Scipedia: Documents published in 2013

Gender Representation in Advertising of Toys in the Christmas Period (2009-12)

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 12:39:42 +0100

This paper analyzes the representation of children’s gender in toy advertising on television during three different periods. To achieve our purpose, this study examines seven variables: Toy typologies, Gender, Values, Voiceovers, Period, Actions depicted and Interaction between characters. These variables are taken from previous works that have studied the uses and preferences in toy selection according to gender, and research that studies the ways in which advertising represents children and toys. The sample comprises 595 toy commercials broadcast on the TVE1, TVE2, Telecinco, Antena 3, Cuatro, La Sexta, Boing and Disney Channel television channels. The period of study is October to January 200910, 201011 and 201112. The choice of this period is because most toy commercials are broadcast for Christmas. The most important results are: the percentage of male characters is higher than female characters; the advertising of vehicles and action figures is associated with male characters; the values associated with vehicles and action figures are: competition, individualism, ability, physical development, creativity, power and strength, and the values associated with dolls and accessories are beauty and motherhood.

Advertising Stereotypes and Gender Representation in Social Networking Sites

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 12:39:26 +0100

This article presents the results of a quantitative and qualitative analysis of adolescent selfpresentations in Fotolog. The images which these adolescents create and share through the Net focus on the construction of the Self. Here gender and sexuality become the main structuring factors of representation. Results point to the fact adolescents selfpresentations mirror some of the categories defined by Goffman in his study of gender hyperritualization in advertising. Moreover, other gender expressions are found in the sample, such as the lesbian pose or the erotization of bodies which Gill also detects in advertising. Despite the fact that the images that adolescents upload in Social Networking Sites reproduce gender stereotypes and patriarchal patterns based in advertising, it must be said that they also elaborate a relatively varied repertoire of pictures and are able to conceive original creations. These creative selfrepresentations are the outcome of a process of negotiation of gender and sexual identity which occurs in these settings, as well as in other adolescent media practices. To avoid a thoughtless reproduction of gender stereotypes and contribute to a critical negotiation of these representations, media education is needed. This media education should take into account the way in which adolescent practices are shaped by other media consumption.

Connecting Generations. A Research and Learning Approach for Media Education and Audience Studies

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 12:39:05 +0100

Based on theoretical and methodological orientations from authors’ previous research on media and generations, this article presents a research and learning process involving supervised field work conducted by graduate students from a Master Seminar on Media Studies at FCSH, New University of Lisbon. Acting as facilitators of focus groups composed of older participants, exploring intergenerational and intragenerational differences and similarities that emerge from different age cohorts, and critically reflecting on this experience on their individual essays, students were able to build a contextual knowledge of media uses among their grandparents’ and parents’ generation in Portugal. The choice of focus groups as a tool for research and the topic of generations to be investigated within Media Studies proved to be very productive. The article argues on the potentialities of this intergenerational relation between facilitator and focus groups’ respondents as a way of activating the interactions inside the groups, leading –for instance– the participants to assume an «explaining» attitude in selfaccounting. Final notes are presented about the educational gains of this methodology for Media Education and for different branches of Media Studies, such as media and social history, journalism and the news or political participation.

Masking as a Persuasive Strategy in Advertising for Young

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 12:38:45 +0100

Los jóvenes viven hoy en una cultura multimedia donde los contenidos a los que acceden y hacen circular a través de diferentes dispositivos tecnológicos audiovisuales, forman parte de su educación informal. En ese contexto, la publicidad clásica inserta en esos medios de comunicación está dando paso a nuevas estrategias en las que la publicidad se enmascara en otros contenidos dirigidos a los jóvenes. Estos creen estar suficientemente bien informados para considerar que la influencia de la publicidad sobre ellos es relativa y afirman estar dotados de eficaces estrategias que les inmunizan contra ella. Sin embargo, como se argumenta en el presente artículo, la actual publicidad está implementando nuevas formas persuasivas que no perciben. Se presenta una investigación empírica en la que participan 154 estudiantes. Mediante un dispositivo informático interactivo procesan un total de 223 estímulos correspondientes a un medio de comunicación gráfico. Como variables dependientes se recoge el grado de acierto en la identificación de la presencia de publicidad en los estímulos y el tiempo de reacción. Los resultados muestran cómo las nuevas estrategias de enmascaramiento en publicidad evitan la toma de conciencia de los jóvenes de estar recibiendo mensajes publicitarios. Ello favorece que éstos no contraargumenten. Estos resultados abren la discusión de la pertinencia de dar a conocer a los jóvenes, en su proceso educativo, estas actuales estrategias publicitarias eficaces provenientes de los sistemas de educación informal.

The Role of the Internet and Social Networks in the Arab Uprisings An Alternative to Official Press Censorship

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 12:38:29 +0100

This research analyzes the power of the Internet and social networks in the Arab uprisings. We are interested in learning about the contribution of communication technology in low advanced societies in conflict situations and the value of the network as a link between young people who supported the changes from abroad and those who were directly involved in protests. On the importance of technology as a virtual communication tool we have conducted a series of online interviews with 30 young people from Tunisia, Egypt and Libya living in Barcelona, Madrid and Santiago de Compostela during the development of the conflicts and who were involved in the Arab Spring though the network. The research findings in this study prove that virtual support for uprisings were not based on coordinated actions, and that it was simply a confluence of similar acts coinciding in time and on the same platforms. The Internet and social networks served as elements for supporting the process and as a counterbalance to official censorship and to governmentsupportive media, and were useful for overcoming the isolation of Arab society, in order to make the conflicts visible and to attract relevant support from abroad. But it also showed that the network had constraints in the face of the consolidated propaganda infrastructure which existed in each country.

The Reasons for Non-Use of Social Networking Websites by University Students

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 12:38:06 +0100

Although social networking websites (SNSs, especially Facebook) have become highly popular with youths, some university students do not want to participate in such sites. This study explores the underlying reasons for hightech university students’ non-use of social networking websites. The study group (n=20) consisted of 18 to 25yearold undergraduate students, who were selected by the purposive sampling method. Data were collected from two large state universities in Turkey. Facebook, as one of the most popular social networking websites, was selected as a study context. Qualitative research methods were used in the data collection and analysis processes. The primary reasons for not using social networking websites were that they were perceived to be a waste of time, or an unnecessary tool; that they might lead to an addiction; that they might violate privacy concerns or share unnecessary information; and that they might invoke family concerns. Additionally, the findings indicated that most of the students did not trust virtual friendships, and did not like sharing photographs and political views online. This identification of non-user students’ attitudes about SNSs will help us to better understand individual perceptions and experiences relating to these social services.

Ethos, Pathos and Logos in Facebook. User Networking: New «Rhetor» of the 21th Century

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 12:37:37 +0100

One of the «black holes» of academic research in Communication is the shallowness of reflections on the classic origins of Communication, its aims and points of entry. In this respect, the study of communicative processes on the Internet becomes particularly relevant (specifically the social networks processes) when observed from the classic rhetorical perspective. We focus on the use of persuasion strategies (ethos, pathos, logos) as well as the abundant use of rhetorical figures. Such parameters, along with the resources that emergent technologies offer, unleash creativity and afford humanist aspects to network communication. These give online platforms an extremely persuasive strength. Thus, we may speak of the network user of the 21st century as the new «Rhetorician». Our research on Facebook addresses the presence of rhetoric in online social network communication: the user of these platforms applies communicative strategies described by the Rhetoricians dating back to GrecoRoman antiquity. The methodology in this work (the study of three typified cases and the content analysis of conversations generated on Facebook walls) allows us to intertwine rhetoric and communication today, mediated by the emergence of online networks. We propose the retrieval of certain parameters of deep, critical thought to the benefit of a more human communication.

Informal Learning through Facebook among Slovenian Pupils

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 12:37:21 +0100

Since existing research has failed to consider how primary school pupils use Facebook for informal learning and to enhancing social capital, we attempted to fill this research gap by conducting 60 indepth interviews and thinkaloud sessions with Slovenian primary school pupils. Furthermore, we used content analysis to evaluate their Facebook profiles. The results of the study show that Slovenian pupils regularly use Facebook for informal learning. Pupils are aware that they use Facebook for learning and they use it primarily as social support, which is seen as exchanging practical information, learning about technology, evaluation of their own and other people’s work, emotional support, organising group work and communicating with teachers. In using Facebook, pupils acquire bridging and bonding social capital; they maintain an extensive network of weak ties that are a source of bridging capital, and deeper relationships that provide them with emotional support and a source of bonding capital. Key differences between the participants were found in the expression of emotional support. Female participants are more likely to use Facebook for this purpose, and more explicitly express their emotions. This study also showed that our participants saw a connection between the use of Facebook and the knowledge and skills they believed their teachers valued in school.

Bibliometric Analysis of Research on Women and Advertising: Differences in Print and Audiovisual Media

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 12:37:06 +0100

The media in general, and advertising in particular, are considered as important agents of socialization, including genderrelated issues. Thus the legislator has focused on the regulation of the images of women and men in advertisements. However, regulations prohibiting sexist advertising in Spain pay specific attention to audiovisual media. The objective of this study is to check whether this unequal interest also takes place in academic research. This paper analyzes the differences in the scientific literature (national and international) on the sexism in advertising depending on the media. Specifically we examine the methodology, techniques and ways to measure concepts. In order to do this, we conduct a systematic review of studies on gender and advertising published in Spanish or English between 1988 and 2010 in seven databases Spanish (Dialnet, Compludoc, ISOC), or international (Scopus, Sociological Abstracts, PubMed and Eric).The main results of the 175 texts analyzed show that, unlike legislative controls, the academy has studied mainly sexism in advertising in print media, although interest by analysis of the treatment of gender in the discourse of advertising audiovisual seems to be increasing.

Methodological Approaches to Study Interactivity in Communication Journals

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 12:36:45 +0100

The aim of this paper is to map out the research around the concept of interactivity, as well as to point out the dominant streams and underresearched areas. It is based upon the content analysis of methods employed in articles published in five topranking communication journals over five year period (200610). The review of methods applied in research of interactivity is based upon distinction between social interactivity, textual interactivity and technical interactivity. This classification is further developed by adding the category of levels of interactivity (low, medium and high) which allows further classification of different mediated practices. This leads to specification of nine theoretical subsets of interactivity as the main categories of the analysis of research articles. Within this matrix we have situated diverse methods that respond to conceptually different types and levels of audience/users interactivity. The analysis shows that scholarly focus lies within the low textual and the high social interactive practices, whereas the high technical and high textual interactivity are underresearched areas. Investigations into the audience/users relations with texts are mainly orientated towards content analyses and surveys. High social interaction research is reviving the application of ethnographic methods, while the possibilities of technical interactivity are embraced not as an object but as a tool for research.

The Videoarticle: New Reporting Format in Scientific Journals and its Integration in MOOCs

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 12:36:22 +0100

The new training context in higher education is moving toward a new model of massive, open and free education through a methodology based on video simulation and students’ collaborative work. Using a descriptive methodology, we analyze the formats and Web content presentation of 72 journals indexed in the Journal Citation Reports® (2013) in the field of communication, and their presence in the development of massive open online courses (MOOCs) at the leading global platform, «Coursera». The findings show that the vast majority of scientific journals in the field of communication offer few disclosure formats and are difficult to embed in new massive, ubiquitous and collaborative movements which use the selfcreated «audiovisual pill». Therefore, the integration of articles of international scientific journals in MOOCs is almost nonexistent. Journals are not taking advantage of the great potential of these courses for scientific divulgation, probably because its unique disclosure format is written text. Thus, we propose a new model for scientific publication which shares writing text format with the video article, social media outreach and new formats supported by mobile digital devices to foster greater international visibility of scientific development and social progress in an everyday, more interconnected and visual society.

The Multidisciplinarity in Spanish and Foreign Communication Journals

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 12:35:54 +0100

Communication can be understood, under an epistemological framework, as a macrocontext from which education participates as a part. One of the objectives of this work is to contrast this theoretical consideration with the observed interaction between education and communication scientific journals defined by citations and relatedness towards other scientific journals. At the same time, there might be relevant differences between the citation patterns of Spanish and foreign (journals in Journal Citation Reports) communication journals, particularly with regard to their disciplinary composition. These differences might become a major problem for the interexchange of information between both sets of journals. The authors analyze the citations distribution by subject category for Spanish and JCR journals, as well as for the journal «Comunicar», and also the frequency of related journals per subject category in the case of JCR. It is concluded: a) that the aforementioned epistemological relationship is valid only for Spanish Communication journals, b) that there are relevant differences between both sets of journals in the disciplinary composition of their citedciting and related journals and that Information Science & Library Science might serve as a suitable communication channel; finally, c) the characteristic multidisciplinarity of the journal «Comunicar» is corroborated, both at the national and international level.

Spanish Communication Academia: Scientific Productivity vs. Social Activity

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 12:35:28 +0100

At a time when academic activity in the area of communication is principally assessed by the impact of scientific journals, the scientific media and the scientific productivity of researchers, the question arises as to whether social factors condition scientific activity as much as these objective elements. This investigation analyzes the influence of scientific productivity and social activity in the area of communication. We identify a social network of researchers from a compilation of doctoral theses in communication and calculate the scientific production of 180 of the most active researchers who sit on doctoral committees. Social network analysis is then used to study the relations that are formed on these doctoral thesis committees. The results suggest that social factors, rather than individual scientific productivity, positively influence such a key academic and scientific activity as the award of doctoral degrees. Our conclusions point to a disconnection between scientific productivity and the international scope of researchers and their role in the social network. Nevertheless, the consequences of this situation are tempered by the nonhierarchical structure of relations between communication scientists.

Altmetrics: New Indicators for Scientific Communication in Web 2.0

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 12:35:09 +0100

In this paper we review the socalled altmetrics or alternative metrics. This concept raises from the development of new indicators based on Web 2.0, for the evaluation of the research and academic activity. The basic assumption is that variables such as mentions in blogs, number of twits or of researchers bookmarking a research paper for instance, may be legitimate indicators for measuring the use and impact of scientific publications. In this sense, these indicators are currently the focus of the bibliometric community and are being discussed and debated. We describe the main platforms and indicators and we analyze as a sample the Spanish research output in Communication Studies. Comparing traditional indicators such as citations with these new indicators. The results show that the most cited papers are also the ones with a highest impact according to the altmetrics. We conclude pointing out the main shortcomings these metrics present and the role they may play when measuring the research impact through 2.0 platforms.

The Impact of Scientific Journals of Communication: Comparing Google Scholar Metrics, Web of Science and Scopus

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 12:34:37 +0100

Google Scholar Metrics' launch in April 2012, a new bibliometric tool for the evaluation of scientific journals by means of citation counting, has ended with the duopoly exerted by the Web of Science and Scopus databases. This paper aims at comparing the coverage of these three databases and the similarity their journal rankings may have. We selected a sample of journals from the field of Communication Studies indexed in the three databases. Data was recollected on 1720 November, 2012. 277 journals were identified to which we calculated their hindex and ranked them according to such indicator. Then, we analyzed the correlation between the rankings generated. Google Scholar Metrics dobles the coverage of the other databases, reducing the bias toward English language both; web of Science and Scopus have. Google Scholar Metrics shows higher hindex values (an average 47% higher than Scopus and 40% higher than Web of Science), allowing to better rank journals. We conclude that Google Scholar Metrics is a tool capable of identifying the main journals in Communication Studies offering results as reliable and valid as the ones Web of Science and Scopus show.

Internationalization and Coauthorship in Major Communication Journals in Spain

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 12:34:14 +0100

This work has conducted an analysis of Spanish Communication journals in terms of their level of internationalization and the collaborative models used by their authors, by assessing 1,182 articles published between 2007 and 2011 in the seven toprated Communication journals according to a set of six quality indicators. The ultimate goal has been to perform a data processing in order to detect the degree of inclination of international authors to publish their works in Spanish journals in the years covered by this study. Secondly, the study draws a profile of coauthorship patterns focused on geographical and institutional alliances. The results show there is no clear and convincing signs of evolution towards a desired level of internationality. Concerning coauthorship, although the results indicate a willingness on the part of authors to chart a path of wider geographical and institutional collaboration, unique authorship continues to be the preferred form of publication. Finally, the work shows that investigative alliances are confined to Spain and when they go international collaborations are almost exclusively with Latin American authors.

Spanish Scientific Output in Communication Sciences in WOS. The Scientific Journals in SSCI (2007-12)

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 12:33:45 +0100

Although the field of Communication Sciences has been slower to organize in Spain than in other European countries and the United States, in recent years it has shown a clear tendency to growth. One way to trace this process is by analyzing scientific production, and this paper focuses on this aspect. Using bibliometric methods, we analyze scientific journals and papers indexed in Thomson Reuter’s international database, the Social Science Citation Index (SSCI) for Communication. While the focus of the study is Spanish scientific output, the results are related to international activities in this field. The three Spanish journals included in SSCI in recent years: «Comunicar», «Comunicación y Sociedad» and «Estudios sobre el Mensaje Periodístico» were studied in detail. The results show that Spain plays an important role in Communcation journal publishing (4th in the world) and as a producer of scientific papers (6th in the world), with a remarkable evolution, in quantitative terms, especially in the last five years. The inclusion of these three Spanish journals in the international database has been an important contribution to the country's visibility in this field, but there is still a need to promote international collaboration to achieve greater impact and openness in the scientific community.

Three Decades of Spanish Communication Research: Towards Legal Age

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 12:33:16 +0100

This paper analyses the evolution of Spanish communication research published as scientific articles between 1980 and 2010. It quantifies the volume of this production with two different samples: the first sample includes national journals and offers original and unprecedented data; the second one includes international journals, defined as those indexed by the Web of Science. As a whole, more than 6,000 articles were analysed. Additionally, the collaboration patterns in authorship and internationality were also studied. On the one hand, collaboration was measured through indicators of multiple authorship and the evolution of coauthorship indexes. On the other hand, internationality was measured through the share of Spanish authors in international journals, the weight of international collaborations and the language used in national journals. Data obtained illustrate a growth and maturity process of communication as a scientific discipline: at the end of the period analysed, a tension between growing collaboration and internationalization and traditional publication patterns was found. Through the period studied, the birth of new faculties with communication studies and the growing number of journals have feed the own growth of the number of articles. However, other elements such as scientific assessment have also played a role in the internationalization of authors. As a whole, this article offers a first image of the evolution of communication as an academic discipline in Spain.

Black holes of communication Scientific communication and meta-research

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 12:33:01 +0100

The MOOC Revolution: A New Form of Education from the Technological Paradigm?

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 12:32:52 +0100

Reviews

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 12:32:41 +0100

Visual Stories: Digital Idiosyncrasy

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 12:32:25 +0100

The Participation and Web Visibility of University Digital Repositories in the European Context

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 12:31:24 +0100

This study focuses on academic institutional repositories as tools that allow us open access to scientific and academic production. Specifically, we analyze the Top 50 European University repositories differentiating, firstly, those repositories linked to Spanish universities compared to those belonging to universities throughout Europe and, secondly, repositories that only include research content as opposed to those that also include teaching content. Specifically, this work complements previous studies on the consolidation of the repositories, focusing on the analysis of the competitive environment by considering their participation and relative visibility shares. The analysis, using competitive maps and comparative advantage method, allows us to identify European university repositories that lead their segments, in terms of their levels of participation and web visibility in the market. In general, without distinguishing by segments, results show that the leadership at European level in terms of participation is held by the University College of London (UK) and the repository of the University of Umea (Sweden) is the leader in visibility.

Cultural Diversity across the Networks: The Case of National Cinema

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 12:29:44 +0100

The research «Cinema, Diversity and Networks» tries to isolate the principal stimuli or reticences in the consumption of products generated by small cinematographies, analyzing the particular case of the diffusion through the digital interactive networks of cinematographic contents produced in Galicia. It is a multicentral investigation with the collaboration of the universities of Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay – the countries with a significant migratory Galician presence, with special focus on the university groups of reception for their special predisposition to the media intercultural consumption. Our work addresses a statistical determination of the social-demographic and axiologic profile as well as the habits of consumption of the participant groups as an introduction to the confrontation with some representative films produced in Galicia between 2003 and 2008 in order to establish the influence of certain thematic, formal and linguistic variables in the acceptance or objection to certain messages. The study can be identified with the models of basic and applied investigation: basic, for its analysis of the cultural determinant indicators of the cinematographic consumption in communities, which although geographically dispersed preserve their identity elements such as the language; and applied, as our investigation provides a transfer of knowledge to their technological partners in addition to the opening of unexplored niches of transnational consumption through the potential that the digital networks offer nowadays.

Media literacy, participation and accountability for the media of generation of silence

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 12:18:39 +0100

The purpose of this research is to study the level of media literacy in a sample of elderly women, the so-called «silent generation», belonging to the Asturian Housewives Association, by means of a questionnaire to collect data on critical awareness in women. The questionnaire seeks information on the persuasive effects of advertising; the women’s evaluation of the information conveyed by the media, and their training, commitment and participation as media consumers. The survey also tries to identify the women’s demands and concerns, regarding the media they usually use, by conducting focus group discussions. Findings show that the women surveyed believe that advertising lacks credibility and claim that some TV stations offer information and content which is biased or has been manipulated to the extent that it goes against the law. Although such women know the channels for citizen participation, they do not know how to exercise their rights in the face of illegal content. In addition, certain training needs have been detected. This research points to the need to design a training plan for media literacy which will empower them with critical skills and foster participation as active and responsible consumers. It is also intended that such women will acquire specific knowledge about the media, as well as the psychological strategies, technical resources and audiovisual language the media use.

Disability in the Perception of Technology among University Students

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 12:18:21 +0100

There is a widespread discourse across academic and scientific literature extolling the benefits of technology as an element of the educational process for people with disabilities that is based on many assumptions and implicit claims related to «the education, disability and technology» triangle. Although these assumptions and claims have a rationale, too often they have been considered valid, and therefore guide educational practice, without having previously undergone any process of scientific research that supports and justifies them. In this context, and in order to analyse one of these theoretical premises, this study aims to establish, firstly, whether the disability is involved in the process of giving meaning to technology and, secondly, to what extent the impact of disability is a differentiating factor in the perception and use of technology as an educational element. After gathering data from questionnaires completed by university students (28 with disabilities and 109 without), the results allowed us to establish two main conclusions. The first one shows that the most valuable dimension of technology as a teaching tool is its use as a tool for curriculum access and participation. As for the second, related to the perception of accessibility issues, it paradoxically revealed that students with disabilities find the use of technology easier than their peers without disabilities.

The Notion of Violence in Television Fiction: Children’s Interpretation

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 12:18:03 +0100

In this paper we analyse child viewers’ interpretation of television violence shown in television programmes specifically aimed at children. The justification for this work is based on the research that considers that more theoretical and empirical studies need to be carried out on the conceptualisation of violence, and about how much violence is legitimised and through what mechanisms such legitimacy is constructed. It is aimed at providing a notion of television violence as interpreted by child television viewers which takes these mechanisms into account. The methodology used is based on an analysis of the content and the dialogue of in-depth interviews conducted with sixteen children under the age of 12 years, after showing them two sequences of television programmes with types and various formalisation of fictional violence. The results, as well as providing a conceptual map of the responses, also show how children define and differentiate different types of violence. We can also verify how their reception process is framed by their cultural history and specific reading and consumption experiences, in which contextual narrative aspects play a very important role in children’s interpretation of violence. Thus, the results of this study indicate how children give an unrestricted significance to violence.

A Children’s Observatory of Television: «Observar TV», a Space for Dialogue between Children

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 12:17:50 +0100

This paper presents the results of work on «Observar TV», a children’s observatory of television launched in the city of Barranquilla (Colombia) in which children participated as protagonists in research, training and spaces for dialogue centred on their observations of television broadcasts. The goals of the project included: 1) to ascertain the reflection and discussion of preferences and opinions (expressed by boys and girls) regarding television; 2) to identify and discuss their imagery around citizenship in relation to coexistence and peace, multiculturalism and democratic responsibility and participation; 3) to understand the development processes that contribute to the construction of their critical thinking abilities regarding television and its consumption; 4) to increase the visibility of children as active participants in setting the public agenda of their city. This study was developed using a participatory action research approach that employed qualitative methods (focus groups, workshops, and observations) for the simultaneous execution of three components: research, training, and visibility/interaction. The results demonstrate that the child participants displayed a critical attitude toward television and expressed their likes and dislikes regarding television content. The participants took up the challenge to discuss, transform, or reaffirm their imagery relating to citizenship and strengthened their capacities in language and communication. The children expressed the reflections that came up in the work of the observatory by participating in the television program «Learning to watch television», that was produced by the regional station Telecaribe.

TV Broadcasters and Research on TV and Children

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 12:17:36 +0100

This paper describes the main contributions of the TV broadcasters in Spain to the study of the relationships between television and childhood. It is justified by the need of compile and organise these contributions. Quality contents broadcasted for children, children consumption of television and the role of TV channels to transfer a positive image of the childhood have been the mainstays of this text. The information that we report is the result of the study carried out from Observatorio Comunicación y Sociedad. Methodologically, consulting scientific bibliography about television and childhood has made possible to put our study into context. After that, the use of questionnaire to people responsible of contents broadcasted for children by the main Spanish TV channels, and the analysis of the different experiences and work papers prepared by televisions, have allowed to create a setting with the broadcasters’ main contributions to a new paradigm which improves the relationship between minors and television. The conclusion from the analysis and the consultation to experts point that, except in the case of the public state television and some regional televisions, the research and the redesign of the childhood/television relationship is not one of the channels priorities. In fact, only TVE has an important scientific production in this field.

Social Networks and Young People. Comparative Study of Facebook between Colombia and Spain

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 12:17:26 +0100

Social networks have become areas of social interaction among young people where they create a profile to relate with others. The way this population uses social networks has an impact on their socialization as well as the emotional and affective aspects of their development. The purpose of this investigation was to analyze how Facebook is used by young people to communicate among themselves and the experiences they gain from it. On the one hand, while teenagers claim to know the risks, they admit to accepting strangers as friends and to sharing large amounts of true data about their private lives. For this reason, it is necessary to understand the media and digital phenomenon that the youth are living through. Although they are legally prohibited from using Facebook until they are 13, the number of underage users of this social network is growing, without any restraint from parents or schools. This investigation compares the use of Facebook by youth in Colombia and Spain by using the content analysis and interview techniques. In Colombia 100 Facebook profiles were analyzed and 20 interviews carried out with students between 12- and 15-years-old attending the Institución Educativa Distrital Técnico Internacional school in Bogotá. In Spain, 100 Facebook profiles were analyzed and 20 interviews held with students of the same age group attending various secondary schools in Andalusia.

Communication Technology in the Home Environment of Four-year-old Children (Slovenia)

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 12:17:11 +0100

Nowadays, we cannot ignore the fact that young children are over flooded with technologies. Only a proper action and a positive attitude from adults can prevent potential negative consequences, and prepares the child for a life where the usage of communication technologies (ICTs) is necessary for an individual’s social success. This article represents the child’s access to information-communication technology, its usage at home, the influence of child’s ICTs usage on his or hers development of competences, and the child’s relation with the ICTs at home. The data was gathered with the help of 130 parents who filled out a questionnaire and provided us with their opinions about their four-year-old children and their usage of ICTs at home. We found out that four-year-old children in their home environment regularly encounter ICTs. Besides that, we were also interested whether there exist differences according to the child’s gender and the parents’ level of education. Moreover, we present parents’ opinions at suggestions for further studying of this issue.

The e-Research on Media & Communications: Attitudes, Tools and Practices in Latin America Researchers

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 12:16:54 +0100

e-Research is changing practices and dynamics in social research by the incorporation of advanced e-tools to process data and increase scientific collaboration. Previous research shows a positive attitude of investigators through e-Research and shows a fast incorporation of e-Tools, in despite of many cultural resistances to the change. This paper examines the current state (attitudes, tools and practices) of e-Research in the field of Media and Communication Studies in Latin America, Spain and Portugal. A total of 316 researchers of the region answered an online survey during the last 2 months of 2011. Findings confirm an optimistic attitude through e-Research and an often use of e-Tools to do research. Even though, most of them informed to use basic e-Tools (e.g. e-mail, commercial videoconference, office software and social networks) instead of advanced technologies to process huge amount of data (e.g. Grid, simulation software and Internet2) or the incorporation to Virtual Research Communities. Some of the researchers said that they had an «intensive» (31%) and «often» (53%) use of e-Tools, but only 22% stated that their computer capacity was not enough to manage and process data. The paper evidences the gap between e-Research in Communications and e-Research in other disciplines; and makes recommendations for its implementation.

New Media as a Tool for Civic Learning

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 12:16:41 +0100

Service-Learning, a popular approach to citizenship education in the US, provides youth with opportunities to define and address public needs while reflecting on the knowledge, skills, and relationships needed to do such work. This approach assumes education for democratic citizenship must help youth understand themselves as part of a larger community, increase their sense of agency and efficacy as civic actors, and increase their ability to analyze social and political issues. It also assumes that these outcomes are best learned through experience. Creating these conditions can be quite challenging in the context of schools, where students are typically separated from the community, highly controlled in their activities, and have limited time to grasp the complexities of a given topic. This piece responds to the growing role of new media in civic and political activity. Specifically, it examines how the integration of new media into service learning may facilitate or challenge the core pedagogical goals of this approach to civic education and the implications for the practice of supporting youth civic engagement in school settings. Based on a review of existing programs and research, the authors illustrate how new media can be used to support four primary goals of service learning – designing authentic learning environments, connecting to community, supporting youth voice, and encouraging engagement with issues of social justice.

Learning Lives Connected: Digital Youth across School and Community Spaces

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 12:16:28 +0100

Whereas most studies of learning explore intra-institutional experiences, our interest is to track individual learning trajectories across domains. Research on young people’s use of different media outside schools shows how practices of using digital media are different from practices in schools in both form and content. The major challenge today, however, is to find ways of understanding the interconnections and networking between these two lifeworlds as experienced by young people. Important elements here are adapted concepts like context, trajectories and identity related to activity networks. We will present data from the ongoing «learning lives project» in a multicultural community in Oslo. We will especially focus on students of Media and Communication studies at upper secondary school level. Using an ethnographic approach we will focus on how learners’ identities are constructed and negotiated across different kinds of learning relationships. The data will consist of both researcher-generated data (interviews, video-observations, field notes) and informant-generated data (photos, diaries, maps).

Expanding Community: Youth, Social Networking and Schools

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 12:16:15 +0100

This study examined the construct of community and its development in online spaces through a qualitative analysis of middle school students’ participation in a private social network. Drawing on notions of community inspired by philosopher Jean-Luc Nancy, we found that students, despite not knowing one another previously, were willing both to encounter and come to know each other, using the resources of the network to build the trust that became foundational to their online social relationships. They did so primarily through two kinds of interactional effort that we call «public work» and «proximity work». Negotiating their positions relative to one another (proximity work) and across public/private spaces (public work), youth used a variety of semiotic tools to establish relationships and address the considerable challenges of digitally mediated communication with unknown others. This study suggests that educationally focused social networks can be designed for, or their uses primed toward, communicative purposes and activities foregrounding reciprocal exchange that is ethically alert and socially aware, and that schools and other educational institutions, though historically resistant to technological innovation, have an important role to play in this process.

Everyday Racism and «My Tram Experience»: Emotion, Civic Performance and Learning on YouTube

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 12:16:03 +0100

Does the public expression and performance of shock, distress, anger, frustration and ideological disapproval of particular sorts of politics constitute a form of collective political expression from which individuals can learn about being citizens? When it comes to the expression of feelings of racial and other types of prejudice, has political correctness led to a deepening of entrenched racist beliefs with no channel for discussion? This article engages with such questions through a case study of YouTube responses to «My Tram Experience» a commuter-uploaded mobile-phone video of a racist diatribe on a tram in the UK. Using qualitative content analysis, and thematic analysis, it describes how these performed, networked and distributed moments of citizen angst demonstrate a limited but interesting range of civic engagements with and positionings towards racism, immigration, class and nationalism. For one reason or another these are not allowed to occur in other public for a such as the mainstream media or schools. The article argues that these vlogs are both a wide-ranging potentially therapeutic resource for those needing validation for their racist or anti-racist views, or for those who wish to express and garner solidarity for discomfort and pain caused by racism; they are also a significant though currently uncurated resource for citizenship education both formal and informal because of their engagements with technology, social context, emotional context and political rhetoric.

Interactive Youth and Civic Cultures: The Educational, Mediatic and Political Meaning of the 15M

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 12:15:51 +0100

This contribution is justified by the necessity of analyzing the participative content that the interactive youth transmitted in the use of ICTs and social networks in the origin of the social movement of the Spanish Revolution. Our objectives have been focused on proving how young people feel, live and experience the democratic citizenship by means of audiovisual display systems, participating in public open spaces where a better informed digital citizenship is being formed among the technological convergence, hypertextuality and non linearity. We have tried to identify both the educational content of their interactions and implications and the use of audiovisual display systems in their organization as a group. The methodology we have used is the in-depth case study in the days when people occupied public spaces. We collected observations, interviews, information from the social networks (Twitter, Facebook, n-1, Tuenti), news in the media and also information, posters and photographs generated during the occupation by the participants themselves. From this techno-educational point of view we analyze how these young people widen their communicative relationships and get connected on line creating new meanings for educational, social and political issues. The analysis of their speeches shows us a reappropriation of the ICTs by these young people who express and communicate publicly and contributing in this way with new points of view for the citizenship education.

Learning about Power and Citizenship in an Online Virtual World

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 12:15:41 +0100

This work presents a research study designed to analyse the development of power relations in a virtual world, known as Habbo Hotel, aimed at the child and teenage market. What motivated this work was the desire to understand how this company wielded its power through the different agents responsible for taking decisions on the behaviour of the users within this virtual world. Simultaneously, this research went deeply into the type of lessons learnt by users as to citizenship springing from the behaviour rules imposed by the company owning this space. In order to understand what young people were learning about the wielding of power, and the prototype model citizen within the virtual world, we analyse the systems of rules that govern what users can or cannot do, and we proceed to analyse the contents of spaces in which users will talk about the reasons why the company had expelled them from Habbo Hotel. The findings of this work reveal that the application of rules on the part of the company results in the experience inside this virtual world not always being fun, democratic, creative, participative or completely satisfying. This thus questions some of the main arguments proposed by different writers on these new forms of communication.

The «i-Generation» and its Interaction in Social Networks. An Analysis of Coca-Cola on Tuenti

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 12:15:26 +0100

Teenagers and young adults are increasingly using social networks as a means to interact and participate in constructing a multiple speech. Companies take direct options with followers in networks and use these virtual structures to approach their target. The purpose of this paper is to study, using empirical and observational methodology, how to build «Coca-Cola» brand image in «Tuenti», followed by the network over the public sector. Among other things, we will see how involved the brand and how followers, what are the issues that are introduced on the inputs and through what kind of formats. In conclusion, we noted that the interest in the brand of free speech to let the followers is just a strategy, the actual entries of «Coca-Cola» are very rare but they all have a high effect, a language that challenges the user to activate and resume his speech so directed. Moreover, there is no mechanism differentiating between information, entertainment and advertising, which combined with continued exposure to advertising impacts across different formats, leads us to propose the need for media education to encourage responsible use critic and social networks by young people.

Youth’s Usage of Leisure Time with Video Games and Social Networks

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 12:15:11 +0100

The aim of this article is to understand the behaviour of Secondary Education students during their leisure time when using some different virtual spaces. We report a study carried out in a Community Centre offering training and leisure services for youngsters. Due to the large number of technological activities offered, this study paves the way for analysis and reflection about the hidden reasons and motivations young people have to use virtual spaces. We also show the interpretations and reflections of youngsters in their personal relationships and models of cohabitation. Our study likewise approaches the relation that youngsters establish between real and virtual spaces, focusing our attention on the construction of interactions which stems from their personal experiences. For data collection we carried out observations, conversations, analysis of documents and interviews. We analyzed with special interest the meanings that youngsters assign to their experiences in relation with mediatic and civic processes during their leisure time. The results of the study help to know the initiative, motivations and manner of acting that the youngsters of this study have on their ways of socialization in community. Concretely, the aspects allied with the search of pleasure, entertainment, the maintenance of social ties and continuous stimulation uses.

Interactions of Young Andalusian People inside Social Networks

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 12:15:01 +0100

Several studies on youth and social networks have generally revealed extensive usage of these Internet services, widespread access from almost any location and the special importance that the youth attach to these services in building their social relations. This article presents part of the analyses and results from a research questionnaire on «Scenarios, digital technologies and youth in Andalusia», administered to a population of 1,487 youth between the ages of 13 and 19. The discussion on young Andalusians and social networks revolves around the structure and configuration of their profiles, intended uses and the privacy and security involved. The results reveal a population with nearly unlimited access to social networks and with very little adult monitoring; moreover, those connecting are younger than the legal minimum age defined by the Internet services themselves. The motivations of Andalusian youth for using social networks fall into three areas. The first two, social and psychological/affective motivations, are also commonly found in other studies; the third refers to the need to use social networks in matters concerning everyday life. This paper suggests certain new aspects in its conclusions in order to explain the nature and meaning of the practices of Andalusian youth in social networks.

Young People and Social Networks: Motivations and Preferred Uses

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 12:14:46 +0100

This article presents the results of a study on the use of social networks among young Andalusians. The main objectives are to know the uses of social networks, their frequency and the motives behind their use. A questionnaire was used to collect the data. The sample includes 1487 adolescents in Andalusia. The results show that young people, for the most part, consistently used social networks. We identified two motivational aspects in this use: one social and the other psychological. There are not significant gender differences in frequency of use, but rather in the motivations for access. Boys tend to be the more emotional type, while girls were dominated by a more relational motivation. The results show similarities with international researches in environments that vary greatly from the present work. The conclusions suggest the need for future lines of work. This study also identifies the implications of social network uses for active citizenship and participatory training and social integration. These results are also important for the enrichment of dimensions such as social capital development and education.

Interactive Youth: New Citizenship between Social Networks and School Settings

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 12:14:31 +0100

Media Programme (UE) - International Support for Media Education

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 12:14:23 +0100

Reviews Caplletra 54

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:59:32 +0100

Reviews Caplletra 54 (Spring, 2013) Héctor Càmara i Sempere, ressenya d'Eulàlia Miralles (ed.), Del Cinccents al Setcents. Tres-cents anys de literatura catalana, Edicions Vitel·la («Philologica: Sèrie Estudis»), Bellcaire d'Empordà, 2011, 574 pp.Mateu Rodrigo Lizondo, ressenya de La novel·la de Joanot Martorell i l'Europa del segle xv. Actes del Congrés Internacional (València, 14-18 setembre de 2010), coordinat per Ricard Bellveser. I tom en 2 vols., València, Diputació de València / Institució Alfons el Magnànim, 2011, 743 pp.Montserrat Piera, ressenya de Robert Archer, La cuestión odiosa: La mujer en la literatura hispánica tardomedieval. Trad. Marion Coderch Barrios. València, Diputació de València / Institució Alfons el Magnànim, 2011.Kenneth Brown, ressenya de Joan Santanach et alii, Llengua i literatura. Barcelona 1700, Barcelona, Ajuntament de Barcelona / Editorial Barcino, 2011, 287 pp.M. Àngels Francés Díez, ressenya d'Arnau i Segarra, Pilar & Luisa Cotoner Cerdó, Els subjectes de l'alteritat. Estudis sobre la narrativa de Carme Riera, Barcelona/Palma, Edicions UIB / Publicacions de l'Abadia de Montserrat / Institut d'Estudis Baleàrics (col·lecció «Miquel dels Sants Oliver», núm. 41), 193 pp.Laia Climent, ressenya de M. Àngels Francés Díez, Montserrat Roig: feminisme, memòria i testimoni, Barcelona, Publicacions de l'Abadia de Montserrat, 2012, 216 pp.Miquel Nicolás, ressenya de Vicent Pitarch, Pompeu Fabra, l'autoritat admirada pel valencianisme, Benassal, Fundació Carles Salvador, 2011, 149 pp.Salvador Climent, ressenya de M. Teresa Ynglés, El datiu en català: una aproximació des de la lingüística congnitiva, Barcelona, Publicacions de l'Abadia de Montserrat, 2011, 335 pp.Amadeu Viana, ressenya de Lluís Payrató & Josep M. Cots (ed.), The pragmatics of Catalan, Berlin, De Gruyter, 2011, 391 pp.

Reviews Caplletra 55

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:58:28 +0100

Reviews Caplletra 55 (Autumn, 2013) Henry Ettinghausen, ressenya de Gabriel Andrés, Relaciones de fiestas barrocas: Valencia. Textos y estudios, Editorial Académica Española, Saarbrücken, 2011, 277 pp.Joan Borja i Sanz, ressenya de Vicent Simbor, Joan Fuster: el projecte de normalització del circuit literari, València, Publicacions de la Universitat de València, 2012, 312 pp.Brauli Montoya Abat, ressenya de María Victoria Navas Sánchez-Élez, El barranqueño. Un modelo de lenguas en contacto, Madrid, Editorial Complutense / Centro de Lingüística da Universidade de Lisboa, 2011, 319 pp.Ronald E. Surtz, ressenya de Bernat Metge, Book of Fortune and Prudence. Introduced and translated by David Barnett. Barcelona, Barcino / Woodbridge, Tamesis, 2011, 87 pp.Jordi Antolí, ressenya d'Antoni Ferrando (ed.), Estudis lingüístics i culturals sobre Curial e Güelfa, novel·la cavalleresca anònima dle segle xv en llengua catalana. Linguistic and Cultural Studies on Curial e Güelfa, a xvth century anonymous chivalric romance in Catalan language, Amsterdam, John Benjamins Publishing Company («Series Ivitra Research in Linguistics and Literarture», 3), 2012, xxi + 1193 pp.Vicent Simbor Roig, ressenya de Pere Molas, Eulàlia Duran i Josep Massot (directors), Diccionari biogràfic de l'Acadèmia de Bones Lletres, Barcelona, Reial Acadèmia de Bones Lletres / Fundació Noguera, 2012, 503 pp.Eulàlia Miralles, ressenya d'Estela Pérez Bosch, Los poetas valencianos del Cancionero general (Valencia, 1511 y 1514), València, Institució Alfons el Magnànim / Diputació de València, 2011, 671 pp.Rafael Alemany Ferrer, ressenya de Rosa Navarro Durán, El Tirant lo Blanc i la seva presència en el Lazarillo de Tormes i en les novel·les de Cervantes, traducció de Maria Pilar Perea, Castelló / Barcelona, fundació Germà Colón Domènech / Publicacions de l'Abadia de Montserrat («Col·lecció Germà Colón d'Estudis Filològics»), 2011, 145 pp.

«Isabel Andrés Lorente en la poesia de Vicent Andrés Estellés durant 1956 i 1957»

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:41:24 +0100

Aquest article fa un seguiment del tractament literari de la mort de la primera filla del poeta Vicent Andrés Estellés en la producció escrita durant el primer any des de la mort, és a dir, des de la primavera de 1956 fins a la de 1957. Aquest període abraça textos d’algunes obres significatives com, entre d’altres, «Primera soledad», «La nit», «Llibre d’exilis» o el tercer poema de «Coral romput». La ficcionalització literària d’aquesta vivència biogràfica condiciona i determina no sols la vida de l’autor sinó també la
producció poètica del període.

«Els creadors de ficcions damunt l'escena: del "teatre autobiogràfic" a l'"autobiografia escènica"»

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:41:17 +0100

Aquest article se centra en modalitats diferents de construcció de l’obra teatral que tenen com a base una relació explícita, amb major o menor grau, entre el creador i la ficció: teatre autobiogràfic, teatre autoficcional i autobiografia escènica. Veurem com aquesta relació es fa present en el procés de recepció a través de diferents mecanismes, especialment a partir de paratextos, i com permet activar pactes de lectura entre obra i receptor de tarannà divers. En concret, aquest acostament a la metaficció autobiogràfica en el teatre contemporani es desenvolupa a partir de l’anàlisi de tres obres: «Indian summer» (1987), de Rodolf Sirera, «Currículum» (1994), de Pasqual Alapont
i Carles Alberola, i «Com a pedres» (2006), de la companyia El pont flotant.

«"Memòria de Bretanya", de Carmelina Sánchez-Cutillas, en el context de la literatura autobiogràfica contemporània»

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:41:11 +0100

En aquest article ens proposem situar, interpretar i valorar «Matèria de Bretanya» dins la producció autobiogràfica catalana més recent. Per tal de satisfer aquest objectiu abordarem, de bon principi, la problemàtica i sempre discutible qüestió del gènere
d’aquesta obra. Sense voluntat de perdre’ns entre teoritzacions estèrils però amb la intenció de posar de manifest la filiació de «Matèria de Bretanya» amb les formes de literatura del jo, mirarem de fer dialogar el relat de Sánchez-Cutillas amb algunes obres coetànies, especialment valencianes, que posaran en relleu l’existència d’una línia d’escriptura memorialística ben personal que arrenca amb «Matèria de Bretanya» i arriba fins a l’actualitat.

«Subjecte a la memòria. Autobiografia, ficció i autoficció en la narrativa d'Ignasi Mora»

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:41:05 +0100

En aquest article s’analitza com la memòria dels espais primigenis que apareixen en l’obra literària d’Ignasi Mora intervenen decisivament en la modelació dels seus personatges. Són territoris documentats que l’escriptor pretén convertir en literaris, alhora que juga amb les històries i els personatges, en una indissoluble relació entre realitat i ficció. Els llibres de Mora, tant els biogràfics com els narratius, resulten de dificultosa o gairebé impossible classificació, proses del jo al pol oposat d’un llenguatge referencialista o essencialista, on la infància clou un temps i un espai mítics. Seguint aquest fil, al final de l’article aventurem una hipòtesi: un temps i un espai clausurats mesuraran tots els altres temps i tots els altres espais en l’obra de Mora.

«Autor, realitat i ficció en la narrativa de Jordi Sarsanedas»

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:40:58 +0100

L’article analitza el tractament de la figura de l’autor real en els reculls de narracions de Jordi Sarsanedas. En el primer, «Mites», el prefaci auctorial ha estat interpretat en clau autobiogràfica, a pesar de l’absència de marques explícites, de la ficcionalització
amb què s’hi elaboren alguns dels elements i de l’enunciació a càrrec d’un jo que es projecta fantasmagòricament en els narradors autodiegètics de les narracions de ficció. En el darrer, «Una discreta venjança», l’estatus del prefaci auctorial és ambigu perquè es confon amb la metaficcionalitat dominant en el recull, sobretot a causa de l’ús de la metalepsi de l’autor. També s’hi analitza el tractament de la figura de l’autor ficcional en la novel·la «El Martell».

«La representació del col·loquial mediatitzat. Aproximació a un model de quatre constituents»

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:40:51 +0100

L’article ofereix un model de representació del col·loquial mediatitzat que es defineix i es concreta en el marc de les sèries de televisió. Partint d’una dotzena desèries emeses per Televisió de Catalunya, tant de producció pròpia com de producció aliena, d’humor i no d’humor, es presenta un model que visualitza les relacions entre la llengua col·loquial, la llengua col·loquial normativa, la llengua col·loquial avalada pels llibres d’estil dels mitjans de comunicació i, finalment, la llengua col·loquial que ni és normativa ni és avalada pels llibres d’estil. L’article se centra en el lèxic que s’utilitza en les sèries de televisió sense renunciar a exemples singulars de fonètica i de morfosintaxi. Les diferents formes que identifiquen el col·loquial mediatitzat ajuden a veure la textura d’aquesta modalitat lingüística i, sobretot, la relació entre els quatre constituents que en conformen el model.

«(Des)obediències de la reducció vocàlica en el català de Mallorca»

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:40:44 +0100

En el català de Mallorca, el procés de reducció vocàlica de les vocals mitjanes de la sèrie anterior a e neutra en posició àtona no opera (o subaplica) en determinades circumstàncies: (a) en formes derivades productives amb una vocal àtona situada a la
síl·laba esquerra o inicial del radical i alternant amb e tancada o e oberta en el radical de la forma primitiva; (b) en formes verbals amb una vocal àtona situada a la síl·laba esquerra o inicial del radical i alternant amb e tancada en una altra forma verbal del mateix paradigma flexiu; (c) en manlleus i paraules apreses amb una vocal àtona e situada, també, a la síl·laba esquerra o inicial del radical i generalment precedida d’una consonant labial. En aquest treball, argumentem que hi ha dos factors que conspiren perquè això sigui d’aquesta manera: (a) tal com ja s’ha fet notar en treballs anteriors, la voluntat
d’aquestes vocals d’assemblar-se a les vocals corresponents que apareixen en mots del mateix paradigma derivatiu o flexiu, i, en el cas de la derivació, sobretot quan la relació derivativa és productiva; (b) l’estatus privilegiat de la síl·laba situada a l’esquerra o a l’inici del radical. Per donar compte del primer factor, proposem una nova interpretació dels fets emmarcada en la Teoria de la Correspondència Transderivacional i el model dels Paradigmes Òptims. Per donar compte del segon factor, que ha passat desapercebut en aproximacions anteriors a les mateixes dades, partim de la Teoria de la Fidelitat Posicional i de la Teoria del Marcatge Posicional.

«Èpica llatina per a Jaume I: el poema "Triumphus Valentinus" del "novator" valencià Josep Ignasi Barberà»

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:40:37 +0100

El poema «Triumphus Valentinus» del valencià Josep Ignasi Barberà, obra encara inèdita i poc coneguda, està format per més de cinc mil hexàmetres llatins que narren la presa de Valencia per part del rei Jaume I. Es tracta d’un poema de principi del segle XVIII, amb característiques pròpies del gust neoclàssic i preil·lustrat, on coincideixen l’interès per la història valenciana, la tradició clàssica grecoromana i el reflex del canvi dinàstic a la corona hispànica. El model estètic seguit per l’autor és clarament l’«Eneida» de Virgili, tant per forma com per contingut. Malgrat l’interès mostrat per autors coetanis com Gregori Maians, l’obra ha passat pràcticament desapercebuda.

«Notícia d'unes "Exclamacions sobre la Passió de Crist" (BC, MS. 473) i la seva relació amb l'"Arbor" d'Ubertí de Casale»)

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:40:30 +0100

En aquest treball es publiquen unes inèdites «Exclamacions sobre la Passió de Crist» procedents del manuscrit 473 de la Biblioteca de Catalunya, probablement confegit a Sant Jeroni de la Murtra a finals del segle xv. Les Exclamacions es relacionen literalment amb un text català ja conegut, inclòs a la «Vita Christi» d’Eiximenis i al manuscrit 451 de la Biblioteca de Catalunya, i al seu torn inspirat en l’«Arbor vitae crucifixae Jesu» d’Ubertí de Casale i en les «Meditationes vitae Christi». Sembla que les «Exclamacions» són en substància una amplificació retòrica d’aquest text català, que transmetia ja un esquema de contemplació basat en les parts del cos de Crist en braços de la Verge. Les «Exclamacions», en canvi, aprofiten aquest esquema al llarg de la Passió, hi afegeixen altres motius i una llarga secció sobre les set paraules de Crist a la creu.

La representació conceptual del gènere. Una revisió crítica

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:06:47 +0100

Des de la perspectiva psicolingüística, diversos treballs s’han preguntat si el gènere es representa a nivell conceptual. En el marc de les noves interpretacions de la hipòtesi del relativisme lingüístic, s’ha proposat que les diferències de gènere (masculí o femení) influencien la conceptualització. Aquest article fa una anàlisi d’alguns dels estudis de referència i argumenta que a partir d’aquests estudis no es pot concloure que el gènere tingui efectes en el pensament no lingüístic. La revisió feta indica que el gènere és una propietat lexicosemàntica dels noms i que es representa lingüísticament, la qual cosa és compatible amb la hipòtesi del Pensar per Parlar. Tanmateix, es defensa que a efectes del relativisme lingüístic aquest àmbit de la llengua no és pertinent perquè, a diferència del sexe, no té una base semàntica. Se suggereix que el debat es pot haver generat des de la representació semàntica de parlants de llengües que no tenen flexió de gènere.

Els «criteris de visibilització de les dones» en català: límits sintacticosemàntics i discursius

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:06:38 +0100

L’objectiu d’aquest article és analitzar els principals criteris que les guies d’estil recomanen per a visibilitzar les dones —o per fer un ús no sexista del llenguatge— des de dos punts de vista: el sintacticosemàntic i el discursiu. Des del punt de vista sintacticosemàntic, s’estudien bàsicament els fenòmens relacionats amb la coordinació, la concordança i la repetició o elisió d’elements (per exemple, especificadors del nom), i la manera com les diferents opcions afecten el significat oracional. Des del punt de vista discursiu, s’analitzen els fenòmens relacionats amb la coreferència; és a dir, la relació entre les diferents maneres d’expressar un mateix referent per mitjà d’elements nominals al llarg del text, i l’efecte que provoquen en el text en conjunt. Amb aquest objectiu, l’estudi analitza des d’un punt de vista qualitatiu les dades proporcionades per un corpus de textos procedents de tres àmbits (polític, administratiu i educatiu) en què s’apliquen sovint aquesta mena de criteris.

El gènere en les llengües romàniques: quan el gènere expressa el nombre i el femení és neutre

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:03:41 +0100

L’etiqueta de gènere s’aplica a nocions gramaticals diverses: la distinció de classes convencionals de noms, la distinció de diverses categories semàntiques (particularment, els inanimats i el sexe dels animats) o la caracterització de pronoms referits a persones o a coses en general. Aquest article repassa el funcionament del gènere gramatical en les llengües romàniques. Comença per fenòmens coneguts en aquestes llengües, tals com les menes de distribució de les marques, l’existència d’una classe de noms ambígena en algunes llengües, la variació en l’atribució de gènere i els casos de concordança. En acabat, s’ocupa de manera especial de l’anomenat neutre de matèria, i també de l’oposició entre els pronoms referits a persones o a coses en general.
Pel que fa als noms femenins col·lectius i al neutre de matèria, s’hi mostra com morfemes que són aparentment marques de gènere s’utilitzen per a expressar l’oposició entre comptable i no comptable, associada habitualment al nombre. Respecte a l’oposició entre els pronoms referits a persones i a coses en general, es dóna una explicació de l’ús de formes de femení amb pronoms que tenen valor de neutre.

Gènesi i evolució de la categoria de gènere en indoeuropeu

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:03:33 +0100

Hi ha indicis, tant comparatius com interns, que el sistema de tres gèneres gramaticals (masculí, femení, neutre) present en la majoria de les llengües indoeuropees antigues és fruit d’un desenvolupament recent (en termes de cronologia relativa).
No obstant això, els detalls d’aquest desenvolupament i la contribució de les llengües indoeuropees de la branca anatòlica al seu estudi són encara objecte de controvèrsia. En aquest article es traça un estat de la qüestió i s’intenta suggerir diferents escenaris per a la gènesi i evolució de la categoria de gènere en indoeuropeu.

Introducció

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Introducció al monogràfic.

Cervantisme català i traducció: anàlisi d'adaptacions infantils i juvenils

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:03:14 +0100

Al voltant de 2005, quart centenari de la publicació de la primera part del Quixot, hem constatat l’aparició de vint adaptacions i versions al català per a joves i infants d’aquesta obra cervantina. La dada resulta especialment significativa si tenim en compte que durant els tres segles anteriors únicament se’n van editar set. En aquest article oferirem una relació i una anàlisi descriptiva que integra text i imatge, de totes les reescriptures derivades de l’obra original adreçades al públic infantil i juvenil, amb referència especial a aquelles publicades entre 2004 i 2005. Així mateix, analitzarem les dades obtingudes de l’anàlisi des d’una perspectiva holística que ens permet descriure alguns factors del context comunicatiu, especialment determinats aspectes sociològics de les adaptacions, estudiar la importància de determinats elements paratextuals i sistematitzar algunes estratègies i tècniques de traducció que s’han fet servir.

Denominacions del crepuscle en llengua catalana

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 08:59:52 +0100

En aquest article d’orientació geolingüística i diacrònica, basat fonamentalment en dades de l’Atles lingüístic del domini català (ALDC) i del Corpus Informatitzat del Català Antic (CICA), s’analitzen més de vuitanta denominacions catalanes del crepuscle. D’una banda, se’n proporciona una doble classificació per criteris morfosintàctics, primerament, i motivacionals, després. De l’altra, se n’estudia la distribució geogràfica actual per lexemes, que s’ofereix cartografiada, i quan és possible, es ressegueixen les traces històriques de les diverses denominacions.

Quan el traductor és sobretot escriptor: el cas de la traducció d'«El guepard» de Tomasi di Lampedusa

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 08:57:05 +0100

Aquest article exposa, en primer lloc, les relacions entre l’escriptor sicilià Tomasi di Lampedusa i el mallorquí Llorenç Villalonga. L’anàlisi de les afinitats i les divergències estilístiques entre els dos autors té com a objectiu l’estudi descriptiu de la traducció catalana de la novel·la Il Gattopardo, a fi de destacar les estratègies adoptades pel traductor Villalonga i els canvis que suposen en comparació amb l’original. L’estudi intenta buscar les raons dels canvis en la poètica pròpia del traductor i arriba a la conclusió que, en la traducció de Il Gattopardo, va tenir un pes notable el diferent plantejament estilístic entre els dos autors: gras i barroc, Lampedusa; prim i essencial, Villalonga. Aquesta diferència porta l’escriptor mallorquí a adaptar l’obra mestra lampedusiana a l’estil propi, rebutjant i escurçant els excessos de l’escriptor sicilià.

Poder i submissió a la lírica cortesa medieval provençal, catalana i valenciana

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 08:52:26 +0100

La qüestió dels orígens i el desenvolupament de la lírica cortesa a les corts occitanes durant les últimes dècades del segle xi i al llarg del xii continua ocupant la crítica literària. Alguns dels estudis que s’hi han dedicat han identificat les claus de l’èxit d’aquesta lírica amb alguns aspectes que consideren innovadors per al públic de l’època, com ara l’exaltació de l’amor humà i la posició de poder en la qual apareix la dona. Aquest argument resulta poc convincent per dues raons: d’una banda, no considera la varietat de la casuística amorosa que presenta la lírica trobadoresca; d’una altra banda, no té en compte que aquests motius ja eren presents en altres manifestacions líriques. En aquest article mostrem que l’atractiu de la lírica cortesa per a la seva audiència no raïa en aquests trets, sinó en altres aspectes exclusius d’aquesta manifestació i, per tant, innovadors. També afirmem que la sobirania que s’ha atribuït a la dona en la lírica cortesa és, en realitat, fictícia. Il·lustrem aquests arguments amb textos dels trobadors provençals i dels poetes catalans i valencians dels segles xiv i xv que van donar continuïtat a la tradició trobadoresca.

La variable sexe en les llengües del món

Scipedia content — Thu, 14 Mar 2019 16:21:02 +0100

El sexe és una de les variables més freqüents en els diferents recursos lingüístics per a identificar els interlocutors en les llengües del món. El fet que s’hagi confós el gènere gramatical (procediment de classificació dels substantius) amb el sexe, i la consegüent inclusió dels elements identificadors en la categoria «gènere», ha provocat una certa confusió sobre la naturalesa d’aquests fenòmens. En l’article es proposa una classificació en quatre tipus dels mecanismes per a la identificació dels interlocutors en la llengua, per bé que tots poden ser entesos com a part d’un continu que va des dels elements gramaticals obligatoris fins als lectes específics per a homes i dones. Entremig, s’analitzen els recursos semàntics i els díctics. A banda dels aspectes estrictament lingüístics, es recorden alguns treballs històrics que permeten situar els diferents enfocaments dins de la història de la lingüística.

Lauer, A. R. (ed.), P. Calderón de la Barca, «El tesoro escondido», Pamplona/Kassel, Universidad de Navarra/Reichenberger, 2011. ISBN 978-3-937734-95-8

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González, A., Serafín González, S. y L. von der Walde Moreno (eds.), «Cuatro triunfos áureos y otros dramaturgos del Siglo de Oro», México, El Colegio de México/Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana/Asociación Internacional de Teatro Español y Novohispano de

Scipedia content — Thu, 14 Mar 2019 10:40:23 +0100

Galar Irurre, E. (ed.), P. Calderón de la Barca (atribución insegura), «El convite general», Pamplona / Kassel, Universidad de Navarra/Reichenberger, 2010. ISBN: 978-3-937734-78-1

Scipedia content — Thu, 14 Mar 2019 10:40:16 +0100

The Sun-King as a Dramatic and Scenic Element of Court Theatre by the Time of Felipe IV, Exemplified by the Loa Preceding Fieras afemina Amor

Scipedia content — Thu, 14 Mar 2019 10:40:09 +0100

The present article analyzes the scenic and dramatic functions of the Sun-King myth. A number of uses of the myth within texts of praise of the Habsburg monarchy are employed to extrapolate possible uses within court theatre. The article uses the Aristotelian analytic differentiation between ergon and parergon and exemplifies it in the loa at the beginning of Calderón’s Fieras afemina amor. This loa makes use of the Sun-King myth to perform the theatrical praise of Mariana de Austria on the stage, at court and within the entire cosmos.

A Courtier Playwright’s Activity in Times of Mourning (1665-1671): Calderón and Pseudo Matos Fragoso

Scipedia content — Thu, 14 Mar 2019 10:39:57 +0100

It has been traditionally accepted that from 1651 on, when Calderón de la Barca became a priest, the playwright exclusively wrote court plays and autos sacramentales. This idea has to be reviewed with respect to the period of mourning the death of Felipe IV, between 1665 and 1671, a time in which court theatre and autos sacramentales were forbidden. The present article analyses Calderón’s dramatic activity between 1667 and 1670, when the playwright carried out a program of recovery and rewriting of ancient comedies for their representation in the corrales. The copyist Pseudo Matos Fragoso cooperated in that process. He copied several plays by Calderón that were to be represented in the two corrales madrileños by the companies of Manuel Vallejo and Antonio de Escamilla.

Theatrical Feasts of the Spanish Baroque: Models, Norms and Characteristics

Scipedia content — Thu, 14 Mar 2019 10:39:50 +0100

In spite of many relevant contributions to the Baroque court drama that collect data, gather information and trace the peculiar code of this dramatic genre, numerous critical essays within the sphere of Anglo-Saxon Postmodernism ignore certain aspects of the historical and cultural contextualization of this dramatic genre. In particular, these essays reveal a political interpretation of the myths and a conviction that the tragic genre is compatible with the court feast that are questionable. In accordance with theatrical semiotics, the present work tries to synthesize the main aspects that characterize the court drama as a very peculiar artistic work with specific rules, considering that we have to interpret it within the communicative circuit of the court as the place where it is produced and performed. The court dramas of Lope and Calderón, expressions of two different theatrical visions, allow us to define the code of the Spanish Baroque court drama within its two fundamental stages of development.

Light, Shadow and Astonishment: Reading La estatua de Prometeo

Scipedia content — Thu, 14 Mar 2019 10:39:42 +0100

La estatua de Prometeo clearly illustrates the love of the artificial that Calderón exhibits in his fiestas cortesanas.The elevated style of the play, based on the principles of duality and contrast in various dimensions, aims to focus the audience’s attention on the extraordinary nature of the events presented on stage.The frequent references to the strangeness of the prodigios and portentos, and to the asombro and perturbación they caused the characters to feel, would provoke admiration and surprise in an audience invited to lose themselves in a fantastic universe of appearances and realities, lights and shadows. This paper strives to provide a stylistic and interpretative analysis and of La estatua de Prometeo, in which the symbolism, contrasts and claroscuro technique, along with other key elements such as staging, create a total spectacle.

Reflections of Power: Eco y Narciso by Calderón meets Las meninas by Velazquez

Scipedia content — Thu, 14 Mar 2019 10:39:34 +0100

Calderón’s court spectacle play Eco y Narciso was first performed in 1661 to celebrate the tenth birthday of the princess Margarita, the infanta in the center of Velázquez’s painting Las meninas (1656). Calderón opens the drama with a celebration of the birthday of the shepherdess Echo, thus suggesting an analogy between the mythical nymph and the princess. This analogy, together with the reflections between the characters within the drama, invites us to see in this courtly play, as in Velázquez’s famous painting, a reflection on the nature of subjectivity, desire and monarchical power.

Lope and the Courtly Spectacle: Between Tradition and Innovation

Scipedia content — Thu, 14 Mar 2019 10:39:15 +0100

This paper focuses on the period of Lope de Vega’s activity as a playwright in order to reconstruct the theatrical and festive activity related to the court of the Austrias, based on gathering existing information and archival documents. It reviews this tradition of spectacle, on which we have increasing information, as a background that allows us to understand and correctly contextualize the great spectacle-plays that Lope de Vega wrote from early stages of his career until shortly before his death, with the aim of unveiling the transformations that he brought to this tradition.

The Imprecise Pattern of Calderón’s Courtly Loas

Scipedia content — Thu, 14 Mar 2019 10:39:09 +0100

This paper analyses the variants found in the courtly loas of Calderón de la Barca according to the generic type of this dramatic genre in the second half of the seventeenth century. The conclusion shows how the imprecise pattern noticed in the Loa de Los tres mayors prodigios (1636) and in the Loa de El golfo de las sirenas (1657) can be explained by taking the rest of Calderon’s plays into account and considering the increasing popularity of the comical within the court theatre at that time.

The Labyrinth, a Sacral Motive in the Works of Tirso and Calderón

Scipedia content — Thu, 14 Mar 2019 10:39:01 +0100

The present article analyses the motive of the labyrinth in two autos sacramentales of the 17th century: El laberinto de Creta by Tirso de Molina and El laberinto del mundo by Calderón de la Barca. It is conceived within the framework of a more amplified study with the aim of uncovering the use of the labyrinth as a nuclear concept of 17th century theatre. A lecture of both texts reveals profound transformations with respect to the allegory’s design, structure, metrics, and usage. The comparative study sheds light on a more skillful dramatization by Calderón, whereas in Tirso a structural decomposition is evident.

Similarities and Distinctions between Public and Court Theatre

Scipedia content — Thu, 14 Mar 2019 10:38:11 +0100

The plays performed in the palace were not exclusively large spectacular productions but also, and most striking, the same or similar plays as in the public theatres were performed here. In this context, I study the similarities and distinctions between public and court theatre, paying attention to the economic excesses of the court theatre and the protests that they produced.

Timantes and the Speaking Painting in El mayor encanto, amor

Scipedia content — Thu, 14 Mar 2019 10:36:54 +0100

El mayor encanto amor includes an enigmatic character that is almost hidden in this spectacle play.Timanthes, who only speaks some twenty lines in the play, represents an onomastic mnemonics, as his name reminds a learned spectator of the famous painter of classical antiquity. Calderón includes him as a character in Darlo todo y no dar nada and alludes to him in other works such as La vida es sueño. Timanthes can be seen as a way to praise Cosimo Lotti, the «painter» or scenographer of the play. But he also refers to the playwright who manipulates the text so as to hide political meanings in a play performed at the palace of the Sun King, Philip IV. Since Timanthes´ most famous painting is The Sacrifice of Iphigenia, where Agamemnon´s facial expression is veiled, we can locate clear parallels with the veiling of Achilles in Calderón’s play. Veiling/concealing errors or defects is Timanthes’ trademark.

El Templo de Palas» by Francisco de Avellaneda

Scipedia content — Thu, 14 Mar 2019 10:35:21 +0100

Francisco de Avellaneda is one of the less famous dramatists of the seventeenth century: he acted as a censor, and is best known as an entremesista, but he also wrote a zarzuela, El templo de Palas. One of the British Library’s collected volumes of Spanish plays (T.1737) contains a copy of the only known edition (Naples, 1675) of the play, premiered in July 1675, probably in the Coliseo del Buen Retiro. The suelta provides the only known details of this performance, naming the actors who took part in the loa, entremés and mojiganga, and includes a letter from Calderón to Avellaneda, apologising for missing the performance because of his «poor health», thanking Avellaneda for lending him the borrador to read, and assuring him that he was able to imagine the performance from the written text. Avellaneda wrote one of the approbations for Calderón’s Cuarte parte in 1672, but the extent of his friendship with the dramatist is not clear.

Stage and Iconographic Prototypes in three Productions of the Fable of Andromeda and Perseus: Pio di Savoia, Corneille, and Calderón

Scipedia content — Thu, 14 Mar 2019 10:34:41 +0100

The circulation of printed books and engravings containing the texts and the scenes for the staging of Perseus and Andromeda myth in XVII century’s European theatres made possible the creation of stage and iconographic prototypes. Those prototypes were of common and recurrent use in spectacles describing the adventures of such characters. Playwrights and stage designers remade the plot, reusing some dramatic sketches and types of scenes coined at the end of the XVI century, which passed over to the next century on many European courts. Authors such as Pio di Savoia, Corneille and Calderón put on stage their particular interpretations of the myth in collaboration with the Italian stage designers Guitti, Torelli and Del Bianco, who designed the scenes and the machines gene-rating visual effects.PALABRAS CLAVES / KEYWORDS: escenografía, estampas, iconografía, máquinas / scenes, engravings, iconography, machines.

Amor and Psyche. A Fable of the Figurative Arts and its Hermeneutics in Calderonean Theatre

Scipedia content — Thu, 14 Mar 2019 10:31:15 +0100

The present article focuses on studying the argumentative structure of the fable of Amor and Psyche in Calderón’s play Ni amor se libra de amor. The analysis is based on three aspects: the reference to taxonomies within the iconic tradition; meta-theatre; the iconological dimension with respect to the status of the image.

Mesa redonda sobre la interpretación política de las fiestas calderonianas

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Presentación

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Bibliografía calderoniana 2012

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Ruiz Pérez, P., «El siglo del arte nuevo 1598-1691», en «Historia de la literatura española 3», dir. J.-C. Mainer, Barcelona, Crítica, 2010. ISBN: 978-8498-92069-7

Scipedia content — Thu, 14 Mar 2019 09:59:35 +0100

Gentilli, L. y R. Londero (eds.), «Emocionar escribiendo. Teatralidad y géneros literarios en la España áurea», Madrid/Frankfurt, Iberoamericana/Vervuert, 2011. ISBN: 978-8484-89578-7

Scipedia content — Thu, 14 Mar 2019 09:59:29 +0100

Fernández Biggs, B., «Calderón y Shakespeare: los personajes en “La cisma de Ingalaterra” y “Henry VIII”», Madrid / Frankfurt, Iberoamericana / Vervuert, 2012. ISBN: 978-8489-673-9 / 978-3-86527-723-7

Scipedia content — Thu, 14 Mar 2019 09:59:22 +0100

Cruickshank, D.W., «Calderón de la Barca. Su carrera secular», trad. J. L. Gil Aristu, Madrid, Gredos, 2011. ISBN: 978-84-249-204-87

Scipedia content — Thu, 14 Mar 2019 09:59:16 +0100

Calderón de la Barca, P., «La selva confusa. Edición crítica y adaptación», ed. E. Coenen, Kassel, Reichenberger, 2011. ISBN: 978-3-937734-86-6

Scipedia content — Thu, 14 Mar 2019 09:59:09 +0100

Checa, J. (ed.), P. Calderón de la Barca, «Amar después de la muerte», Kassel, Reichenberger, 2010. [Teatro del Siglo de Oro. Ediciones críticas, 167]. ISBN: 978-3-937734-66-8

Scipedia content — Thu, 14 Mar 2019 09:59:03 +0100

Azaustre Galiana, A. y S. Fernández Mosquera (eds.), «Compostella Aurea. Actas del VIII Congreso de la Asociación Internacional Siglo de Oro», Santiago de Compostela, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 2011, 3 vols. ISBN: 978-84-9887-555-3

Scipedia content — Thu, 14 Mar 2019 09:58:57 +0100

Aichinger,W. y S. Kroll (ed.), «“Laute Geheimnisse”. Calderón de la Barca und die Chiffren des Barock», Wien/Berlin, Turia + Kant, 2011. ISBN: 978-3-85132-620-8

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The Ideological Contribution of Spanish Theatre during the Golden Age Period

Scipedia content — Thu, 14 Mar 2019 09:58:42 +0100

For José Antonio Maravall, the 17th century in Spain is, in contrast to the 16th century, marked by a reestablishment of the absolutist monarchy that is based on an apparatus of repression and domination. In this context, Maravall underlines that the Spanish theatre of the 17th century is made for the emotions of the mass, that it is purely propagandistic and without any ethical dimension, and, finally, that the religious aspect is only marginal. In this article it will be shown that, in the case of Calderón, the situation is essentially different. First, it will be shown that the representation of political reflections, models and arguments is not at all emotional, but rational. Second, ethical questions and pedagogic lessons within the work of Calderon will be made evident. Finally, it will be proved that religious subjects are treated by Calderón according to all their complexity and that Catholicism thus is not just a simple model of emotional identification.PALABRAS CLAVE / CONCEPTS-CLÉS / KEYWORDS: Calderón, Maravall, propaganda, ética, catolicismo, lex divina, lex positiva, lex naturalis / Calderón, Maravall, propagande, éthique, catholicisme, lex divina, lex positiva, lex naturalis / Calderón, Maravall, propaganda, ethics, catholicism, lex divina, lex positiva, lex naturalis

“De un efeto dos venganzas”: Cloak and Sword in Calderon’s Hagiographic Plays

Scipedia content — Thu, 14 Mar 2019 09:58:36 +0100

This article analyzes and characterizes the presence of cloak and sword episodes or incidents («lances de capa y espada») in the limited corpus of Calderon’s five comedias which have a hagiographic content. The peculiarities of each of the comedias will be observed in relation to the way in which the plot and subplot are constructed from the scheme of the episodes that make the main dramatic conflict, with a religious character, more human and complex.These characteristic elements of the cloak and sword plays, once introduced in a comedia of saints, transform some of its typical aspects: they reduce their comic or playful nature and they are generally driven by divine or infernal forces, like in the two famous scenes with the veiled lady in El mágico prodigioso and the muffled figure in El purgatorio de San Patricio.

Trisected Cloaks and Drawed Swords in Some of Calderon’s Comedies

Scipedia content — Thu, 14 Mar 2019 09:58:29 +0100

In this article, we analyze how Calderon transforms capes, swords and duels into a literary and poetic (rather than scenic) language; moreover, how he uses symbolic elements from the folkloric as well as erudite imagination that belong in the semantic field of capes and swords in order to create specific scenes and ambiences. Within this context, it will be shown that Calderon sublimates some of the genre’s topics and conventions by transforming them into words.

El agua mansa and Rewriting within the Cloak and Sword Plays of Calderon

Scipedia content — Thu, 14 Mar 2019 09:58:23 +0100

This paper analyzes the way Calderon rewrote Cada loco con su tema by Hurtado de Mendoza in order to create El agua mansa. One of the main modifications is that the female characters are constructed in a completely different way. This has central implications for the play, because the dramatic conflict rotates around the transformation of the female characters.

Letters and Documents in Calderon’s Cloak and Sword Plays: Gender, Intrigue, Suspense

Scipedia content — Thu, 14 Mar 2019 09:58:17 +0100

This article attempts to show the different ways letters and documents are used in Calderon’s cloak and sword plays (1627-1635). The aim is to clarify the contribution of both to a definition of genre and to analyze the use of the letter and the document as a scenic convention that, as will be shown, becomes the principal scenic device which organizes the plot and suspense in plays like No hay burlas como el amor or Con quien vengo, vengo.

On Spatial Multiplicity within Calderon’s Cloak and Sword Plays

Scipedia content — Thu, 14 Mar 2019 09:58:10 +0100

The present work analyses the presence of multiple scenic spatiality sequences in cloak and sword plays of Calderon. Multiple scenic spatiality is understood as the use of simultaneous and contiguous dramatic spaces, from a simple ingenious circumstance or a comic scene up to a complex situation of space that is the centre or dramatic core of the argument and can also have symbolic values. The article points to some of the functions of multiple scenic spatiality, moreover to the forms of creation and the different types that we find in the work of Calderon.

Reflections on the presence of prisons in Calderon de la Barca’s theatre

Scipedia content — Thu, 14 Mar 2019 09:58:03 +0100

The present article analyses the description of prisons within Calderon’s work, parting from a main distinction between real prisons, where the characters are retained before they are executed, and metaphorical ones, which serve to limit people’s reasoning. Firstly, some elements are identified to explain why some enclosures are chosen to restrain people’s freedom, such as urgency, location and, exposure to public. Then, there has been established a typology of these places, followed by their characterization. It can be concluded that playwrights pay little attention to this subject, which has led me to reflect on the genre itself as it was seen at that time. In an action genre such as this, description lacks importance, since the emphasis is on the farce element in the Baroque theatre. The insistent presence of this phenomenon in this Calderon responds to his worry for man’s freedom.

The Cloak and Sword Play in the Mythological Festivals of Calderon

Scipedia content — Thu, 14 Mar 2019 09:57:55 +0100

The cloak and sword play should be directly linked to mythological festivals, not only because of the common plot structures of both, but also because of further important elements from the cloak and sword play that are adopted by mythological comedies with respect to dramatic rhythm, verisimilitude, and closeness to the spectator. Moreover, the cloak and sword play taught the court audiences to appreciate the complex and exotic mythological productions.