate spaces for public debate. Some findings of this study suggest that social networks are seen as an adequate space to share news and information on matters of public interest; to extend the agenda of topics that focus on the interests of users by allowing them access to topics often silenced in their usual media; and finally, social networks are viewed as more suitable for opinions, rather than public debate.

Re-dissemination of news and public debate on social networks

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 13:00:45 +0200

A comparison of the traditional and online media audiences in Spain

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 13:00:36 +0200

This study is a comparative analysis of traditional media audiences and their digital extensions. The purpose of the analysis is to determine if there is a relationship between the audience of a newspaper, radio, or television and that of its digital counterparts. In order to explore if there is a relationship between online and traditional audiences, a quantitative analysis is carried out by applying the Pearson correlation coefficient to the audience information obtained from the General media survey (EGM, Estudio general de medios). The results show that a correlation does exist between online and traditional audiences in the types of media analyzed (Pearson’s r = 0.682).

Metamedia and journalism: A panoramic review of new media

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 13:00:22 +0200

This article is a theoretical proposal for the new media landscape where many media outputs are made with third-party content. This new form of media is what we could call “metamedia”, because of its singularity and how these medias are being used with other content. From this point of view, this article offers a typology (developed through non-participant observation on the internet) to analyze the new medias and by offering, at the beginning, a definition of metamedia. This article’s findings point to the need to propose a taxonomy that serves to systematize and analyze the different types of metamedia present on the Web. Within this typology, some categories are especially useful to describe characteristics of these metamedias, with examples such as Storyful or Reported.ly, to understand the role of new medias as new mediators. These new medias are developing, in their daily routines, a role as “explainers” and curators of third-party content.

From paper to metamedia: the press before the end of printing cycle

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 13:00:12 +0200

We discuss the disappearance of printed newspapers, an important transformation which is a result of, among other factors, the development of information and communication technologies, and the change of press consumers’ habits. By means of econometric models of quadratic regressions and co-integration models we try to approximate the year in which the diffusion of printed newspapers will be near to zero; next, we pose the same problem with regard to advertisement spending in the sector of the printed press because it is one of the main sources of revenue for newspapers. The results obtained do not predict a hopeful future in this sector; for the representative Spanish newspapers, El país, El mundo, La razón, and ABC, the conclusion is that they will have a negligible diffusion in printed formatbefore the year 2020.

Investigating journalism from the perspective of the audience

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 12:59:55 +0200

In the current media system, the relationship between media and audience has undergone a major mutation. This is an issue that is not trivial because the audience is essential to journalisms’ existence. Paradoxically, however, the media has paid little attention to audience, beyond data provided by online metrics. However, research from the academy has proliferated and delved into the study of this relationship, but primarily from the perspective of media and journalists. In this text we investigate the relationship between audience and media, journalists and information, all from the users’ perspective.

ResearchGate as a source for scientific evaluation: revealing its bibliometric applications

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 12:59:34 +0200

ResearchGate is currently one of the most important academic social networks, with more than 9 million users and 80 million documents. The platform offers not only important academic networking tools and job vacancies but also a wide range of bibliometric indicators. The objective of this work is to discuss the main advantages and disadvantages of these indicators paying special attention to the RG Score, the ResearchGate’s flagship indicator. Although ResearchGate provides features and bibliometric indicators of enormous potential in order to gather additional insights about the scientific and academic impact of authors’ production, their communication policies and some recent actions taken in the design, development, and dissemination of indicators generate serious doubts regarding their use for evaluation purposes. Finally, regarding the RG Score indicator, we conclude that it does not measure the prestige of researchers, but instead their level of participation in the platform.

Indoor positioning technologies for academic libraries: towards the smart library

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 12:57:24 +0200

This article is a case study of the application of geospatial technologies in an academic library. More specifically, two applications were developed to assist users in finding the location of books, one for Android mobile devices and the other for web browsers. These applications provide users with the ability to plot the path from the point where the user is located to the shelf where the items are found, thereby improving the user experience. Additionally, this article investigates the possibility of applying geographic information systems (GIS) and geospatial technologies to library services.

Software, statistics, and database management for data journalists

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 12:56:31 +0200

Journalists must update their competencies and skills to produce quality articles for today’s digital environment. New roles for journalists include data journalists, network managers, multimedia journalists, content curators, and mobile journalists. This article analyzes the evolution of the data journalist from its earliest beginnings to the present. The analysis includes an overview of necessary competencies regarding software, spreadsheets, database management, and statistics.

New professional profile in hospitals: health documentation manager

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 12:56:22 +0200

The introduction of electronic health records (EHR) in almost all healthcare settings, and the end of traditional paper records, offers new opportunities to organize, normalize, and standardize health information. The professional roles of the librarian in hospitals has converged into a new emerging professional figure: the health documentation manager (a professional who knows and uses health classifications, taxonomies, and ontologies that are encoded within EHRs; but also integrates bibliographic tools into their activities).

Importance of the professional of the information in the direction of communication in organizations

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 12:56:01 +0200

The importance of the information professional in the communication management department of organizations is discussed. The need to integrate an information specialist within the communication team is essential; either hired from outside the organization or trained from within. Communication management is no longer limited to a press department handling press releases, but is instead a comprehensive communication management effort dealing with internal and external relations; and policies about intangible assets like reputation, image, and value creation through brand. In this article we review the tasks that are demanded by companies of their communication departments and compare them with the skills of information professionals. This job requires a cross-fertilization effort and a task map is used to illustrate how information professionals can perform in the communication area.

Challenges and considerations of the new labor market in the media industry

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 12:55:14 +0200

Recent changes in the economic, social, and technological environment have impacted the careers of information professionals. On one hand, new jobs and opportunities have appeared, and on the other hand, layoffs in mainstream media companies indicate that the net impact has been negative. This article attempts to analyze the most important changes in the media environment, the main forces affecting supply and demand, and the impact of changes on the careers of information professionals. Finally, we propose that some of the new radical paradigms in the world of information professionals are not conceptually new.

Challenges and considerations of the new labor market in the media industry

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 12:55:06 +0200

Concept of infonomist: an up to date discussion

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 12:54:58 +0200

An updated description of infonomist is presented. To do this, we first recover the original proposal of infonomist (and infonomy), sketched by Cornella in 1998. Second, we collect and discuss definitions of the term published subsequently. Finally, we present a description of an infonomist, taking into account the current context: the combination of scientific knowledge on information currently dispersed in various disciplines, the evolution of the meaning of information in scientific discourse and in colloquial speech, and the positioning of various actors and groups. This discussion establishes a selection of potential challenges for future development and strengthening of the concept of infonomist in both academic and professional environments.

Promotion of Spanish scripted television on the internet: analyzing broadcast-related websites’ content and social audience

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 12:54:31 +0200

This article summarizes an investigation into the strategies employed to promote Spanish scripted television (TV fiction) on the Internet. The role of mediation between television networks and their audiences is studied through the content analysis of 515 broadcast-related web sites and 7,849 comments posted by community managers and internet users with assumed feminine digital identities on official and unofficial sites. The official sites are mainly dedicated to providing more information about programs, which represents most of the feedback posted on unofficial sites. Despite extensive activity generated by televised fiction, television networks do not fully exploit these transmedia promotional resources.

Profile of the community manager in advertising and public relations agencies in Spain

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 12:54:23 +0200

Community management has emerged as a new profession since the advent of web 2.0. Professional positions and functions have been consolidated and standardized within corporate communication; consequently, many organizations hire community management services or agencies. This paper discusses the roles of the professionals who are responsible for community management in Spanish advertising and public relations agencies. A survey identified the typical profile of a professional in this field: a woman, aged 25-35 years, journalism degree, with two to three years previous digital media experience. In other words, a young professional with a CV linked to the world of communication.

The socio-educative role of public libraries: new professional profiles for new times

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 12:54:15 +0200

The public library of the 21st century is conceived of as a social center from and for the community, focused on the planning and development of educational intervention programs related to literacy, participation, and social integration. The library staff should promote actions aimed at reducing social inequalities, favoring access of all citizens to culture, information, and education; with particular care for those who are most vulnerable. The complexity of the situation calls for the inclusion of librarians and specialists trained in socio-educational processes and practices and with special emphasis on intervention with special needs groups.

Use of drones for informative purposes in television companies in Spain

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 12:54:06 +0200

The use of drones to capture images for journalistic purposes is in its infancy. Consequently, there exists a demand for skilled professionals to manage these devices. In this article we provide a snapshot of drone pilots in Spain and also analyze the type of drone content used in journalism. A qualitative methodology is used with 14 in-depth interviews with heads of documentation and production in TV newsrooms and drone pilots. We also obtained a sample of 43 images broadcast during a 10 month period, thanks to departments of documentation within newsrooms. We conclude that drone pilots work on a project basis to maximize profitability, i.e, the pilots are working project-by-project, rather than working full-time for one media outlet or news program. Natural disasters are among the images most commonly used, representing 72% of the drone images in broadcast news.

The neuromarketing professional in the Spanish audiovisual sector

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 12:53:58 +0200

The emergence of new digital business models and its subsequent impact on the consumption of audiovisual products has led to more optimized decisions and the constant refinement of the strategies of traditional media groups. In the last several years some major audiovisual companies have begun to incorporate novel methodological developments into their market research in order to give a more efficient response to audience demands. The introduction of neuromarketing is a trend that, although incipient, is becoming more established in Spain. In order to define the scope and impact of neuromarketing in its application to the Spanish audiovisual sector, this study aims to analyze both the implementation and the new professional who manages it, leading to a guide of best practices, challenges, and future development.

A profile of the interactive communication professional: foundations, current trends and perspectives

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 12:53:45 +0200

Over the last few years the role of the interactive communication professional has changed parallel to technological innovation and the introduction of new communication paradigms. Digital technology has facilitated the creation of the interaction designer, a professional position in many production teams and digital newsrooms that has yet to be fully defined. This paper presents an attempt to define the characteristics and necessary knowledge of the interaction communication expert. This is done by reviewing the skills needed for the practice of interaction design, looking at the career paths offered by graduate and undergraduate studies in interactive communication, and evaluating a case study in the field of interactive documentary. By comparing the results of the three analytical methods (literature review, comparative analysis, and case study) we present research that covers the differing perceptions that exist of this professional position. This analysis brings to the surface a lack of consensus in an emerging field that is still evolving and adapting since its appearance nearly twenty years ago.

The adaptive journalist. Consultants and innovation managers analyze the qualities of the communication professional

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 12:53:36 +0200

Since 2014 the media is no longer merely struggling for survival. They are now founding innovative departments and organizing hackathons to develop new products. These changes indicate that journalism is evolving and enjoying an era of opportunity. It is undergoing a process of permanent transition which requires proactive and flexible professionals who dialogue with the audience, produce multimedia information using their smartphones, occasionally use drones, and even create informative documentaries with augmented reality. In this paper a dozen consultants and innovation managers working in Spain, the United States, and Latin America analyze the new demands of the sector. This qualitative perspective is combined with a study of job offers posted on the website Infojobs located in Spain. The conclusion of both approaches is that the most necessary professional is that of the adaptive journalist, who is able to create informative content, integrate into multidisciplinary teams, and take up functions that engage with audiences.

Digital vs. traditional media journalists: sociodemographic characteristics, and external and internal threats to their autonomy

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 12:53:27 +0200

Born-digital media is influenced by many factors. This study compares the perceptions of digital and traditional (newspaper, radio, TV, news agencies, etc.) journalists and investigates their perception of threats to their professions. This paper shows data from a national survey (probabilistic, stratified by type of outlet and region) to 390 journalists in Spain between March 2014 and May 2015. Reporters were surveyed about their differing influences (political, economic, organizational, professional routines, and reference groups) in their jobs. Even where there are clear socio-demographic differences, data shows that, except for the influence of reference groups, all journalists hold similar perceptions. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Digital vs. traditional media journalists: sociodemographic characteristics, and external and internal threats to their autonomy

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 12:53:19 +0200

Trends in the technological profile of information professionals

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 12:53:10 +0200

New technologies require an upgrade of LIS professionals’ skills. This study analyzes changes in the field and suggests guidelines to improve LIS curriculum. We have carried out a content analysis of 20 curricula from LIS educational programs to identify terms associated with technological skills. In addition, we identified terms related to new competences from 735 job openings published on generic web sites and 170 on specific web sites. These terms include marketing, management, and content management, mainly related to web applications. The results confirm a positive trend in the demand for technological skills related to LIS. Nevertheless, there is a need to increase awareness about the competences and abilities of LIS professionals, because many relevant job openings are listed in other job categories. Therefore, we have collected a list of key technological skills. In conclusion, it is clear that computer science and the Internet are bringing new opportunities to LIS professionals.

Redefining the communicator

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 12:53:00 +0200

Communication jobs live in a constant state of debate about their identity and role. With the advent of digital technologies, this debate has intensified and there are those who even deny the need for these professionals. This article discusses the main arguments for and against employing communication professionals and concludes with optimistic projections as a result of the emerging hyperconnected environment which will open many career opportunities for communication specialists.

Hannibal ad portas, or the future of information professional profiles

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 12:52:52 +0200

The identification of information professional profiles is necessary in order to develop studies for the current labor market and to improve professional development for students. A literature review was carried out on selected papers published within the last two decades. Findings indicate that faculty must address the definition and acquisition of skills to prepare students for a dynamic and constantly changing professional environment.

Agenda

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 12:19:35 +0200

Congresos,

Description and evaluation of MapTiler software: From scanned map to interactive layer for Web publishing

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 12:19:22 +0200

Description and evaluation of the characteristics of MapTiler, software for georeferencing and publishing old maps on the Web. This software can help librarians and archivists publicize, easily and quickly, the cartographic collections of their institutions. Some use cases of MapTiler are cited.

An innovative technology proposal for the improving in the communication, social reputation and service quality: a case applied to the hospitality sector

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 12:19:10 +0200

Se presenta una novedosa aplicación móvil llamada RE2, diseñada para ayudar a los profesionales del sector servicios en la gestión de la información de clientes y servicios. Esta basada en uno de los desarrollos más recientes en el área de la gestión de clientes: el compromiso del cliente. En particular, RE2 digitaliza la tarjeta de fidelización de clientes para grabar sus datos personales y sus patrones de consumo. Utilizando esta información, RE2 pretende conseguir una mejora en la calidad del servicio, la estrategia de comunicación y la reputación corporativa, organizando el sistema de recompensas de forma automática y sugiriendo una conexión al cliente con sus redes sociales, donde pueden diseminar sus experiencias con el negocio. Este trabajo presenta las bases teóricas utilizadas para desarrollar RE2, describe sus principales funciones y contribuciones al negocio, aplicado al caso particular de la hostelería (aunque la aplicación puede ser aplicada en otros sectores). AbstractIn this paper it is presented a new mobile application called RE2, that was designed to help service sector professionals with managing information related to customers and services. It is based on one of the most interesting recent developments within the framework of customer management: customer engagement. In particular, RE2 digitizes customers’ loyalty cards, recording the personal data and consumption patterns of customers. Using this information, RE2 aims to achieve an improvement in service quality, communication strategy, and social reputation by organizing the reward program automatically and suggesting connections for customers to their social networking sites, where customers can then disseminate their experiences with the business. This paper presents the theoretical bases used to develop RE2, describes its main functions, and explains its main contributions to the special case of the hospitality industry (although the application can be applied to other industries).

Tablets for access to electronic resources and for use as teaching support in the university library: A case study

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 12:18:59 +0200

The experience of the Library of the Faculty of Law of the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) is presented, where patrons use tablets to access books that have been acquired in electronic format. In recent years, there has been an increasing number of titles that are being distributed in paper with an electronic copy attached (duo). These are characterized by the indivisibility of the pack and the increase in their price. This system encourages both the individual and private use of the copies by using a code associated with the user’s profile. The creation of a specific system based on the use of a tablet in order to provide the user public access to these copies is described. The system duplicates the number of copies available to users. In addition to access to e-books, a selection of electronic resources and programs previously offered by the University has been included in the tablets. The tablets are also configured for teaching uses, both for seminars and exams.

Information security management: A bibliographic review

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 12:18:47 +0200

Since 1969, when Peter Drucker forecasted the emergence of the “knowledge society”, the intellectual capital of organizations has become more important in the business world; for this reason, it needs to be protected. Such a task can be accomplished through information security. This paper is a review of the topic “information security” for the period 2001-2015 and, on this basis, provides the key to designing a management model of information security factors. The bibliographic review was conducted in three stages: a) review of unstructured information, b) bibliometric analysis, and c) content analysis, organization, and synthesis. As a result, a multi-dimensional framework was obtained, where relations among knowledge management, risk management, security incidents, information systems, and networks, human resources, economic aspects, governance of information security, policies, and good practices were studied. It is concluded that there are gaps for future research.

Communicating from the public or private sector: The case of hospitals

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 12:18:37 +0200

The ultimate goal of private hospitals in Spain is to increase their number of patients, or at least their revenues, whereas public hospitals do not have this goal because they do not necessarily need to attract more patients. Consequently, the communication carried out at each type of institution may be different. In order to find out if there are any differences and determine their impact on citizens, the communication of both public and private hospitals in two regions of Spain (Castilla y León and Galicia) is analyzed using personal interviews and a survey about public relations. In addition, an official health report is analyzed to determine the satisfaction, assessment, and selection of health centers. In conclusion, private hospitals have better public relations; but, citizens prefer and value public hospitals more. The preliminary image of each type of institution prevails over the communication processes they carry out.

Relato transmedia vinculado a marcas: el personaje de Benito como instrumento de branded content

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 12:18:28 +0200

The introduction and consequent consolidation of information technology and telecommunications in audiovisual stories gives the receiver the ability to change from the traditional role of passive spectator to active user. In this scenario it is necessary that brands and creators work together in order to face the challenges of a new era. The creation of fictional characters, like Benito, can be used as a tool to tell stories and represent a brand (Cuétara). This paper uses the results of five work sessions carried out in the I Seminar of transmedia communication (between November 2014 and October 2015) at the Universitat Jaume I (UJI) de Castellón, Spain and the interview with the creative team that participated in the creation of the character Benito to highlight the benefits of this initiative.

Individual bibliometric assessment at University of Vienna: From numbers to multidimensional profiles

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 12:18:16 +0200

Se muestra cómo se puede implementar la evaluación bibliométrica a nivel individual, lo que se ha hecho con éxito en la Universidad de Viena, a cargo del Departamento Bibliometría y Estrategias de Publicación de la Biblioteca. De acuerdo con la filosofía del Departamento, la bibliometría no es más que un instrumento de evaluación útil con el fin de complementar el sistema de revisión por pares. También se entiende como una brújula para los investigadores en el dilema “publicar o perecer” con el fin de aumentar su visibilidad y para optimizar las estrategias de publicación. La evaluación individual se compone de una entrevista con el investigador evaluado, de la elaboración de un informe bibliométrico de las publicaciones del investigador, de una reunión y de una validación de los resultados obtenidos con el investigador, así como análisis adicionales opcionales. El informe bibliométrico se entrega al investigador, pues así éste conoce los aspectos cuantitativos de los resultados de su investigación. Adicionalmente, también se utiliza como base para discutir con él sus estrategias de publicación. Eventualmente, tal informe sirve para realizar la revisión por pares del investigador con más conocimiento de causa, y por lo tanto se reenvía a Aseguramiento de la calidad, a la oficina del Rector y finalmente a los pares. La característica más importante del informe bibliométrico es su carácter multidimensional e individual. Se fundamenta en varios indicadores básicos y otros parámetros de control con el fin de mejorar la interpretación. Tanto los investigadores, como el personal administrativo y los evaluadores han confirmado la utilidad de este enfoque bibliométrico, por lo que se ha producido una creciente demanda de los mismos. Hasta el momento se han entregado 33. Por otra parte, también se han realizado con gran éxito informes similares para la evaluación bibliométrica de dos facultades. AbstractThis paper shows how bibliometric assessment can be implemented at individual level. This has been successfully done at the University of Vienna carried out by the Department for Bibliometrics and Publication Strategies of the Vienna University Library. According to the department’s philosophy, bibliometrics is not only a helpful evaluation instrument in order to complement the peer review system. It is also meant as a compass for researchers in the ‘publish or perish’ dilemma in order to increase general visibility and to optimize publication strategies. The individual assessment comprises of an interview with the researcher under evaluation, the elaboration of a bibliometric report of the researcher’s publication output, the discussion and validation of the obtained results with the researcher under evaluation as well as further optional analyses. The produced bibliometric reports are provided to the researchers themselves and inform them about the quantitative aspects of their research output. They also serve as a basis for further discussion concerning their publication strategies. These reports are eventually intended for informed peer review practices, and are therefore forwarded to the quality assurance and the Rector’s office and finally sent to the peers. The most important feature of the generated bibliometric report is its multidimensional and individual character. It relies on a variety of basic indicators and further control parameters in order to foster comprehensibility. Researchers, administrative staff and peers alike have confirmed the usefulness of this bibliometric approach. An increasing demand is noticeable. In total, 33 bibliometric reports have been delivered so far. Moreover, similar reports have also been produced for the bibliometric assessment of two faculties with great success.

Does Astronomy research become too dated for the public? Wikipedia citations to Astronomy and Astrophysics journal articles 1996-2014

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 12:18:05 +0200

La astronomía es una ciencia natural que atrae un importante interés del público. A una escala humana, la mayoría de los objetos celestes individuales son esencialmente inmutables, pero ¿ocurre lo mismo con el interés por la investigación astronómica? Este artículo utiliza la popular enciclopedia online Wikipedia como un proxy del interés público en la investigación académica y evalúa el grado en que se citan artículos de astronomía y astrofísica publicados entre 1996 y 2014. Se hicieron búsquedas automáticas en Webometric Analyst a través de Bing para contar el número de citas a artículos de astronomía y astrofísica desde la Wikipedia. Los resultados muestran que los papers más antiguos, de antes de 2008, tienen menos probabilidades de ser citados. Esto es cierto en general y en la mayoría de las principales versiones lingüísticas de Wikipedia, aunque puede reflejar los intereses de los editores en lugar de los intereses del público. Esto concuerda con una tendencia moderada hacia la obsolescencia en el interés público en la investigación, aunque es probable que el fenómeno esté influido por las fechas en las que se creó la mayoría del contenido de Wikipedia sobre ese tema. Los artículos pueden llegar a ser obsoletos si presentan la evidencia de que más tarde fueron sustituidos por otros con datos mejorados o si proponen un modelo que luego se reemplazó. AbstractAstronomy is a natural science attracting substantial public interest. On a human scale, most individual celestial objects are essentially unchanging but is the same true for interest in astronomy research? This article uses the popular online encyclopedia Wikipedia as a proxy for public interest in academic research and assesses the extent to which it cites astronomy and astrophysics articles published between 1996 and 2014. Automatic Bing searches in Webometric Analyst were used to count the number of citations to astronomy and astrophysics articles from Wikipedia. The results show that older papers from before 2008 are increasingly less likely to be cited. This is true overall and in most of the major language versions of Wikipedia, although it may reflect editors’ interests rather than the public’s interests. This is consistent with a moderate tendency towards obsolescence in public interest in research, although it is probably affected by the dates on which most Wikipedia content on the topic was created. Papers may become obsolete if they report evidence that are later superseded by improved data or if they propose a model that is later replaced.

Quantitative meta-analysis of visual motifs throughout film history

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 12:17:55 +0200

El presente artículo analiza la relevancia de los motivos visuales como nuevas herramientas de investigación en cine y comunicación audiovisual, mediante un meta-análisis cuantitativo de dos bases de datos críticas: el ranking de las mejores películas de la historia publicado por el British Film Institute en 2012 y la Enciclopedia Motivos visuales del cine (un proyecto colaborativo de hasta sesenta investigadores y críticos). El primero se utiliza como indicador de valores canónicos de la historiografía cinematográfica, mientras el segundo representa un nuevo acercamiento al cine desde metodologías menos jerárquicas y autorales. Se cuantifican y comparan tres variables estratégicas (décadas, géneros, cineastas), que confirman un nivel de concordancia bajo entre las películas más significativas de ambas bases de datos, y apuntan diferencias notables en cuanto a la perspectiva histórica, los valores de alta y baja cultura y la autoría fílmica. AbstractThis paper assesses the importance of visual motifs as new research tools for film and media studies, by running a quantitative meta-study of two expert review databases: the British Film Institute best-movies 2012 poll and the Encyclopedia of visual motifs in cinema (a joint venture of up to sixty researchers and film critics). The former is used as an indicator of canonic values in film historiography, while the latter represents a new approach to cinema from a less hierarchical and nonauteur- oriented methodology. Three main variables are quantified and compared (decades, genres, directors), pointing to a low accordance between the top films of both databases, as well as to noteworthy differences in terms of historical scope, high / low culture values, and authorship.

The ecosystem for accessing TV series and films in Spain: An outline of the situation following the Intellectual property act 2015

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 12:17:44 +0200

La introducción generalizada de Internet de banda ancha ha transformado la forma tradicional de ver series de TV y películas. Más allá de los servicios legales hay un ecosistema ampliamente establecido que permite el acceso no autorizado a material con copyright; un ecosistema que en España representa un canal paralelo de consumo de contenidos. Hemos analizado los sitios web de los principales proveedores de enlaces en España durante un año, a partir de la entrada en vigor el 1 de enero 2015 del Texto Refundido de la Ley de propiedad intelectual (Trlpi). Nuestro análisis revela cómo el ecosistema ha alterado el equilibrio de este ecosistema y finamente se ha reorganizado. Sin embargo, en contraste con el objetivo de las medidas propuestas por la Trlpi, la nueva legislación no ha conducido a una reducción en el tamaño del ecosistema de la piratería en España. AbstractThe widespread introduction of broadband Internet has transformed the traditional way of watching TV series and films. Beyond the legal services there is a widely established ecosystem that provides unauthorized access to copyrighted material; an ecosystem which, in Spain, represents a parallel channel on which to view content. We have analyzed the leading link provider websites in Spain over a period of one year, since enforcement on January 1, 2015 of the Revised Text of the Intellectual property act (Trlpi). Our analysis reveals how the ecosystem has been reorganized and its balance altered. However, in contrast to the objective of the measures proposed by the Trlpi, the new legislation has not led to a reduction in the size of the piracy ecosystem in Spain.

Media and public interest in the era of web analytics: A case study of two Spanish leading newspapers”

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 12:17:32 +0200

Las etiquetas “Lo más visto”, “Lo más compartido” y “Lo más comentado” son ejemplos de la lógica que las herramientas de analítica web imponen a los medios digitales en un ecosistema informativo en el que la audiencia, que hoy se puede cuantificar más al detalle que nunca, ha adquirido un protagonismo enorme. En este contexto, el presente artículo se centra en estudiar cómo se construye hoy la agenda de los medios en relación con la creciente importancia dada a las estadísticas de páginas vistas. SE analizan las implicaciones de este nuevo escenario en nuestras sociedades democráticas. Esta investigación toma la forma de un caso de estudio sobre dos de los principales diarios españoles, Lavanguardia.com y Elperiodico. com, recurriendo al análisis de contenido y a entrevistas en profundidad con profesionales en activo. El objetivo es dar respuesta a la siguiente pregunta: ¿qué peso tiene el interés público en las noticias y el contenido viral o anecdótico que se propaga en la web? AbstractThe labels “The most viewed”, “The most shared”, and “The most commented” are examples of the logic from web analytics tools in an information ecosystem where the audience has acquired an enormous role because it is now possible to quantify more precisely than ever before. In this context, the present investigation focuses on how the digital media agenda is currently being constructed in relation to the increasing importance given to pageview statistics. The implications of this new scenario for our society as a whole will be analyzed. This research takes the form of a case study of two of Spain’s leading newspapers, Lavanguardia.com and Elperiodico.com, using content analysis and in-depth interviews with working professionals. The aim of the research is to attempt to answer the following questions: How relevant is public interest news? How much importance is accorded to anecdotal and viral content?

An application of people’s sentiment from social media to smart cities

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 12:17:20 +0200

En este trabajo se presenta una propuesta basada en el “sentiment analysis” en medios sociales y orientada a la gobernanza digital en el marco de las ciudades inteligentes. Este sistema, después de seleccionar un grupo de temas relacionados con las preocupaciones de las personas acerca de la vida diaria en las ciudades, hace uso del léxico Afinn dado que el diccionario aplica una puntuación a cada palabra individual con el fin de reconocer y medir la fuerza de cada una. El experimento recupera tuits, clasificados por hashtags en una base de datos y, para cada uno de ellos, calcula el “sentimiento”. Esto implica el uso de procesos estadísticos para el reconocimiento del “sentimiento” como: el cálculo de la media ponderada, la desviación estándar y la distribución entre -5 a +5, el rango de puntuación usado por el léxico. Finalmente, se realiza una evaluación humana con el objetivo de comparar los resultados derivados del sistema automático. AbstractThis paper presents a method for analyzing social media and digital governance in smart cities. This research, after selecting a group of issues related to people’s concerns about daily life in cities, makes use of Afinn lexicon as dictionary with sentiment score in order to recognize and measure the strength of individual words. The experiment retrieves different tweets classified by hashtags in a database and calculates an average sentiment. It involves some statistical processes for the recognition of the topics’ sentiment: the calculation of the weighted average, the standard deviation, and the distribution among -5 to +5, based on the score range used by the lexicon. Finally, human evaluation is used to compare results from the automatic system.