Scipedia: Documents published in 2015

News and social networks: audience behavior

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 14:43:44 +0200

Based on a quantitative approach, this paper presents some of the preliminary results of a research project focused on the analysis of the motivations that encourage citizens to actively participate in online news media, using the mechanisms provided by their websites, and through open social network platforms. The findings show that, although there is a widespread discourse of distrust in connection to journalists and the traditional media institutions, as well as general criticism of the actual practices of journalists, the common understanding of the participatory dimension of the media does not entail discourses of change or modification of the existing hegemony. Instead of turning to alternative sources, such as citizen journalism or non-traditional media, or taking the lead by creating their own content, citizens prefer to continue to respect journalism as a profession and the traditional media institutions as the main producers of news as well as the most trusted sources of information. Furthermore, although in previous studies audience participation “in” the media has been highlighted, the findings of this research show that the practice of user recommendation or dissemination of media content through social networks has been adopted by a large number of citizens

New media, new ecosystem

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 14:43:33 +0200

In recent decades, technological advances have enabled the news to go farther, faster and to more consumers. The spatial and temporal constraints that had always affected the information sector lost their importance, opening a window of opportunity thanks to digitization and the internet massification. However, the promised potential quickly faded: the lack of investment, excessive voluntarism and the distance between media companies and research led the media industry to successive failures, with thousands of media closed worldwide. Today, there is no doubt that journalism is experiencing one of the worst periods in its history. It may sound strange that technological evolution has converted an opportunity into a difficulty, but it happened. Nonetheless, how can the process be reversed, transforming the current difficulty into the previous opportunity? This paper delivers some proposals that seek to explore the potential of mobile devices and looks towards these as an escape from the crisis that affects the media companies.

Agenda

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 14:43:23 +0200

Blasphemy and defamation of religion laws. Implications for media and librarians

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 14:43:09 +0200

The attack on the weekly Charlie Hebdo by Muslim fanatics is discussed. The author argues that freedom of expression includes the criticism of religious ideas, based on Articles 18 and 19 of the UN’s Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The types of problematic incidents that occur in connection with religious beliefs, such as blasphemy, defamation and hate speech are reviewed. The relativity of the blasphemy concept, which varies across countries and eras –after science had dismantled unfounded beliefs- is discussed. Several laws are analyzed and court proceedings and penalties imposed in religious cases in several countries are presented. The repeal of blasphemy laws is advocated because they restrict freedom of expression and belief. Legal systems that recognize blasphemy as a crime are a threat to libraries and other institutions of information if they provide access to allegedly blasphemous content.

Nano-media: From amateur blogs to professional information on the internet

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 14:42:55 +0200

Nano-media have become one of the successful business models of blogs and have started a new information trend that has consolidated since the birth of the main services about ten years ago. This article revises the origins of the nano medium, starting with the initial concepts about the use of blogs, and analyses how they have evolved, taking as the main parameters their commercial development, volume of business, and search for a distinctive identity in opposition to the major online media. These parameters are especially characteristic of a cyberjournalism which is independent from mainstream media.

Methodological strategies for users and social media research: content analysis, grounded theory and discourse analysis

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 14:42:35 +0200

Content analysis, the constructivist version of grounded theory and discourse analysis of discursive psychology are analyzed in the context of research on how users generate and share information on social media. For each of the three designs, the research question, methods of data analysis and research output are studied. This combination of three methodologies is valuable to gain knowledge about the user in that environment, defining the object of study from various aspects of user interaction with information.

Influential factors, drivers and barriers in competitive intelligence system implementations: case study and quantitative analysis

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 14:42:11 +0200

Every organizational change project will surely find obstacles and drivers, and the start-up of a competitive intelligence (CI) system confirms the rule. This paper describes the main features of six CI projects leaded by IK4-Ideko , pointing out the challenges and support they experienced while conducting it. This analysis is complemented by quantitatively analyzing the effects of 21 factors considered to have influence on CI system implementation. Results show that CI tools act as drivers and that no factor clearly acts as a barrier for CI, even though human factors are perceived to be nearly inconsequential. The overall handiness of information and the good execution of the first steps of the project can be important factors for future studies.

New media and innovative companies. Media agencies case study

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 14:41:47 +0200

Digital media open new horizons for research and advertising strategies. Media agencies must adapt their activity to this new reality in order to continue reaching the public and take advantage of business opportunities. This article outlines how this process of assimilation of new media in advertising campaigns expands the services offered by the agencies, building the pillars so that they can be considered innovative companies. To do this, it focuses on the 10 media agencies that manage the largest share of advertising investment in Spain, according to the Infoadex ranking. These companies contribute to the ‘Innovation union’ initiative of the Europe 2020 Strategy.

Special features in online journalism. Ten years of Premios Goya and Oscar Awards in Elpais.com (2005-2014)

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 14:41:26 +0200

The transformation of traditional journalism into online journalism has brought with it a process of translating paper-based formats and procedures into online ones. The first digital teams incorporated the different journalistic genres, with special features about planned events such as election processes, galas, awards ceremonies and musical festivals. Since 2005, Elpais.com has continuously published special features devoted to both the Goya and Oscar awards. The observation and analysis of those interactive and multimedia features provides insight not only into the evolution of stories in digital media, but also into the definition and emergence of an interactive genre of digital media such as the story or feature divided into phases.

From transmedia to repurposing journalism. Elpais. com press coverage about case of ebola in Spain

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 14:41:06 +0200

Transmedia storytelling has become a useful strategy for fiction, documentaries, and for marketing and corporate communication. However, the study of this new tool applied to journalism and reporting has received less attention and has been more recent and theoretical. The aim of the present work is to determine whether or not Elpais.com has employed trans media storytelling in the press coverage of the first confirmed case of ebola in Spain.

Mobile apps of Spanish talk radio stations. Analysis of SER, Radio Nacional, COPE and Onda Cero’s proposals

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 14:40:44 +0200

Mobile devices today have become the center of our connectivity. Radio companies tailor their content in several ways: podcasting, streaming, and mobile applications. The aim of this paper is to learn more about the mobile app content of the most popular talk radio stations in Spain. For this purpose, in January 2015 we conducted a qualitative content analysis in order to establish the type of products provided, their structure and hierarchy, and to determine to what extent Spanish talk radio stations are taking full advantage of this new potential.

New media innovation: the case of entrepreneurial sports journalism

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 14:40:26 +0200

Entrepreneurial journalism is the set of projects created since 2008 by journalists to deal with the transformation of the Spanish media market. Specialization in sports stands out as one of the levers of growth, constituting around 17 per cent of the new media outlets. The degree of innovation in journalism production are analyzed through the measurement of two elements: their value proposition, in particular their business model, and the new ways of storytelling deployed in journalism. We identified and assessed 65 new media according to their degree of innovation. We concluded that new projects generating traditional genres (news, information services) are less innovative in the pursuit of business models. Conversely, the use of different genres (slow journalism) goes hand in hand with models not based only on advertising and sales. In conclusion, while there is little innovation in 41 projects of sports news, at least 8 initiatives with an innovative proposal stand out.

Quality perception of entertainment TV shows in Spain: production values

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 14:40:05 +0200

The aim of this paper is to analyse which production values are more determinant regarding the audience’s quality perception with respect to different types of entertainment television genres. In order to develop this study, we have taken into account production values such as the creative and technical quality, the host, the set and the content. The main source of data for this empirical study is an original survey. The target population consisted of the Spanish population and the sample was designed to be representative. The results show that in spite of the emergence of the connected TV –resulting from the convergence of television and the internet–, which is profoundly changing the audiovisual market, the cornerstone of their business remains the same: content quality.

The myth of the global conversation. uses of Twitter in Catalan and Belgian newsrooms

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 14:39:42 +0200

The findings of a study of the use of social networks in newsrooms are presented. The objects of study are Catalan and Belgian journalists. A traditional newspaper and a pure player of each region are studied through qualitative (in-depth interviews and non-participant observation) and quantitative techniques (content analysis of corporate Twitter accounts) collected between 2013 and 2014. The journalists have adapted the microblogging site in their daily work routines to access information and to disseminate their own content; however, contact with sources and conversation with the audience, which are recommended uses in the 2.0 communication system to encourage bidirectionality, were limited.

Social media and television: a bibliographic review based on the Web of Science

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 14:39:07 +0200

Una de las principales tendencias en la investigación actual sobre televisión se centra en el creciente papel de los medios sociales en el consumo televisivo. Este artículo revisa la bibliografía encontrada sobre medios sociales y televisión en la base de datos bibliográfica Web of Science desde 2005 a 2013. El objetivo es resaltar las cuestiones de investigación que están liderando el estudio tales como el debate sobre la definición de televisión social, el papel central de Twitter como principal herramienta social para la realización de actividades de “segunda pantalla”, los formatos de tele-realidad como los más comentados en las redes sociales, junto con otras formas de expresión del fenómeno fan. Las conclusiones de este artículo reflexionan sobre posibles limitaciones de estos análysis y subraya nuevas líneas de investigación.

2014 Ranking of journalistic innovation in Spain. Analysis and classification of 25 initiatives

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 14:38:40 +0200

The 2014

Ideas to revitalize research about online media

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 14:38:20 +0200

Digital news media –and, together with them, the scholarly research on this phenomenon– are entering their third decade. Throughout the years, research on online journalism has progressed and diversified considerably. However, some areas could still achieve further development. The author proposes five ideas to give a boost to this research discipline in the next decade: 1) move towards a digital native research framework; 2) use advanced technologies in research; 3) focus on research that encourages innovation; 4) increase the amount of analytical research, instead of descriptive studies; and 5) investigate unexplored topics and areas.

Agenda

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 14:38:05 +0200

Descripción del software OdiloTT

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 14:37:46 +0200

Chinese social media strategies: Communication key features from a business perspective

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 14:37:21 +0200

Some of the most attractive economies are located in emerging markets. In this sense, China is one of the most attractive markets in the world. The Web, especially social media, is a platform that can be used to penetrate these markets. Yet, many local and multinational enterprises, particularly the latter, know little about the relationship between Chinese social media and Chinese digital consumers. In this paper the unique Chinese social media landscape is introduced, and the profiles of Chinese digital customers are presented with the aim of informing enterprises about the key features of Chinese social media strategies. In addition, the predominant use of Chinese social media marketing is elucidated and analyzed based on several case studies. We then highlight the challenges for both local and multinational corporations when they are involved in Chinese social media marketing. We discuss current trends in Chinese social media, including cross-platform cooperation and integrated social media, group buying, and mobile social media. Finally, we offer recommendations for companies that wish to successfully engage with Chinese consumers through social media.

Data services: a strategic function of 21st century libraries

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 14:36:57 +0200

Se plantea la oportunidad que se les presenta a las bibliotecas de transformarse y dar nuevos servicios de gestión y explotación de los datos. Se ofrece una breve definición de los servicios de datos en la biblioteca. Para demostrar que no es algo disonante para el entorno bibliotecario, se explica el significado del término datos (data ) en múltiples contextos y se realiza un recorrido histórico por la evolución de este tipo de servicios: desde las primeras bibliotecas de datos en ciencias sociales en el entorno anglosajón hasta los actuales servicios de gestión de datos de investigación y data curation . A continuación se amplían las funciones del servicio de datos como un eje estratégico para el análisis y el conocimiento interno de la institución, siempre liderado por la biblioteca. Finalmente se abordan los perfiles de los nuevos profesionales, los conocimientos y la formación necesarios para poder ofrecer las funciones requeridas desde bibliotecas.

Public libraries and 3D printers: the debate is open

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 14:36:36 +0200

The introduction of 3D printers in public libraries presents opportunities and challenges, and in some respects they can be problematic. Successful experiences and the relationships established with the community through the shared creation and innovation that this new technology can generate are analyzed. Some reference documents are presented for centers considering the introduction of 3D printers.

eBiblio, e-book lending services for public libraries

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 14:36:07 +0200

Spain’s Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport has promoted an ebooks project through which Spanish public libraries acquire the licenses for the use of e-books and a computer system that manages the loans. The eBiblio platform allows users of public libraries with internet access to download and read ebooks and audiobooks. The service has been available since September of 2014 through the library networks of various cities and regions.

Neuroscience advances and their implications for Information Science

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 14:35:41 +0200

Insights from the recent wealth of popular books on neuroscience are offered to suggest a strengthening of theory in information science. Information theory has traditionally neglected the human dimension in favour of ‘scientific’ approaches often derived from the Shannon-Weaver model. Neuroscientists argue in excitingly fresh ways from the evidence of case studies, non-intrusive experimentation and the measurements that can be obtained from technologies that include electroencephalography, positron emission tomography (PET), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and magnetoencephalography (MEG). The way in which the findings of neuroscience intersect with ideas such as those of Kahneman on fast and slow thinking and Csikszentmihalyi on flow, is tentatively explored as lines of connection with information science. It is argued that the beginnings of a theoretical underpinning for current web-based information searching, as opposed to established information retrieval methods, can be drawn from this. It is proposed that collaborative research programmes between neuroscientists and information scientists could be extremely revealing.

Comparison of Zipf’s law in textual content and oral discourse

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 14:35:11 +0200

Zipf’s law is a theory based on mathematics and linguistics that analyzes and quantifies how words are distributed within a text. It is possible to represent by graphs and statistical analyzes which are the terms that are repeated over so that a ranking of keywords is created. This research found, through the Zipf’s law, variations and uniformities of written academic papers and they presented orally. The oral presentations were inserted in video form on YouTube, it was possible to recover automatically the transcript of the audio. Using a Bash script, texts and transcribed presentations were quantified and organized, thereby creating tag clouds and tables with rankings, facilitating the analysis of the contents. It was possible to identify the spheres of content, identifying common words or not and, mathematically, analyze and compare what was written with what was presented in oral discourse.

Information and competitive advantage. Successful coexistence in vanguard organizations

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 14:34:47 +0200

Across a series of concepts and aspects associated to information management and knowledge, the importance of information to contemporary organizations is underlined. This is especially true when the company or institution relies on mechanisms that allow a free information flow and transfer, as well as knowledge generation. To highlight the importance of the information-knowledge relationship, the following concepts are emphasized: generation of differential value, organizational learning, competitive advantage, organizational schemes of information management and knowledge, human capital and information technologies.

Meeting new readers in the transition to digital newspapers: Lessons from the entertainment industry

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 14:34:26 +0200

In this work, carried out at the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Center for Management of Enterprise Media, Entertainment, and Sports (Memes), we suggest that there is hope and reason for media companies to expect a recovery from the current crisis. As journalists and researchers in communication, we are concerned about newspapers’ sustainability, and we refuse to consider a future scenario without the press. According to this objective we focus on the entertainment industry with the goal of learning from it how to survive and even grow despite freely available content on the Web. We consider the unstoppable growth in users and revenue experienced by Netflix, Amazon and iTunes, and pull from it lessons learned that might help newspapers to navigate the digital landscape. Our hypothesis is that digital newspapers can find new readers in the segment of digital consumers who already “pay” for digital content including streaming movies and television shows. Sales, subscriptions, and online rentals experienced significant growth in 2013, bringing them closer to the sales figures of hardware such as DVDs and blu-ray discs. And, although piracy is an issue in the entertainment industry, there remains room for revenue growth.

Apoyando la investigación: nuevos roles en el servicio de bibliotecas de la Universidad de Navarra

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 14:34:06 +0200

In the last few years, the Library of the University of Navarra has taken on new librarian roles, mainly related to research support. Along with tasks such as on-demand training sessions and the promotion of open access to the Library’s repository, we have started several new lines of research support. These primarily focus on advising professors about accreditation processes and six-year research evaluations, and providing data review and item validation support for the institutional research management system. We analyze these new roles and tasks that have been undertaken, together with their impact on traditional tasks, their benefits, and new perspectives for the future.

Towards the liaison librarian: transformation of library services to support teaching at the Open University of Catalonia (UOC)

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 14:33:39 +0200

The changes over the last two years in one of the two sections of the Virtual Library, the Library Services for Learning (LSL), at the Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC) are described. The main role of the LSL is to provide services for the teaching and learning processes. The article describes in detail the realization of a specific services chart for the University’s faculty, aimed at improving their efficiency in the identification and selection of learning resources for the disciplines taught at UOC.

Linked open data (LOD) and its implementation in libraries: Initiatives and technologies

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 14:33:09 +0200

The web of data is becoming one of the largest global information repositories, thanks to initiatives like LOD (linked open data) that facilitate the standardized publication of open data. The use of this paradigm offers great opportunities for libraries, applying semantic technologies to expedite data management and publication and promoting their connection to other repositories, increasing their presence and impact. In order to ensure the future of libraries in the Web of data, it is necessary to raise awareness among librarians about LOD opportunities and challenges. With this aim, we present the major initiatives in this area, along with the pioneering organizations in the use of linked data in the library domain.

The social function of public libraries: new places for learning and social inclusion

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 14:32:47 +0200

With the development of information and communication technologies, particularly with regards to the Internet, the needs of the public and the ways in which they can access information have changed. The Web is changing the role of traditional libraries and that of librarians, and we see how the future of libraries is questioned more and more every day. In this paper, we discuss the need to redefine public library services and to understand libraries as social centres rather than cultural ones. Public libraries must strive to become meeting points for learning and social inclusion. In order to accomplish this, it is necessary to assume new work profiles and to shape and redefine the workforce of librarians. Only in this way will the public library be able to have social impact and validity as a relevant service in current society.

Strong libraries, strong societies

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 14:32:27 +0200

Libraries have an impact on society by fostering equal opportunities to lifelong learning and education, research and innovation, culture and recreation for all. Strong libraries are those that have adequate capacity to meet the information needs of their user communities. Strong societies consist of informed citizens who actively participate in the life of their community and society. Crucial for strong libraries and strong societies is the democratic ideal —freedom of access to information for all.

A library is a service (and our future depends on it)

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 14:32:03 +0200

Despite their public image, libraries have always been based more on the services provided than on the collection, which is only a tool for the service. Therefore, library services should be the basis for libraries’ development and survival. The designof those services must be based on the needs of their users, who are the reason why libraries exist. As a matter of fact, the entire library should be addressed to the users, offering services that cover the needs of the broadest possible target population. Technologies that have brought about disruptive change in the model of the library can be also helpful to this purpose.

Social media profitability: marketing campaigns in libraries

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 14:31:35 +0200

Organizations should include social media marketing as a part of a digital marketing plan. Traditionally the benefits obtained fromsocial media marketing have been associated with not economical ROI, i.e., social ROI (return on influence, return on relationships, return on collaboration, reputation, branding, etc.). This study addresses the use of digital marketing campaigns by libraries for social profitability, i.e., obtaining conversions to more readers and more circulation. Concepts related to digital marketing and social media marketing, and the way different types of organizations, business and libraries use them in order to get ROI, are reviewed. The marketing benefits for libraries are presented, along with three case studies about promotion and marketing campaigns in university libraries in Spain that show how libraries can improve and increase the use of their services and products beyond their expectations with a marketing campaign of only three months.

Agenda

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 14:31:14 +0200

Información

Stakeholders how to apply the theory of interest groups in public libraries

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 14:30:49 +0200

Stakeholder theory is directly related to disciplines such as marketing and to trends such as citizen participation, both vital to the current situation of the public libraries of the XXI century. Our aim has been to define a relationship model showing the leading stakeholders for these institutions. Having established the theoretical framework, the stakeholder concept is defined and its applicability to the library environment is described. Afterwards the three phases that constitute the model are detailed: identification, prioritization and relationship with stakeholders. Finally, a series of practical examples is presented. The conclusion is that stakeholder models must be based on scientific research, and must adapt and apply interest group techniques and principles that truly build relationships between stakeholders and the library.

Solution to ensure privacy in the internet of things

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 14:30:36 +0200

New products and services offered by the “internet of things” will make us more efficient, more able to understand our environment and take action, and new assistive technologies will allow us to extend our working lives. Nonetheless, we will coexist with a large number of devices collecting information about our activities, habits, preferences, etc. This situation could threaten our privacy. Distrust could be a barrier to the full development of these new products and services. This article offers a possible solution to ensure security and privacy for personal data on the internet of things, using techniques that result from a collaboration between the business, legislative and technological areas and are designed to build trust with all stakeholders.

Structural support for entrepreneurial goals of audiovisual and journalism students in Spain

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 14:30:25 +0200

The entrepreneurial intention of a randomly selected sample of 310 students of Journalism and Media Studies in Spain and their perception of the available structural support is analyzed. The findings suggest a more than notable lack of interest in entrepreneurship as a preferred career path, as well as a lack of perception of structural support in the public or private sectors for the development of new business ventures. The study shows a higher level of entrepreneurial intent in male than in female students. Finally, the academic, legislative and social implications of the findings are discussed.

Creating forensic units in libraries

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 14:30:16 +0200

Forensic analysis techniques, usually applied in criminal research, could also be used in libraries to access digital information stored in obsolete formats or storage devices. This article analyses some examples of forensic research departments created by libraries, and describes the minimal hardware and software elements required to set up a library unit specialized in forensic analysis. Two possible equipment settings are introduced and recommendations are given on how to organize a workflow to recover information stored in floppy disks, diskettes and old hard drives.

Marketing strategies in a suburban public library. Biblioteca Font de la Mina

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 14:30:04 +0200

Collective bargaining techniques, situation analysis and a marketing plan implemented in a public library are discussed. The library, located in a neighborhood that has long been considered marginal, is part of the transformation plan for the district. With the implementation of the business strategies set out in this article, we have managed to turn the library into an influential resource for the neighborhood.

Marketing information resources in franchise companies

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 14:29:55 +0200

A descriptive analysis of marketing techniques used by Spanish and foreign franchise companies operating in Spain has been carried out. The aim was to describe and analyse the relevance of the communication resources used by these companies when providing information to their three main targeted groups: existing units (franchisees), investors who are ready to open new units (possible franchisees), and final customers of the company. The results show high use of the communication resources and, from the viewpoint of the new strategic communication theory, the conclusion suggests that these resources should be interrelated.

Social media communications strategies of tourist destinations

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 14:29:45 +0200

In order to provide recommendations for improving the way in which destinations use social networks in their communication strategy, Facebook and Twitter accounts of important Spanish tourist destinations were analysed, using online measurement tools. The results show that these destinations neglect to build a place-identity brand on the social networks and that interactive potential is largely wasted, especially in Facebook . The recommendation is to enhance user engagement by posing questions to them or posting photos, as well as focusing on brand communication, not only on disseminating tourist information.

What does user focus mean? Marketing strategy and tactics

Scipedia content — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 14:29:35 +0200

The development of a marketing concept is described, and current types are explained: inbound marketing, content marketing and relationship marketing, especially concerning libraries and information services. Marketing strategy and tactics are analyzed. Finally, current marketing trends that experts predict for the short term, and the new challenges related to these trends that libraries, and organizations in general, have to confront are discussed.

A crack-tracking technique for localized cohesive-frictional damage

María Jesús Samper — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 13:33:01 +0200

This paper extends the use of crack-tracking techniques within the smeared crack approach for the numerical simulation of cohesive–frictional damage on quasi-brittle materials. The mechanical behaviour is described by an isotropic damage model with a Mohr–Coulomb failure surface. The correct crack propagation among the two alternative fracture planes proposed by the Mohr–Coulomb theory is selected with the use of an energy criterion based on the total elastic strain energy. The simulation of three benchmark problems of mixed-mode fracture in concrete demonstrates that the proposed methodology can reproduce the material’s frictional characteristics, showing robustness, as well as mesh-size and mesh-bias independence.

3D numerical models of FSW processes with non-cylindrical pin

María Jesús Samper — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 12:59:31 +0200

Friction stir welding process is a relatively recent welding process (patented in 1991). FSW is a solid-state joining process during which materials to be joined are not melted. During the FSW process, the behaviour of the material is at the interface between solid mechanics and fluid mechanics. In this paper, a 3D numerical model of the FSW process with a non-cylindrical tool based on a solid formulation is compared to another one based on a fluid formulation. Both models use advanced numerical techniques such as the Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian formulation, remeshing or the Orthogonal Sub-Grid Scale method. It is shown that these two formulations essentially deliver the same results.

On the equivalence between traction- and stress-based approaches for the modeling of localized failure in solids

María Jesús Samper — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 12:40:53 +0200

This work investigates systematically traction- and stress-based approaches for the modeling of strong and regularized discontinuities induced by localized failure in solids. Two complementary methodologies, i.e., discontinuities localized in an elastic solid and strain localization of an inelastic softening solid, are addressed. In the former it is assumed a priori that the discontinuity forms with a continuous stress field and along the known orientation. A traction-based failure criterion is introduced to characterize the discontinuity and the orientation is determined from Mohr's maximization postulate. If the displacement jumps are retained as independent variables, the strong/regularized discontinuity approaches follow, requiring constitutive models for both the bulk and discontinuity. Elimination of the displacement jumps at the material point level results in the embedded/smeared discontinuity approaches in which an overall inelastic constitutive model fulfilling the static constraint suffices. The second methodology is then adopted to check whether the assumed strain localization can occur and identify its consequences on the resulting approaches. The kinematic constraint guaranteeing stress boundedness and continuity upon strain localization is established for general inelastic softening solids. Application to a unified stress-based elastoplastic damage model naturally yields all the ingredients of a localized model for the discontinuity (band), justifying the first methodology. Two dual but not necessarily equivalent approaches, i.e., the traction-based elastoplastic damage model and the stress-based projected discontinuity model, are identified. The former is equivalent to the embedded and smeared discontinuity approaches, whereas in the later the discontinuity orientation and associated failure criterion are determined consistently from the kinematic constraint rather than given a priori. The bi-directional connections and equivalence conditions between the traction- and stress-based approaches are classified. Closed-form results under plane stress condition are also given. A generic failure criterion of either elliptic, parabolic or hyperbolic type is analyzed in a unified manner, with the classical von Mises (J2), Drucker–Prager, Mohr–Coulomb and many other frequently employed criteria recovered as its particular cases.

On the conformity of strong, regularized, embedded and smeared discontinuity approaches for the modeling of localized failure in solids

María Jesús Samper — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 12:31:59 +0200

Once strain localization occurs in softening solids, inelastic loading behavior is restricted within a narrow band while the bulk unloads elastically. Accordingly, localized failure in solids can be approached by embedding or smearing a traction-based inelastic discontinuity (band) within an (equivalent) elastic matrix along a specific orientation. In this context, the conformity of the strong/regularized and embedded/smeared discontinuity approaches are investigated, regarding the strategies dealing with the kinematics and statics. On one hand, the traction continuity condition imposed in weak form results in the strong and regularized discontinuity approaches, with respect to the approximation of displacement and strain discontinuities. In addition to the elastic bulk, consistent plastic-damage cohesive models for the discontinuities are established. The conformity between the strong discontinuity approach and its regularized counterpart is shown through the fracture energy analysis. On the other hand, the traction continuity condition can also be enforced point-wisely in strong form so that the standard principle of virtual work applies. In this case, the static constraint resulting from traction continuity can be used to eliminate the kinematic variable associated with the discontinuity (band) at the material level. This strategy leads to embedded and smeared discontinuity models for the overall weakened solid which can also be cast into the elastoplastic degradation framework with a different kinematic decomposition. Being equivalent to the kinematic constraint guaranteeing stress continuity upon strain localization, Mohr’s maximization postulate is adopted for the determination of the discontinuity orientation. Closed-form results are presented in plane stress conditions, with the classical Rankine, Mohr–Coulomb, von Mises and Drucker–Prager criteria as illustrative examples. The orientation of the discontinuity (band) and the stress-based failure criteria consistent with the given traction-based counterparts are derived. Finally, a generic failure criterion of either elliptic, parabolic or hyperbolic type, appropriate for the modeling of mixed-mode failure, is analyzed in a unified manner. Furthermore, a novel method is proposed to calibrate the involved mesoscopic parameters from available macroscopic test data, which is then validated against Willam’s numerical test.

Material flow visualization in Friction Stir Welding via particle tracing

María Jesús Samper — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 12:19:16 +0200

This work deals with the modeling of the material flow in Friction Stir Welding (FSW) processes using particle tracing method. For the computation of particle trajectories, three accurate and computationally efficient integration methods are implemented within a FE model for FSW process: the Backward Euler with Sub-stepping (BES), the 4-th order Runge–Kutta (RK4) and the Back and Forth Error Compensation and Correction (BFECC) methods. Firstly, their performance is compared by solving the Zalesak’s disk benchmark. Later, the developed methodology is applied to some FSW problems providing a quantitative 2D and 3D view of the material transport in the process area. The material flow pattern is compared to the experimental evidence.

Explicit mixed strain-displacement finite element for dynamic geometrically non-linear solid mechanics

María Jesús Samper — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 12:10:59 +0200

Low-order finite elements face inherent limitations related to their poor convergence properties. Such difficulties typically manifest as mesh-dependent or excessively stiff behaviour when dealing with complex problems. A recent proposal to address such limitations is the adoption of mixed displacement-strain technologies which were shown to satisfactorily address both problems. Unfortunately, although appealing, the use of such element technology puts a large burden on the linear algebra, as the solution of larger linear systems is needed. In this paper, the use of an explicit time integration scheme for the solution of the mixed strain-displacement problem is explored as an alternative. An algorithm is devised to allow the effective time integration of the mixed problem. The developed method retains second order accuracy in time and is competitive in terms of computational cost with the standard irreducible formulation.

Stress-accurate Mixed FEM for soil failure under shallow foundations involving strain localization in plasticity

María Jesús Samper — Mon, 08 Apr 2019 11:24:37 +0200

The development of slip lines, due to strain localization, is a common cause for failure of soil in many circumstances investigated in geotechnical engineering. Through the use of numerical methods – like finite elements – many practitioners are able to take into account complex geometrical and physical conditions in their analyses. However, when dealing with shear bands, standard finite elements display lack of precision, mesh dependency and locking. This paper introduces a (stabilized) mixed finite element formulation with continuous linear strain and displacement interpolations. Von Mises and Drucker–Prager local plasticity models with strain softening are considered as constitutive law. This innovative formulation succeeds in overcoming the limitations of the standard formulation and provides accurate results within the vicinity of the shear bands, specifically without suffering from mesh dependency. Finally, 2D and 3D numerical examples demonstrate the accuracy and robustness in the computation of localization bands, without the introduction of additional tracking techniques as usually required by other methods.

Scientific communication in 2014: Altmetrics

Scipedia content — Tue, 02 Apr 2019 10:28:22 +0200

Recent development of online tools based on Web 2.0 are enabling the creation of metrics on the number of users who “read”, “comment”, “tweet”, “share” or “discuss” scientific and academic papers. All these metrics are commonly known as ‘altmetrics’. Altmetrics have gained importance recently because in the field of scientific communication and evaluation they are increasingly considered a key data source for studying the ‘social impact’ of science. This progress report presents an overview of the major conceptual advances, events and projects that have occurred around altmetrics in 2014, and also reflects on possible developments and practical applications that are expected in this area in the near future.

Mobile technology and libraries in 2014: expanding the mobility concept

Scipedia content — Tue, 02 Apr 2019 10:27:29 +0200

The most significant developments in the field of mobile technology in 2014 are reviewed, with the aim of obtaining an overview of the sector and its market penetration in the library and reading worlds. First, major developments in terms of devices, operating systems, standards, applications and technologies are examined. Then we analyze their use by readers and libraries, both internationally and in Spain. To conclude, in a prospective exercise, we describe the mobility trends that we will see soon in our libraries.

Situation report 2015: profession and university studies

Scipedia content — Mon, 01 Apr 2019 11:41:56 +0200

A review of various reports and studies reveals the most important aspects and events in 2014 of the library and information science (LIS) profession and academic programs. The economic crisis in Spain has continued to hit hard, although to a lesser extent. In this environment, a general major concern is to demonstrate the social benefits delivered by libraries. The profession is becoming more hybridized with other professional sectors. As for university education, we note a slight improvement in the statistical data, but also an outrageous structural reform of university cycles by the Spanish Ministry of Education. There has also been an unfair tightening of accreditation agency requirements for the approval of six-year research periods for academic researchers in LIS.

A summary of IFLA, Eblida, Liber and Fesabid activities in 2014

Scipedia content — Mon, 01 Apr 2019 11:41:47 +0200

This review reflects on the activities carried out during 2014 by four professional associations on Library and Information Science: IFLA (International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions), Eblida (European Bureau of Library, Information and Documentation Associations), Liber (Association of European Research Libraries) and Fesabid (Spanish Federation of Archive, Library, Documentation and Museum Societies). Regarding the situation in Spain, the author regrets the current fragmentation into small local associations, despite the existence of a federation (Fesabid), because this weakens the Spanish professional community as a whole.

Semantic web; RDF 1.1; Data on the web; Best practices; Semantic markup; SKOS; Wikipedia; DBpedia; WikiData; Europeana; Digital Public Library of America.

Scipedia content — Mon, 01 Apr 2019 11:41:39 +0200

This report highlights the most important recent activity in the field of semantic web, analyzing the most innovative aspects of the new RDF 1.1 recommendation, and discussing the first public working draft of Data on the web best practices. The evolution of semantic markup is analyzed, both from the point of view of standards and the practical applications on the Web. Wikipedia is identified as a dynamic factor in the semantic web, especially through the DBpedia and WikiData initiatives. Europeana and the Digital Public Library of America are clear references in the description of networked digital resources.

Open access in 2014: The progress continues

Scipedia content — Mon, 01 Apr 2019 11:41:30 +0200

Presentation of the main projects and initiatives related to open access conducted during 2014, based on a bibliographical review of published studies and analysis of some activities that occurred that year. It has been divided into four sections: repositories, journals, research data and promotion policies. We found maturity and robustness of the open access movement, which continues to advance on all fronts, with a tendency to broaden the focus to what is called open science.

Digital media in 2014: an alternative balance

Scipedia content — Mon, 01 Apr 2019 11:41:21 +0200

Some aspects that have characterized the evolution of online media over the last year are analysed, paying special attention to pending matters still to be addressed. Since the advent of the internet, media have delegated their survival to technological innovations, and 2014 was no exception. Data journalism, robot journalism, and hi-tech journalism..., are some of the labels devised for different technological models by online media worldwide last year. However, user-centred innovations are the most creative and potentially successful ones.

Report on the status of social media in the field of information science in 2014 and prospects for 2015

Scipedia content — Mon, 01 Apr 2019 11:41:11 +0200

In an analysis of the development of social media throughout 2014 and their impact among information professionals and institutions, some of the trends that experts consider most likely to appear in 2015 are described.

Ebook subscription services: models and trends

Scipedia content — Mon, 01 Apr 2019 11:41:02 +0200

The distribution of electronic books is being transformed from the sale of individual titles to a subscription model, and many subscription services have been created in recent years. The main services are described and compared, detailing their advantages and disadvantages. More than the number of titles offered, their success depends on their ability to retai users, providing value-added services such as customization, recommendations, discovery, and opinion sharing.

Electronic books: main trends and prospective

Scipedia content — Mon, 01 Apr 2019 11:40:45 +0200

Electronic books have experienced a series of transformations throughout 2014 that affec the entire value chain of the book –authors, publishers, libraries and readers-. Some of the movements begun in previous years were consolidated in 2014, such as growth in the worldwide production of electronic books, development of new reading devices, or increases in digital reading and digital library loans. At the same time new aspects emerged, including strong development of mobile and connected reading, self publishing or business models associated with streaming modes for reading and subscription. These processes are analyzed and the scope and future possibilities are assessed.

Moocs: current status, challenges and opportunities

Scipedia content — Mon, 01 Apr 2019 11:40:37 +0200

Moocs (massive open online courses) are a powerful innovation within the global knowledge system. This report describes and presents their key features, challenges that must be overcome for their implementation and good outcomes, and opportunities posed to information and communication professionals and scholars. A selection of existing courses of potential interest to librarians and information specialists is offered.

Perceptions 2014: An international survey of library automation

Scipedia content — Mon, 01 Apr 2019 11:40:29 +0200

Results are presented of an online survey answered by 3,141 libraries in 80 countries between 12 December 2014 and 29 January 2015, based on their experiences with a total of 154 integrated library systems (ILS). The best products classified in the various categories analysed were Polaris, Apollo (Biblionix), Alma and Aleph (Ex Libris), Sierra (Innovative Interfaces), WorldShare Management Services (OCLC), Koha (independend or self managed), Library.Solution (The Library Corporation) and Opals. The original English report was published February 10, 2015 on the author’s website: http://librarytechnology.org/perceptions/2014

Virtual libraries in 2014, year of the linked open data model consolidation

Scipedia content — Mon, 01 Apr 2019 11:40:19 +0200

The most important developments that have taken place in virtual libraries during 2014 are described. We focus on projects with a great impact, technological advancement and normative influence, especially Europeana, the Digital Public Library of America, and Hispana. We note how these large projects, based on the use of common standards and linked open data, have made it possible for archives, libraries and museums to form consolidated virtual libraries with an enormous volume of data and information of all kinds.

La gran disrupción: la Web + los dispositivos móviles y lo que podemos hacer

Scipedia content — Mon, 01 Apr 2019 11:40:01 +0200

Las tecnologías disruptivas son aquellas que marcan nuevas épocas. Merecen este nombre porque interrumpen, literalmente, muchas cosas. No solamente líneas de desarrollo, sino también formas de pensar. Y son tan importantes porque, aunque cada tecnología disruptiva nace en un nicho concreto, su influencia acaba extendiéndose a casi todos los ámbitos de la sociedad.Como el lector habrá imaginado (si está leyendo un libro ThinkEPI es que es muy perspicaz) nos estamos refiriendo a la combinación de la Web por un lado y de los dispositivos móviles por otro, cosa que nos da la web móvil, el elemento más disruptivo de nuestros tiempos.

Quién es quien en el Anuario Thinkepi 2015

Scipedia content — Mon, 01 Apr 2019 10:06:45 +0200

Breve

Advances of Bibframe in 2014

Scipedia content — Mon, 01 Apr 2019 10:06:38 +0200

The progress made by the Bibliographic framework initiative (Bibframe) in 2014 is described. Developments are related to the consolidation of Bibframe at the organizational level, as an element of cooperation between institutions, including those who have different views on linked open data such as OCLC and the Library of Congress. The implementers list has been greatly expanded, making it possible to evaluate Bibframe for various new applications. Finally, advances in the Bibframe data model and in tools available to test this model are summarized.

Ebook quality

Scipedia content — Mon, 01 Apr 2019 10:06:29 +0200

The poor orthotypographical quality of many ebooks is not intrinsic to the characteristics of the epub format, but the lack of professionalism in their production. The resulting bad products may be responsible for the scant development of this kind of book distribution.

Some questions about the old and the new SEO

Scipedia content — Mon, 01 Apr 2019 10:06:22 +0200

The changes introduced in the Google algorithms in recent years have led to an apparent loss of relevance of SEO (search engine optimization) as a field of study and practice. The characteristics of the old and the new SEO are examined, arriving at the conclusion that SEO remains as relevant as ever, or even more so. As a result of the changes introduced, the new SEO is more oriented in favor of user experience, compared to the old algorithms.

Statistics in usability tests: Roll up your sleeves and have no fear

Scipedia content — Mon, 01 Apr 2019 10:06:15 +0200

Within a website design process, usability evaluation is a key step to ensure success. Among the various evaluation methods, user testing provides information about potential performance problems, such as the effectiveness and efficiency with which users perform tasks on the web. In this context of evaluation and performance measurement, statistics is a tool that provides validity and reliability to the tests’ results, and delivers the evidence needed to make better design decisions.

Basic data analysis and presentation tools on the Net

Scipedia content — Mon, 01 Apr 2019 10:06:06 +0200

We offer some thoughts on the need for the field of open data to evolve from the production to exploitation stage. We detail the process of generating a simple display: knowledge of sources and data extraction, local analysis or in the cloud, and using the tools needed to present the data. Information is offered on free tools readily available on the Net that an information specialist should know. Finally, knowledge acquisition in the field of data is reinterpreted, and illustrated with an example, London: the information capital, that provides advanced visualizations based on open data.

Information visualization: between aesthetic impact and effective communication

Scipedia content — Mon, 01 Apr 2019 10:05:58 +0200

Nowadays, visualization is used in all contexts. However, there is a gap or mismatch between the intensive use of visualization and our low level of visual knowledge. The creation and proper use of effective information visualizations is constrained by rules or principles that guarantee their effectiveness in communicating a message. Many of these principles come from psychology and, specifically, from the theory of perception. Other principles emerge from the structure of information and the visual power of tables and graphs. Despite all of these considerations, two key principles must be kept in mind when creating and using information visualizations within a communications strategy: the principle of objectivity and the principle of data-ink ratio.

Three ways to put a library card on a cell phone

Scipedia content — Mon, 01 Apr 2019 10:05:51 +0200

Three solutions, along with their advantages and disadvantages, are shown to bring the library card to the smartphone: barcode reproduction, Passbook type applications, and NFC technology. Some are simple to implement and others more complex, but all are technically feasible and can be implemented immediately. The smart card concept, which provides a new avenue of communication between the library and the user, is also introduced. Finally, uses of iBeacons are explored.

¿Cómo financiar el acceso abierto en ciencias humanas y sociales? Una propuesta bienintencionada

Scipedia content — Mon, 01 Apr 2019 10:05:42 +0200

Reseña

Open access en ciencias sociales y humanidades: argumentos a favor y en contra

Scipedia content — Mon, 01 Apr 2019 10:05:35 +0200

Reseña

¿Qué se ha escrito hasta ahora sobre la publicación en acceso abierto?

Scipedia content — Mon, 01 Apr 2019 10:05:28 +0200

Reseña

Establecimiento de un mercado justo de pagos por publicar en acceso abierto

Scipedia content — Mon, 01 Apr 2019 10:05:20 +0200

Reseña

El camino incierto de la gestión de los datos

Scipedia content — Mon, 01 Apr 2019 10:05:13 +0200

Reseña

Alud de datos

Scipedia content — Mon, 01 Apr 2019 10:05:05 +0200

Reseña

En qué punto se encuentra el acceso abierto. Cómo medirlo

Scipedia content — Mon, 01 Apr 2019 10:04:58 +0200

Reseña

Wikipedia as an object of research

Scipedia content — Mon, 01 Apr 2019 10:04:50 +0200

This short paper analyzes Wikipedia as an object of scientific research, contrasting various studies dealing with that popular encyclopedia. The conclusion is that Wikipedia, as a manifestation of collaborative production and consumption of knowledge, is a valid subject of scientific research.

Around gold open access

Scipedia content — Mon, 01 Apr 2019 10:04:43 +0200

Against the background of the recently announced European Commission FP7 post-grant Gold open access pilot, this note addresses the increasingly relevant role that gold open access (OA) is playing in the scholarly communications landscape and argues that the “gold vs green” controversy is of little use for increasing worldwide OA implementation. The text highlights the role played by funding agencies in developing the OA landscape and analyses the role that libraries may play in supporting researchers for managing their article processing charges (APCs) at institutional level. Some challenges posed by the gradual expansion of gold OA are also examined, including the transition in business models that journals are undergoing.

Altmetrics: alternative librarians or librarians’ alternative

Scipedia content — Mon, 01 Apr 2019 10:04:36 +0200

In recent years academic librarians have focussed their activities on supporting researchers in various aspects of their scientific activity. In this scenario of support for research and bibliometric studies, librarians increasingly need to know, test, experiment with, use and disseminate altmetrics (alternative metrics). A review of altmetrics indicators is presented, and the role of librarians is considered, particularly university librarians, who should be active and engaged in this area. Steps that librarians should take to incorporate almetrics into their daily work routine are proposed.

Thomson Reuters’ new citation indexes offer opportunities to improve university rankings

Scipedia content — Mon, 01 Apr 2019 10:04:28 +0200

In the last few years, Thomson Reuters has launched two new scientific data sources: Book citation index and Data citation index. The renowned family of citation indexes has been expanded to six members, including journal articles, proceedings papers, books, book chapters and research data. For the first time ever we have the chance to include this wide variety of scientific formats in developing bibliometric tools such as university rankings. For some, this would end the serious coverage limitations derived from their exclusive reliance on journal articles. In this short article we suggest the creation of a ranking of Spanish universities based on the various citation indexes and we reflect on their potential interest as well as on their limitations.

Evaluating criteria of research activity: damages to the system of scientific communication in Spanish

Scipedia content — Mon, 01 Apr 2019 10:04:20 +0200

Some negative consequences of the criteria for evaluating research production of Spanish scholars are described. The prevalence of the Journal citation reports impact factor is harmful for the scientific publications of Spanish publishers, limits the open access policies of university publishers and university libraries, and excludes research activities of numerous areas of social sciences and humanities.

Special characteristics of the dissemination of mathematics research

Scipedia content — Mon, 01 Apr 2019 10:04:13 +0200

We present and discuss some differential aspects of scientific publications on mathematics in relation to other sciences. This discipline should be treated as a distinct case from the point of view of bibliometrics, information science, and productivity assessment of mathematics researchers.

Evaluation of Spanish journals: steps towards a system that measures openness and internationality

Scipedia content — Mon, 01 Apr 2019 10:04:04 +0200

This paper has as its starting point the premise that it is useful for the Spanish research ecosystem to have consolidated, open journals with international influence. Evaluation of journals is important because of the role of publications in establishing research credentials. Features required to achieve a balanced and fair evaluation system are described. The tools currently available to this purpose in Spain have major limitations. A proposal based on the ISOC database is presented, providing new assessment criteria that combine the trajectory or track record, openness and internationality of the Spanish humanities and social sciences academic journals.

The San Francisco Declaration (DORA) and bad bibliometrics

Scipedia content — Mon, 01 Apr 2019 10:03:56 +0200

The San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment (DORA) not only criticizes the misuse of Garfield’s impact factor as a tool for the evaluation of scientific activity, but implicitly questions citation analysis in particular and bibliometric practice in general. The work of the professional bibliometric community is defended, identifying technical errors and commercial practices of the companies providing bibliometric data, which are largely responsible for the structural problems, while warning of a conjunctural situation that results from the generalization of “easy bibliometrics”. This situation should be corrected with a future statement of good practice now under development by a group of bibliometrists.

Journalistic hegemony and (in)active audiences

Scipedia content — Mon, 01 Apr 2019 10:03:47 +0200

Audience participation in any of its forms and denominations [public journalism, citizen journalism, participatory journalism, user generated content (UGC), etc.], seems to revitalize democracy. Public discussion is possible thanks to information and communication technologies. The reality, however, shows that the audience does not include participation among its priorities. Active audiences remain rare, and journalists’ hegemony is unlikely to be called into question.

New providers of journalistic information in the digital environment: second-generation infomediaries

Scipedia content — Mon, 01 Apr 2019 10:03:38 +0200

The digital environment is favouring the emergence of new providers of journalistic information. News services offered by large digital actors are analyzed, specifically FB Newswire, a platform launched by Facebook in April 2014 that distributes information content generated on social networks and publicly shared. This resource follows operating schemas that involve simultaneous cooperation and competition (coopetition) with the media. Furthermore, it is like a second-generation infomediary: in addition to connecting supply and demand, it adds a new function: as an independent information service that can potentially replace other media. This could dramatically alter the landscape of the information market in the digital environment and requires that media companies change their strategy. They must priorize the search for a differential value that gives them competitiveness and stop emphasizing news diffusion and transport as the heart of their business.

New challenges in managing user-generated content: the case of Charlie Hebdo

Scipedia content — Mon, 01 Apr 2019 10:03:30 +0200

News organizations have realized that certain types of information and images are more attractive than others to capture the reader’s attention, particularly stories and images about crime and entertainment, among others. At the same time, audiences have become more active, providing eyewitness photos and videos. Newsrooms are flooded with graphic materials submitted by citizens. Along with ease of access may come the publication of extreme content, even when some content may exceed moral boundaries. Publication is often justified on the basis of newsworthiness, freedom of speech, creativity and some kind of technological fatalism. The aim of this short paper is to analyze the coverage by some media outlets of the Charlie Hebdo attack, particularly the use and management of the amateur video of a Paris police officer’s cold-blooded murder. Our results identify some differences depending on the media network (Hallin; Mancini, 2004) of each newspaper. These differences are generally related to questions of ethics, and therefore we emphasize that user-generated content (UGC) must be incorporated into ethical standards of journalism, and journalists should be responsible for their proper implementation.

Google, the company that Europe loves to hate

Scipedia content — Mon, 01 Apr 2019 10:03:21 +0200

Some considerations We offer some thoughts about the apparent current climate of opinion and criticism against Google, which in the author’s opinion is not based on substantiated facts or analysis, but on perceptions, not necessarily based on any rationale. According to the author, this is a periodically repeated style of reaction against some outstanding company (formerly Apple, IBM, Microsoft, and before that Xerox, etc.). Hates, loves and indifference in this area do not seem to obey logical rules but rather some kind of reasoning that perhaps may be linked to Europe’s inability to lead in technological issues.

Europe can’t figure out how to make Google pay: the AEDE canon and other initiatives on the Continent

Scipedia content — Mon, 01 Apr 2019 10:03:12 +0200

During 2014, Germany and Spain reformed their copyright laws, with the specific goal of making Google news compensate newspaper publishers for the use of third parties’ copyrightable works. These reforms were based on ancillary rights in Germany, and unwaivable rights in Spain (until now reserved to moral –and therefore personal– rights). In Spain, as a direct consequence of the legal reform, Google news decided, for the first time, to stop offering its service in a specific country. These initiatives join earlier efforts, using both legal and jurisprudential approaches, to attempt to make the American giant pay, and they have caused a debate on whether or not the European Union should clarify its opinion on the matter, even though it may contradict existing legal doctrine, such as the decision about the use of hyperlinks in the Svensson case.

Digital media: 2013-2014

Scipedia content — Mon, 01 Apr 2019 10:03:03 +0200

A radiography of the state of digital media in 2013-2014 is presented, paying special attention to the situation in Spain, but with international references. Eleven main points are discussed: the crisis in print media, the rise of new media, digital strategies, canon Aede (aka the Google tax), mobile reading devices, brand journalism, data journalism, fact checking, multimedia storytelling, long-format journalism, and computer journalism.

Modelos de financiación y generación de ingresos: una guía útil

Scipedia content — Mon, 01 Apr 2019 10:02:55 +0200

Reseña

La Ley de transparencia. ¿Lo es realmente?

Scipedia content — Mon, 01 Apr 2019 10:02:48 +0200

Reseña

Map of web access to series and films in Spain

Scipedia content — Mon, 01 Apr 2019 10:02:41 +0200

Audiovisual content has become a major leisure option in our society, and Internet has transformed its consumption patterns and market population. Identifying the websites that support this type of leisure activity is not a simple task. With data obtained from Alexa.com, it is possible to quantify the ecosystem of websites that provide links to audiovisual content in Spain.

Social movements that exchange information and learn from each other: Plaza Podemos and the PAH school

Scipedia content — Mon, 01 Apr 2019 10:02:33 +0200

Social movements based on collective intelligence are consolidating and adding participants. Information exchange and management, as well as collaborative learning , are identified as key to success. Plaza Podemos and the PAH school (for people facing mortgage foreclosure: Plataforma de Afectados por la Hipoteca) are two good examples.

Metadata for information governance

Scipedia content — Mon, 01 Apr 2019 10:02:26 +0200

In the emerging context of data proliferation on digital media, the importance of metadata is becoming apparent. Records managers and librarians have been working many years on metadata conceptualization and standardization for digital humanities and recordkeeping purposes. The lessons learned should serve these new needs. Metadata are key elements in information governance and require global vision, conceptual clarity and accountability.

Institutional implementation of orcid identifiers: a new role for university libraries

Scipedia content — Mon, 01 Apr 2019 10:02:18 +0200

It is suggested that university librarians should collaborate in the correct implementation of orcid (Open Researcher and Contributor ID) author identifiers. There is a danger of duplicating the orcids when a university decides to implement a mass registration of its researchers. Librarians have a complex and valuable field of action, giving advice to researchers about signature formats and the characteristics and advantages of orcid identifiers.

Open culture: shared knowledge

Scipedia content — Mon, 01 Apr 2019 10:02:10 +0200

The current openness trend includes concepts such as transparency, democracy, sharing, collective, free, common, or commons, and working areas such as open access, open data, open linked data, dataset curation, open content, open research, open education, open innovation, or open knowledge. All these issues were addressed in the 13th Jornadas españolas de documentación (Fesabid 2015, 28-29 May, Gijón, Spain). The conference offered 3 tracks: 1) Public information, open data and collections: transparent administration and shared culture; 2) Open research: from open access to open data; and 3) Open education and new skills: reactivating the educational role of libraries and information services.