Scipedia: Documents published in 2010

Environmental Indigenous Wisdom and the Design of Educational Resources

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:35:19 +0100

The current essay presents the results of research into sustainable development and environmental education that was developed in the sub-region of Amazonia-Orinoquia (Amazonas State, Venezuela) from 2005 to 2008. This study was undertaken within a qualitative methodology framework where field trips and the collaboration of indigenous communities in particular were crucial. Unlike other projects currently taking place in the area, our investigation established a different connection with indigenous communities. The study considered indigenous peoples both as subjects and objects of the analysis, for which a written agreement was negotiated and signed at the beginning of the project about what to study and how to proceed with our research. Several data collection techniques were used: interviews with key informants, discussion groups and surveys. Two of the goals were: to analyse the knowledge that indigenous peoples have about the environment and sustainability, particularly regarding the cultural role of ethnicity; to design and elaborate educational materials that address issues about environmental education related to the cultural role that ethnic groups play in species preservation. These objectives were reached thanks to the response of 12 different indigenous peoples of different ethnic and linguistic backgrounds after visiting 17 communities.

Stories: the history of music that comes and goes

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:35:12 +0100

The Utility of Musico-visual Formats in Teaching

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:35:03 +0100

The paper discusses the educational potential of popular culture through the use didactic formats musicovisual interaction in the classroom. It is believed that popular culture, specifically music, is a particularly useful tool for learning. Considered by learning skills, and its current deployment in International educational systems. Especially, its implementation in the education Systems in Europe and Spanish. We live in a technological society, and therefore it is necessary to extend the concept of literacy to digital literacy. Elements of popular culture that are common for young people, such as video clips, should be incorporated. We analyze the competency learning proposals made by the OECD through the DESECO Project or the European framework defined by the recommendation of the European Parliament and Council. These proposals provide a starting point to establish an initial strategy, from the discursive dimension of interaction musicovisual formats, allowing for effective work in the classroom. For this reason, the article evaluates formats musico-visual interaction as teaching aids to serve a critical digital literacy. It also explores some specific contributions to the development of competencies in compulsory Secondary Education. General proposals are made to enable teachers to understand how to use these formats musico-visual interaction in their classroom to work general competencies.

Music Distribution in the Consumer Society: the Creation of Cultural Identities Through Sound

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:34:56 +0100

Our behavior is determined by the characteristics of the culture in which we live. Culture imposes on us ways of thinking and perceiving, habits, customs and usages. Music is a form of cultural expression that has a very important role in the social construction of reality. Music has always accompanied man, is one of the oldest rituals of human kind. No one knows exactly how and why the man has started to make music but the music has been a means of perceiving the world, a powerful instrument of knowledge. Traditionally, creation and distribution of music has been tied to the need to communicate feelings and experiences that can not be expressed through common language. This paper describes how our society has generated a multitude of sounds that are distributed freely through the new technologies. This set of sounds is creating cultural identities that are unable to manage his current music and understand their communicative speech. To this end, the paper examines the profound changes that music is experiencing in a consumer society. These changes make it necessary to establish a new paradigm for analysis that allows structuring the diversity of sounds, analyzing their creation, distribution and consumption. Finally, the paper states that permanent contact with the music changes the way we perceive sounds. In contemporary society, music has gone from being a vital need to become an instrument of consumption. This has led to significant changes in their functions, significance and social use.

The Role of Musical Instruments in the Globalization of Music

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:34:48 +0100

In recent years, the term «globalization» has become a catchword in many languages. It is an open-ended process that implies different levels of unification. In music, attempts have been made by individual and collectively by artists from different cultures in the world. In each case, the process has been focused on the unification of musical sounds that can be identified within the global community. Technology is successful with the duplication of sounds of musical instruments for computer games, but the creation of zones of cultural interaction as defined by actual musical instruments is presenting challenges with the unification of cultural values into one global community. In music, globalization implies «world music» that is articulated as a hybrid product. The process of globalization is readily realized electronically, with sounds of musical instruments, but the creation of zones of cultural interaction, with the same musical instruments, will require a mixture of configuration of factors ranging from ecology to language and cultural manifestation. The objective of zones of cultural interaction is not to unify style of music, but through globalization is the sharing of actual musical instruments. To accomplish this objective, geographic spaces will have to surmount the globalization of the world ecology, language, and culture.

Player Relationships as Mediated Through Sound in Immersive Multi-player Computer Games

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:34:39 +0100

This essay examines the relationship between player and diegetic sound FX in immersive computer game environments and how this relationship leads, in large part, to the contextualization of the player within the virtual world of the game. This contextualization presupposes a primarily sonically-based perception of objects and events in the world and, in a multi-player game, this ultimately leads to communication between players through the medium of diegetic sound. The players’ engagement with, and immersion in, the game’s acoustic environment is the result of a relationship with sound that is technologically mediated. The game engine, for example, produces a range of environmental or ambient sounds and almost every player action has a corresponding sound. A variety of relevant theories and disciplines are assessed for the methodological basis of the points raised, such as film sound theory and sonification, and, throughout, the First-Person Shooter sub-genre is used as an exemplar. Such games include the «Doom» and «Quake» series, the «Half-Life» series and derivatives and later games such as «Left 4 Dead». The combination of the acoustic environment, the interactive placement of the player – as embodied by his virtual, prosthetic arms – in the environment and the sonic relationships between players produces the acoustic ecology. An exposition of this multi-player communication and the resultant acoustic ecology and player immersion, is the main objective of the essay.

Technologies and Media in Digital Music: From Music Market Crisis to New Listening Practices

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:34:32 +0100

In the last decade, the music industry has become the paradigm of the transformations that has carried the development of the productive system towards Informational Capitalism. Of the hand of a quick technological innovation, not always produced by companies, new forms of production and consumption of music have been developed. This new environment has dragged the phonographic companies to a crisis of sales that has forced a radical transformation for the sake of survival. One of these business transformations has been the intensification of the management of copyright. This intensification occurs mainly in two areas: the extension of the protection deadlines and the expansion of the fields and rights management companies-driven activities. This article is intended to answer the question that lies behind the ambitions to modify the productive system: how create cultural industries capable, at the time, to maintain a common and democratic culture and also to develop initiatives to generate capital gains to musicians, songwriters, and other music professionals. We will use data from a research that have conducted three group interviews segmented by age. The aim is to cross the views and experiences of consumers with the analysis of the evolution of music industry organization. From the observation that the younger generations are installed in a culture of free music, we explore what new business opportunities appear and how are received from the conflicting positions already referred.

iPod: a Personalized Sound World for its Consumers

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:34:25 +0100

For the first time in industrialised culture, over fifty percent of the population possesses the ability to privatise whatever environment they might be in through the use of a dedicated MP3 player or through a mobile phone with MP3 capabilities. The consumption of technologically mediated sound in the 20th and 21st centuries represents an increasingly significant mode of ‘being-in-theworld’ in which the ‘self’ claims a mobile and auditory territory for itself through a specific form of ‘sensory gating’ permitting the user to screen out unwanted sounds through the creation of their own seductive soundscape. The untrammelled pleasures of creating a privatised mobile soundworld resonates through urban and cultural theory posing a set of interrelated theoretical problems relating to both our relation to the spaces we move through. the nature and meaning of public and private space., the potential for urban aestheticisation, urban retreat and withdrawalIn this paper I discuss the use of Apple iPod in terms of its use as a technological support system of users. The paper draws upon the Internet responses of over one thousand iPod users worldwide between 2004 and 2005. The paper investigates the specific nature of auditory mediation that use entails. It argues that iPod use can usefully be interpreted as a form of pleasurable toxicity within which the ‘total mediated’ world of users lies a dream of unmediated experience - of direct access to the world and one’s emotions.

Understanding the Emergence of Social Protocols on MySpace: Impact and its Ramifications

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:34:18 +0100

Over the recent years, MySpace has been vital to fostering the growth of independent musicians’ followings and have played critical roles in helping mainstream artists maintain fan communities. The popularity of MySpace has been accompanied by the establishment of social protocols which allow musicians to network with one another in an efficient and successful way. These protocols have inspired the publication of various books (such as «MySpace Music Profit Monster!: Proven Online Marketing Stra - tegies!» by Nicky Kalliongis devoted to providing tips and strategies for musicians. While some of these protocols pertain to being savvy with the technological aspect of MySpace, other protocols are directly related to learning a particular manner to network on MySpace. Furthermore, these practices are considered a serious work as they require a lot of time and networking skills to achieve a certain level of success, i.e. increasing the number of friends on one’s network. Thus, this article examines the emerging social protocols on MySpace as a form of affective and immaterial labor. The author argues that the implementation of various tips as provided by MySpace expert will possibly have a regressive effect on musicians’ social networking practices as these could become a standardized and repetitive practice. As a whole, this article traces the evolution of MySpace, especially in regards to the decreasing popularity of the site as a current trend.

Imaginative Appropriations of Music in the New Communicative Scenarios

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:34:10 +0100

Sharing music is a traditional mechanism of cultural sociability, the observation of wich is useful in order to understand the negotiation procedures of sense and identity. In the new digital scene, the act of sharing and offering music shows –along with the obvious purpose of establishing relationships with others as well as making them participate in something pleasant– a desire to spread one’s own personal taste and a will to communicate our one’s identity. Thus, now and then, communicating by means of music and sharing it –as well as giving an opinion on it– are ways of both self-representation and expression of one’s identity, offering others some sort of «musical personality»: another way of being in the world, typical of our era and related to a way of using the products of cultural industry with a personal purpose. This use, however, is not restricted to just expressing identity aspects: we use mass culture products in several ways with different purposes in our everyday life. According to some of these other uses, we will expand the field of the main subject of this article: other ways of sharing music that represent both permitted and non-permitted appropriations of music. We will accomplish this by considering some of the reasons that help getting a better understanding of the cultural task carried out by music (and other cultural products).

Loving Music: from a Sociology of Mediation to a Pragmatics of Taste

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:34:00 +0100

This contribution provides an account of musical taste as a meaningful accomplishment and a situated activity, with its tricks and bricolages, instead of reducing it to a game of social difference and identity. Taste is a problematic modality of attachment to the world. In such a pragmatist conception it is analyzed as a reflexive activity, corporeal, framed, collective, equipped, depending on places, moments and devices, which simultaneously produces the competencies of a music lover and a repertoire of objects. To be explained, it needs the sociologist to concentrate on gestures, objects, bodies, media, devices and relations engaged. Taste is a performance. Playing, listening, recording, making others listen…, all those activities amount to more than the actualization of a taste «already there». They are redefined during the action, with a result that is partly uncertain. Thus amateurs’ attachments and ways of doing things both engage and form subjectivities, and have a history, irreducible to that of the works. Understood in this way, as reflexive work performed on one’s own attachments, the amateur’s taste is no longer considered an arbitrary election to be explained by hidden social causes. Rather, it is a collective technique, whose analysis helps to understand the way we make ourselves sensitized, to things, to ourselves, to situations and to moments, while simultaneously reflexively controlling how those feelings might be shared and discussed with others.

The Sounds of Media. An Interdisciplinary Review of Research on Sound as Communication

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:33:52 +0100

Sound remains significantly underresearched as a form of communication, as a modality of experience, and as a resource for cultural expression and social interaction. This is in spite of the centrality of sound in most media and communicative practices, including face-to-face interaction and digital networks. Recent years, however, have witnessed a revitalized interest internationally in the area. This review revisits previous research on three sound prototypes – speech, music, and environmental soundscapes – which has mostly been undertaken in separate disciplines: rhetoric, philology, linguistics, classical musicology, popular music studies, architecture, discourse analysis, and more. The article, further, outlines the potential for more interdisciplinary research on sound as communication – as a source of meaning and as a resource for action. This potential is suggested by the diffusion of mobile media and the pervasiveness of communication in everyday contexts. At present, ordinary media users are in position, not only to receive, but also to send diverse forms of auditory, visual, as well as textual information. Users are becoming senders in new configurations of one-to-one, one-to-many, and, increasingly, many-to-many communication. Ubiquitous soundscapes and other mediascapes are even challenging received notions of what a ‘medium’ is and could be. In conclusion, the article suggests that the growing current interest in sound studies itself may be the product of a reconfigured media environment in which sound has come back in style.

Mediations in the New Digital Landscape. Music and Screens

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:33:44 +0100

The European Union Passes a Recommendation on Media Literacy in the European Digital Environment

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:33:37 +0100

Reviews Caplletra 48

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 10:00:10 +0100

Reviews Caplletra 48 (Spring, 2010) Josep M. Baldaquí Escandell, ressenya de M. Àngels Viladot i Presas, Lengua y comunicación intergrupal, Editorial UOC, Barcelona, 2008, 175 pp.Lluís Cabré, ressenya de diverses coedicions entre Editorial Barcino i Tamesis: The Catalan Expedition to the East: From The «Chronicle» of Ramon Muntaner, 2006; Ausiàs March, Verse Translations of Thirty Poems (ed. bilingüe), 2006; Francesc Eiximenis, An Anthology, 2008; «The Book of Sent Soví»: Medieval Recies form Catalonia (ed. bilingüe), 2008.Isabel Marcillas Piquer, ressenya de Francesc Fontanella: una obra, una vida, un temps, edició a cura de Pep Valsalobre i Gabriel Sansano, edicions Vitel·la («Philologica: Sèrie Estudis», 1), Bellcaire d'Empordà, 2006, 353 pp.Sònia Gros i Lladós, ressenya de Júlia Butinyà Jiménez, M. Marco i Artigas & J. Miguel Briongos (ed.), Nova antologia de la Literatura Catalana, Madrid, Uned, 2007, 458 pp.Miquel Nicolás, ressenya d'Àngels Massip (coord.), Llengua i identitat, Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, 2008, 150 pp.Anna Maria Vilallonga, ressenya de Manuela Pla, Lluís Misson, Pau Esteve & Jacinto Valledor, La 'tonadilla' del segle XVIII i Catalunya, edició d'Aurèlia Pessarrodona, Barcelona, Tritó, 2008, 168 pp.Vicent J. Escartí, ressenya de Poesia catalana del barroc. Antologia, a cura d'Albert Rossich i Pep Valsolbre, Bellcaire d'Empordà, Edicions Vitel·la, 2006, 404 pp.Maite Monar van Vliet, ressenya de Montserrat Corretger, Escriptors, periodistes i crítics. El combat per la novel·la (1924-1936), Barcelona, Publicacions de l'Abadia de Montserrat, 2008, 203 pp.Gonçal López-Pampló, ressenya de Laia Climent, Maria-Mercè Marçal, cos i compromís, València/Barcelona, Institut de Filologia Valenciana / Publicacions de l'Abadia de Montserrat, 2008, 266 pp.

Reviews Caplletra 49

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 10:00:03 +0100

Reviews Caplletra 49 (Autumn, 2010) Gabriel Sansano, ressenya de Paula A. Sprage, El Europeo (Barcelona, 1823-1824): Prensa, Modernidad y Universalismo, Madrid / Frankfurt am Main, Iberoamericana/Vervuert, 2009, «La cuestión palpitante, los siglos XVIII y XIX en España», núm. 10 364 pp. d'estudi, índexs i notes preliminars més 947 pàgines amb la reproducció facsímil d'El Europeo. Pròleg de Carme Riera.Maria Barceló Crespí, ressenya de Gabriel Ensenyat Pujol, Jaume I. E rei que forjà una corona, Palma, Ajuntament de Palma («Biografies de mallorquins», 24), 2009, 111 pp.Carme Barceló, ressenya d'Amalia Zomeño, Catálogo de los manuscritos árabes de la Biblioteca de Montserrat, Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas / Publicacions de l'Abadia de Montserrat («Orientalia Montserratensia», 4), 2009, 135 pp. i làm.Llum Bracho Lapiedra, ressenya de Heike van Lawick, Manual de traducció alemany-català, Vic, Eumo («Biblioteca de Traducció i Interpretació»), 2009.Marion Coderch, ressenya de Robert Archer, Lo cor salvatge: indagacions sobre Ausiàs March, València, Institució Alfons el Magnànim / Diputació de València, 2009, 185 pp.Vicent Josep Escartí, ressenya de Gabriel Sansano, Un cabàs de rialles. Entremesos i col·loquis dramàtics valencians del segle XVIII. Edició i pròleg, Valls, Cossetània («Biblioteca de Tots colors», 4), 2009, 206 pp.Maria Estellés, ressenya de María Pilar Garcés Gómez, La organización del discurso: marcadores de ordenación y reformulación, Madrid/Frankfurt, Iberoamericana/Vervuert, 170 pp.Rosa Estopà, ressenya de Xavier Rull, Els estrangerismes del català. Com són i per què en tenim. Una aproximació social i lingüística, Tarragona, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2009, 150 pp.Isabel Marcillas Piquer, ressenya d'El País de les Meravelles: un espai dramatúrgic en costrucció, Dramatúrgia al País de les Meravelles?, «I Simposi sobre el teatre infantil i juvenil», edició a cura de Francesc Foguet i Núria Santamaria, Lleida, Punctum / GELCC, 2008, 180 pp.Joaquim Martí Mestre, ressenya de Rafael Alemany (dir.), Diccionari del lèxic de les poesies d'Ausiàs March, Paiporta (València), Denes, 2008, 341 pp.Maite Monar van Vliet, ressenya de Joan R. Veny-Mesquida, Jordi Malé i Andratx Badia (ed.), Lectures de literatura catalana contemporània. Noves aproximacions, Lleida, Aula Màrius Torres, 2009, 140 pp.Josep E. Rubio, ressenya de Ramon Llull, Romanç d'Evast e Blaquerna. Edició crítica d'Albert Soler i Joan Santanach, Palma, Nova Edició de les Obres de Ramon Llull, VIII. Patronat Ramon Llull, 2009, 709 pp.Gonçal López-Pampló, ressenya de Frederic Barberà, Gabriel Miró and Catalan Culture. The Forging of Literaty Language in the Context of his Poetics, Nova Orleans, University Press of the South, 2004, 294 pp.Jeroni Méndez, ressenya de Margalida Pons et alii (ed.), Escriptures contemporànies: Baltasar Porcel i la seva obra, Barcelona, Universitat de les Illes Balears / PAM, 2009, 450 pp.Francesc Pérez i Moragon, ressenya de Josep Massot i Muntaner, Aportacions a la història de la guerra civil a Mallorca, Barcelona, Publicacions de l'Abadia de Montserrat, 2009, 211 pp.Ana Muñoz, ressenya de Xavier Macià et alii (coord.), Les revistes literàries a la Catalunya d'entreguerres. Crítica, recepció, traducció, Lleida, Aula Màrius Torres / Pagès Editors, 2008, 190 pp.Carlos Hernández Sacristán, ressenya de Pilar Ordóñez López, Miseria y esplendor en la traducción. La influencia de Ortega y Gasset en la traductología contemporánea, Castelló de la Plana, Publicacions de la Universitat Jaume I, 2009, 284 pp.

Notes sobre la tradició textual del "Llibre dels Àngels" de Francesc Eiximenis

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:19:34 +0100

En aquest article s’analitzen alguns aspectes de la tradició textual del "Llibre dels àngels" (1392) de Francesc Eiximenis, a partir d’una col·lació dels quinze primers capítols del quart tractat, i es confronten amb les anàlisis textuals publicades per Wittlin (1983) i Gascon (1992). En alguns casos, es confirmen observacions anteriors (grups BOTE, GS, o el comportament estrany de A) i en altres es proposen nous grups (JN, MP) o solucions alternatives d’anàlisi (relació L i edicions incunables rm, i bipartició de la tradició ADGJLMNPQSrm / BEHOTD).

Per un'etica degli scambi economici. La funzione civile del mercato in Eiximenis e nella pedagogia politica francescana (1273-1493)

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:19:27 +0100

Nell’ultimo ventennio storici e filosofi hanno individuato e sottolineato i limiti di una scienza politica fondata unicamente su prospettive descrittive e normative, su
modelli ermeneutici che costruiscono, su queste basi etiche pubbliche e categorie esplicative delle organizzazioni civili e politiche. In questa prospettiva, critica, è evidente l’opportunità di un approccio euristico capace di analizzare le parole, i lessemi di lunga durata —appartenenti al lessico politico— non come entità sigillate, chiuse nel loro valore semantico attuale, ma come termini, territori di confine di linguaggi, spie di una stratificazione epocale che restituisce a quelle parole densità storica e spessore concettuale.
In quest’ottica ho studiato alcuni testi appartenenti ad una amplissima testualità francescana offerta, quale testualità politica consiliativa a supporto di istituzioni
civili ed economiche nell’ambito dei paesi del Mediterraneo Occidentale nel corso del Basso Medioevo da Arnau de Vilanova, Ramon Llull, Francesc Eiximenis, Roberto
Caracciolo, Bernardino da Feltre. Essi esprimono una testualità che ha un preciso e ben determinato obiettivo analitico: la comprensione delle strutture comunitarie,
dell’esercizio del potere, degli scambi nel mercato. Quest’ultimo identificato qual estruttura comunitaria, ovvero una vera e propria agorà civica all’interno della quale la dinamica delle negoziazioni non riguarda solo le merci ma implica anche una riflessione sui pre-requisiti che legittimano l’esistenza del mercato. I francescani, e segnatamente i testi eiximeniani, rivelano una spiccata capacità di interrogarsi sulle ragioni fondative del mercato e del denaro, sulle funzioni civili degli scambi economici e del credito.

Malaltia i salut en l'obra de Francesc Eiximenis

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:19:19 +0100

Diversos autors han analitzat els voluminosos tractats de Francesc Eiximenis, especialment pel que fa a matèries relacionades amb la teologia moral, però també sobre altres temes, com la guerra i la pau, l’astrologia, el govern, la cuina i el menjar, i d’altres. En aquest article ens proposem apropar-nos a com Eiximenis tracta el tema dels hospitals, medicina, salut i malaltia. Eiximenis es preocupava de les necessitats del poble que sofria tot tipus de malalties; a part d’haver viscut durant diverses epidèmies, que provocà moltes morts a la península, també suggerí als jurats de València un bon sistema d’hospitals i on s’haurien de construir, i també els cridà l’atenció respecte de
les deficiències sanitàries de la ciutat.

Era cristià "Lo Crestià" de Francesc Eiximenis? Història d'un error de paleografia

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:19:10 +0100

Francesc Eiximenis va treballar en una enciclopèdia que havia de tenir tretze volums entre els anys 1380 i 1390. En els manuscrits les formes «crestià», «crestiana»,
«crestianisme», etc. són freqüents i semblen justificar el títol "Crestià". El present article posa en relleu que en els manuscrits medievals aquests termes s’abreujaven d’acord amb les recomanacions de teòlegs i místics que desitjaven manifestar, a través de l’ús de lletres especials i d’abreviatures, els misteris inherents a les lletres dels noms «Jesús» i «Crist». Una abreviatura molt freqüent per «cristià» era xpa amb un signe sobre la p. Aquest signe era molt similar al signe usat per abreujar el conjunt de lletres "re" o "rest". Els copistes, després d’haver vist centenars d’abreviatures d’aquesta mena, o de paraules
en què el grup "pre" s’escrivia amb una p acompanyada de l’abreviatura per "re", creient que "ia" era el final de la paraula i estan acostumats a la pronúncia dissimilada "crestià", van acostumar-se a transcriure aquestes abreviatures com "crestià", tot i que Eiximenis explica que «cristià devalla de Crist».

Un testimoni sobre la vida de Sanxa Ximenis d'Arenós i sobre l'origen del "Llibre de les dones"

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:19:03 +0100

L’estudi de la documentació relacionada amb Sanxa Ximenis d’Arenós, comtessa de Prades, permet de conèixer molt millor les seves activitats i els seus moviments en els últims anys de la seva vida, quan va entrar en contacte amb Eiximenis, que li va dedicar el "Llibre de les dones". L’edició i l’estudi, sobretot, d’un plet relacionat amb la separació del comte Pere de Prades i de Sanxa Ximenis, la seva esposa, que va acabar fent vida en el convent de les clarisses de València, proporciona noves dades sobre la gènesi del "Llibre de les dones".

Cinc estudis sobre Francesc Eiximenis (introducció al monogràfic)

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:18:56 +0100

Anàlisi de les unitats fraseològiques amb funció connectiva en un fragment de conversa col·loquial

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:18:49 +0100

L’article se centra en l’anàlisi de les estructures prefabricades, és a dir, de caràcter fraseològic, que indiquen connexió, en un fragment de conversa col·loquial. S’hi analitza el distint grau de gramaticalització que presenten i els valors connectius que indiquen en cada context. Es para especial atenció a la construcció és que, que presenta un grau relativament baix de gramaticalització i que només contextualment pot indicar relacions connectives.

Els escriptors finiseculars a la llar hispana i els fluents llindars d'un model d'interliterarietat

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:18:42 +0100

Aproximació a les relacions literàries catalanes-castellanes a la «fi de Segle», des de la recuperació de dades més generals i reconstructores de certs aspectes d’aquell
espectre fins a un cas concret —el de Caterina Albert i Paradís, Víctor Català, i el seu «vedat»—, exercici que pot ajudar a indagar sobre algun dels seus dobles vessants. En particular, s’interroga sobre l’abast de la combinatòria possible entre identitat i correspondències intel·lectuals i artístiques.

Les connotacions ideològiques dels models lingüístics valencians: situació actual i condicionants històrics

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:18:34 +0100

Estudi de les connotacions ideològiques dels models lingüístics presents en la comunitat de parla valenciana, a partir d’una selecció de variants lingüístiques sociològicament connotades, especialment de la transició ençà. El marc teoricometodològic emprat sorgeix de la combinació de l’anàlisi crítica del discurs amb la sociolingüística "latu sensu".

La consciència del prestigi lingüístic entre els joves. Una aportació a l'estudi descriptiu de la inseguretat lingüística formal al País Valencià

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:16:15 +0100

En aquest article presentem els resultats d’una investigació a gran escala sobre la Inseguretat Lingüística Formal o laboviana (ILF). La mostra és representativa de
l’univers estudiat —els joves valencians dels dos darrers cursos de l’ensenyament obligatori— i està formada per 2190 estudiants entre 14 i 16 anys de 31 centres d’educació secundària de les localitats del País Valencià on es parla la llengua catalana. La ILF és un índex de la percepció que tenen els parlants de la distància que hi
ha entre els seus usos lingüístics i les formes lingüístiques més prestigioses. En l’article es presenten els resultats de la ILF en l’ús de tretze variables fonètiques, morfològiques i lèxiques. S’hi descriu el fenomen de la inseguretat lingüística formal, l’abast que té entre els joves i les tendències que presenta en relació a altres variables sociolingüístiques rellevants com són la primera llengua dels enquestats i la tipologia lingüística del programa educatiu que segueixen. L’article demostra l’interés de la descripció de la ILF i de les tendències en què es manifesta com una eina valuosa per a l’anàlisi de l’evolució del model de llengua, la planificació lingüística, l’establiment de la llengua estàndard o l’ensenyament escolar de les llengües.

Entonació i pressuposició en les interrogatives absolutes del mallorquí

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:16:06 +0100

Aquest treball investiga de quina manera l’entonació reflecteix el diferents graus de coneixement del parlant en les interrogatives absolutes del mallorquí. Mitjançant tres experiments de percepció (un test d’adequació, un test d’avaluació i un test d’identificació basat en el paradigma clàssic de la percepció categorial) s’ha pogut demostrar que els oients catalans distingeixen quan el parlant no té ni idea de quina serà la resposta de la pregunta que està produint de quan el parlant té certes hipòtesis sobre quina hi serà la resposta i cerca confirmació d’aquestes hipòtesis. També s’ha
pogut comprovar que les interrogatives manifesten una gradació de coneixement del parlant a l’hora de produir les interrogatives (així com de coneixement pressuposat a
l’interlocutor), com havia proposat Escandell (1993, 1998) des del punt de vista pragmàtic, i que els oients indentifiquen basant-se, sobretot, en indicis entonatius, però també en indicis morfosintàctics.

L'"Atles interactiu de l'entonació del català" i el traçat de les isoglosses entonatives del català

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:15:56 +0100

En la primera part d’aquest article presentem el projecte de l’"Atles interactiu de l’entonació del català", que té com a objectiu la presentació d’una sèrie de materials en àudio i en vídeo per a l’estudi de la prosòdia i l’entonació dels dialectes catalans. En la segona part expliquem els primers resultats geoprosòdics que s’han obtingut a partir de l’anàlisi de diferents tipus de patrons entonatius de l’"Atles", tot iniciant el traçat de
les isoglosses prosòdiques en el domini lingüístic català. Per una banda, veurem que hi ha contorns entonatius que són molt generals a tot el domini, com ara els contorns de les frases declaratives neutres i els de les declaratives que expressen un sentit d’obvietat; per altra banda, hi ha uns altres contorns, com els de les preguntes informatives i els de les preguntes confirmatòries, que presenten força diversitat dialectal. En la part final de l’article analitzem aquesta variació geoprosòdica i presentem una hipòtesi diacrònica de l’evolució d’aquests contorns.

Aproximació a la partícula "idò", valors i melodies

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:15:48 +0100

L’article vol ser una primera aproximació als usos actuals de la partícula catalana
idò. Àmpliament utilitzada en la parla col·loquial i espontània de les Illes Balears, la
partícula parteix d’usos comuns amb el seu originari doncs (fr. donc, it. dunque), però
ha anat prenent altres valors, tot i mantenir una notable simetria. Al costat de valors
consecutius i de marcador discursiu pot funcionar com a element interrogatiu i interjecció.
Com sovint s’esdevé amb certes partícules, idò pren valors lligats a l’entonació,
que permetrà destriar retolacions i significats.

Declaratives i interrogatives absolutes del català en l'"Atles multimèdia de prosòdia de l'espai romànic"

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:15:39 +0100

En el marc de l’"Atles Multimèdia de Prosòdia de l’Espai Romànic", el grup AMPERCAT desenvolupa des de la Universitat de Barcelona i des de l’any 2003, l’estudi de la variació dialectal de la prosòdia del català i del castellà en el domini lingüístic del català. Aquest treball constitueix una síntesi dels resultats principals trobats fins al dia d’avui en la majoria de punts estudiats de la nostra llengua pel que fa a l’entonació.
En el diasistema oriental presentem els resultats de frases declaratives i interrogatives absolutes neutres (amb dues formulacions) a Barcelona, Girona, l’Alguer i Maó. En el diasistema occidental, els resultats obtinguts a Lleida, Tortosa, Castelló de la Plana, València i Novelda (Alacant).
Tot i haver-hi semblances entre les modalitats oracionals de les zones estudiades, hi ha unes diferències que cal anar a cercar, principalment, en la modalitat interrogativa encapçalada per la conjunció àtona que. Després de la descripció de les melodies,
presentem els etiquetatges fonològics que corresponen a aquestes frases en el context de la teoria AM, seguint la proposta de Cat_ToBI (Prieto et alii 2009), i a partir de la consideració del llindar psicoacústic d’un semitò i mig (Pàmies et alii 2002) i les fórmules creades ad hoc al Laboratori de Fonètica de la Universitat de Barcelona per a un etiquetatge automàtic partint de les dades fonètiques (Martínez Celdrán &
Fernández Planas 2003; Roseano, Fernández Planas & Martínez Celdrán en preparació).

L'expressió de la incredulitat en català: un estudi prosòdic

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:15:31 +0100

Aquest article pretén aprofundir en l’anàlisi entonativa de les oracions interrogatives absolutes informatives i les que denoten incredulitat en català. En la primera part expliquem els primers resultats geoprosòdics, els quals s’han obtingut a partir de
l’anàlisi de les oracions interrogatives absolutes neutres i les interrogatives absolutes que denoten incredulitat de l’"Atles interactiu de l’entonació del català", tot iniciant el traçat de les isoglosses prosòdiques en el domini lingüístic català. En la segona part de l’article presentem els resultats d’un experiment de percepció en català central que pretén investigar quins trets prosòdics són els que calen als parlants per a distingir els dos tipus d’oracions interrogatives que analitzem.

Introducció monogràfic

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:15:22 +0100

Poesia contemporània i pintura: Salvador Espriu i Miquel Martí i Pol en l'obra d'Antoni Miró

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:15:13 +0100

A partir de l’anàlisi de les relacions personals i artístiques entre el pintor Antoni Miró (Alcoi, 1944) i diversos poetes catalans contemporanis com Joan Valls, Salvador Espriu, Vicent Andrés Estellés o Miquel Martí i Pol, l’article pretén abordar els límits dels discursos artístics i literaris en dues sèries de collages d’aquest artista, "La pell de brau" i "Suite de Parlavà". Les dues col·leccions d’il·lustracions van ser realitzades entre els anys 1993 i 1994 a partir dels poemaris de Salvador Espriu i Miquel Martí i Pol que donen nom a les sèries. La tria lèxica del pintor, com també el desenvolupament conceptual d’aquestes obres, esdevé el punt de partida de la nostra anàlisi per a observar
el grau de concreció dels poemes i dels collages, de manera que també hi hem pogut establir diversos paral·lelismes discursius i expressius, com ara els referits al pas del temps, l’angoixa pel passat i l’esperança pel futur. La principal aportació de Miró al sistema conceptual dels dos poetes és, sens dubte, el tractament de l’erotisme del cos femení a l’hora d’abordar diverses reflexions existencials localitzables en els seus poemaris.

Teodor Llorente i la llengua dels valencians

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:15:03 +0100

A partir de la dècada dels anys 60 del segle XIX, els escriptors catalans començaren a bandejar les velles denominacions de «llemosí» i «llengua llemosina», aplicades a la llengua comuna, en favor de «català» i «llengua catalana». Tanmateix, els escriptors valencians, amb Teodor Llorente al capdavant, es resistiren a abandonar la denominació històrica, ja que a València l’apel·latiu «català» no gaudia de tradició terminològica,
i a més creava rebuig social. En aquest sentit, l’estudi repassa la manera com, en un primer moment, Llorente no volgué renunciar a un nom secular que, tot i saber etimològicament erroni, considerava socialment més apropiat; fins que, amb el pas dels anys, i influït per les pressions que li arribaven des de Catalunya, anà substituint progressivament el terme «llemosí» per noms i expressions com ara «valencià», «llengua
valenciana», «la llengua comuna», «la llengua d’Ausiàs March», «la llengua que es parla en Catalunya, Mallorca i València», «la llengua que es parla des dels Pirineus
fins a Elx, i les Illes Balears» i, finalment, també «català».

De Pascoli a Maria Antònia Salvà: afinitats i influències

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:14:51 +0100

Maria Antònia Salvà va dedicar molts anys a traduir un dels poetes més importants del simbolisme italià, Giovanni Pascoli. L’interès de la poeta mallorquina també devia ser motivat per les múltiples afinitats que devia apreciar entre la seva poesia i la del poeta italià. Entre els punts de contacte que podem reconèixer entre tots dos destaca sens dubte el protagonisme que adquireixen, en el seu imaginari poètic, els paisatges
humils del món camperol i la dimensió modesta i quotidiana de la vida rural i dels afectes familiars. Però hi ha molts altres aspectes que els agermanen i, especialment, la pràctica d’una poesia atenta als aspectes musicals del vers, la recerca d’efectes fonosimbòlics i la riquesa d’un lèxic que és alhora específic i simbòlic. L’objectiu d’aquest treball és il·lustrar algunes de les més importants afinitats temàtiques i formals i, alhora, assenyalar possibles casos d’influències concretes d’imatges, de situacions o de versospascolians dins l’obra de Salvà.

La motivació pragmàtica de la cohesió en la conversa

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:14:41 +0100

Aquest treball pretén donar compte de la dimensió pragmàtica de la cohesió a través de l’anàlisi d’un text argumentatiu conversacional. El treball se situa en el marc teòric de la Gramàtica Discursiva Funcional («Functional Discourse Grammar», FDG, Hengeveld & Mackenzie 2008, 2009). Es mostra que la cohesió es formula en el nivell interpersonal (pragmàtic) de la gramàtica mitjançant l’establiment de diverses formes de coherència en cadascuna de les capes que la FDG situa en aquest nivell: la capa dels "moviments", que regula l’organització textual; la dels "actes de discurs", que regula l’organització de l’acció; i la dels "continguts comunicats" i les seves parts, els subactes de "referència" i d’"adscripció", que regula l’organització de la informació. En l’activitat lingüística, la formulació de la coherència en el nivell interpersonal (pragmàtic) es combina amb la formulació de la coherència en el nivell representacional (semàntic) i amb l’adequació al context, que no són tractats en aquest treball. En la conversa, parlants diferents poden contribuir de manera conjunta a la construcció d’un text cohesiu que és, en part, el resultat de la formulació pragmàtica de la coherència.

Natalia Fernández (ed.), Pedro Calderón de la Barca, El mágico prodigioso, Barcelona, Editorial Crítica, 2008.

Scipedia content — Thu, 14 Mar 2019 09:52:10 +0100

Fausta Antonucci (ed.), Pedro Calderón de la Barca, La vita è un sogno, con testo a fronte, a cura di Fausta Antonucci, Venezia, «Letteratura universale Marsilio», 2009.

Scipedia content — Thu, 14 Mar 2019 09:52:02 +0100

Calderón, rewriter of Lope

Scipedia content — Thu, 14 Mar 2019 09:51:54 +0100

The most recent bibliography comes lending noble attention to the Calderonian rewriting of his own works, and less to that which was realized about others. The “Other Calderón”, that the present study comes close to, is the competitive rewriting of Lope de Vega comedies. After examining the different proposed cases to date (that end up being false or about comedies of doubtful Lope authenticity or of very short scope), there is a pause at the two in which there is the greatest possibility of attending to the meeting between the two highest monarchs of the Spanish golden theater in the textual battlefield. One of them with certainty: Saber del mal y el bien at this moment in time constitutes reliably the only testimony of rewriting of the Calderonian rewriting about a Lope comedy, Las mudanzas de fortuna y sucesos de don Beltrán de Aragón, about which there is still not criticism. The other case presents still greater interest in that the dialogue references between the rewritten comedy, Las almenas de Toro, and its rewriting, Cómo se comunican dos estrellas contrarias, and the battle spirit that governs the operation. Many strong indications signal Calderón as an author of this latest comedy, the majority of which consist of testimonies of a type of rewriting which is very common for him: the “reutilization” of episodes, images, expressions.

Calderón’s Céfalo y Pocris: between rewriting and a meta-burlesque game

Scipedia content — Thu, 14 Mar 2019 09:51:48 +0100

Starting from the fundamental premise of the insufficiency of a purely descriptive approximation to the Golden Age burlesque comedies, and the need to analyze each text of this genre not only through the conventional characters of comic-absurd playwriting, the present study aims for an analysis of the parody character and of the underl-ying literary functions in Céfalo y Pocris, the only burlesque comedy that we have from Calderón de la Barca. Underlying the necessity to detect a more exact link between the burlesque hypertext and its complex hipotext (where the two works of Calderón take precedence, Celos, aun del aire, matan and Auristela y Lisidante), the study highlights the strong meta-theatrical component of the comedy. Ultimately, through this essential element of the work, the study-stressing the ideas about painting that Calderón leaves us with in his Treaty defending the nobleness of painting-attempts to demonstrate how in Céfalo y Pocris the playwright, in continual allusions to the figurative imagination that theater shares with painting, and in spite of the comic-burlesque regime, confirms the aesthetic and poetic foundations of his playwriting and his worldview.

Milán 1838: La aurora en Copacabana translated by Pietro Monti

Scipedia content — Thu, 14 Mar 2019 09:51:41 +0100

At the beginning of the nineteenth century, in Italy, the received view of Calderón’s theatrical works saw them in contrast with the prevailing classicism at the theoretical level. However, with the growing establishment of romanticism, there was an exploitation of the freedom of expression and exchange among national literatures. As a consequence, there was a new interest in the great Spanish playwright. We find the translations by Biagio Gamboa, Giacinto Battaglia, and particularly Pietro Monti: a remarkable and well- read parish priest from a small village nearby Como, who published the Italian translations of 14 dramas by Calderón between 1838 and 1855.We consider one of them, La aurora en Copacabana, to give an idea of the approach of this translator to Calderón’s text and of the influence of the Milanese milieu in which Monti lived.

The creative aspirations of a copyist: the intervention of Diego Martínez de Mora en Un Castigo en tres venganzas

Scipedia content — Thu, 14 Mar 2019 09:51:35 +0100

In this paper I study the manuscript of the play entitled Un castigo en tres venganzas, by Diego Martínez de Mora. Copyist, bookseller, memorión and maybe even an actor, the existing texts transcribed by him show the profile of a remarkable person that is hard to be pigeonholed in the network that shape the complex transmission process of our Golden Age theater. I’ll analyze the three different stages in which his intervention in Calderon’s text can be organized from the simple precise correction to the moment when he gave free rein to his creative desires as it can be proved in the number of verses (even a whole new scene) that he decided to include and are totally unknown in the rest of the printed versions of the text.

The comic element in the saints’ comedy (I). Notes on Capricho, the funny student of the Catechism in El José de las mujeres

Scipedia content — Thu, 14 Mar 2019 09:51:29 +0100

This article is the first part of a complete study of gracioso Capricho’s functions and characterization in the religious play El José de las mujeres. After discussing different methodological aspects on the approach to the study of the «gracioso» character in Golden Age studies, the author examines some similarities and differences between the role of the graciosos in El José and the two other «comedies of saints» by Calderón (El mágico prodigioso and Los dos amantes del cielo). Rubiera focuses on Capricho’s appearances and his relevance on the plot of El José de las mujeres, he determines the exact number and the nature of his lines and the distribution of his presence on stage during the three acts of the play. Finally the article emphasizes both the role of the gracioso in the economy of the play and his significance in creating the dramatic rhythm where serious and comic moments are mixed in the theatrical religious celebration.

Calderón and the italian opera

Scipedia content — Thu, 14 Mar 2019 09:51:22 +0100

This work analyzes four Italian opera librettos derived from the four comedies of Calderón (El alcaide de sí mismo, Ni amor se libra de amor, El Faetonte, Eco y Narcisco), centering on the criteria of adaptation that are given between comedies and librettos, whether there is present an intermediary stage (constructed by an Italian or French rewriting), or a direct derivation of the Calderonian texts is treated. The comparison of the librettos with the Spanish «texts of music» further permits a highlighting of the different characteristics of the two types of musical shows, underlining the strong presence in Spain of the literary text, which does not allow for the necessary simplification of the Italian «drama by music».

Calderón, the canon and the repertory

Scipedia content — Thu, 14 Mar 2019 09:51:16 +0100

The definition of the Calderonian canon is not easy.Three canons are examined in this work: the academic, which recognizes between twenty and thirty titles as central in its production; that of the student (that presumably does not differ much from the unspecialized, cultured public), which is reduced to two or three titles; and the scenic, which distinguishes between a very limited cast of works whose stagings are repeated, and a wider list (close but not the same as that of the academic canon) of those which have only been offered in the past forty years of counted stagings. There remains, moreover, much Calderón to discover.

“Llorar los ojos y callar los labios”: the rethoric of silence in No hay cosa como callar

Scipedia content — Thu, 14 Mar 2019 09:51:09 +0100

No hay cosa como callar is a Calderonian comedy labeled on various occasions as a masterpiece, but that to date does not include an extensive bibliography. In this work, through the Don Juanesque consideration of its characters and by considering genre adscription of the piece (a cape and knife comedy or a serious drama), the author studies the rhetoric of prevailing silence about action and characters, especially that of Leonor.

Angiola d’Orso and the translation of Con quien vengo, vengo

Scipedia content — Thu, 14 Mar 2019 09:51:03 +0100

Professor Marcello’s work treats the Italian translation of Con quien vengo, vengo, realized by the Italian actress Angiola d’Orso in 1666. The analysis of the translation seeks to establish the differences of interpretation from the Italian perspective of a Spanish text seen as contemporary.

Criticism of literary genres in Calderón’s Céfalo y Pocris

Scipedia content — Thu, 14 Mar 2019 09:50:56 +0100

This work focus on the burlesque comedy Céfalo y Pocris by Calderón according to the theory of the literary genres based on the Philosophical Materialism as a Theory of Literature.

“Then to my Jácaras I return”: Calderón and the synthesis of a genre

Scipedia content — Thu, 14 Mar 2019 09:50:50 +0100

This work states how the poetic jácara sung in the first decades of the seventeenth century is taken on in a natural manner in the forties of that century by the entremesada jácaras, that bring it to the stage upon converting into theatrical characters those which until then were only poetic parlamentarians, but that had within them a strong seed of theatricality. Furthermore, there is an analysis of the figure and facts of one of the most well-known checks of his epic: ‘el Ñarro’, in order to demonstrate with concrete works his passage from the poetry of Cancer to the theater of Calderón through at least three entremesas: the Jácaras, first and second part and The Robbery of the Sheets. Lastly, the thorny question is raised of the imbrication between The Robbery of the Sheets attributed to Calderón, widely related to The Jácaras, first and second part, the first of which has a sure attribution to Calderón, and the starter titled The Organs and Sacristans, attributed to Quiñones de Benavente and known only in a late print.With respect to the last question, it is not possible to conclude at the moment anything but the better operation of The Robbery of the Sheets and to state that it has thirty-six identical verses to the starter The Robbery of the Sheets. As it is still lacking that a good expert on Quiñones achieves the rooting of The Organs and Sacristans in the production of that playwright, it is worth noting that the greatest quality of the piece attributed to Calderón and his dependence on, at least, one work of certain attribution to this playwright, raises the thought that The Organs and the Sacristans adapts The Robbery of the Sheets and that maybe it would be a good idea to rethink the attribution of The Organs, that is given until now to Quiñones de Benavente.

Dates of El Faetonte, de Calderón

Scipedia content — Thu, 14 Mar 2019 09:50:43 +0100

The aim of this paper is to study the date of composition and first performance of El Faetonte and related plays.The paper also examines the staging of the play after the first representation. In this context special attention is given to the second performance of El Faetonte for which the playwright could have modified the original play.

The scenic humor in the teatro breve of Calderón: La casa holgona, Las Carnestolendas and La garapiña

Scipedia content — Thu, 14 Mar 2019 09:50:36 +0100

Review of the complex construction of the brief comic theater of Calderón, taking as reference two entremeses: La casa holgona y Las carnestolendas, and one mojiganga, La garapiña, highlighting the elements of scenic comic elements. In other words, the comic sense that depends of the interpretation of actors in the stage. These elements may be redundant, complementary or essential for the humorous contents. This consideration is made without neglecting that the sum and sign relation between the two discourses (dramatic and spectacular) has a bigger effect that only one of them.

Fortune and scenic history of a calderonian comedy: Bien vengas, mal si vienes solo

Scipedia content — Thu, 14 Mar 2019 09:50:30 +0100

The author examines a relatively unknown Calderonian comedy, Bien vengas, mal si vienes solo. The study specifically centers on the tangled comedy genre, the scenic trajectory of the piece, Manuel Eduardo de Gorostiza’s consolidation of the 19th century with the title También hay secreto en mujer, and lastly Ángel María Dacarrete's consolidation.

The tragic calderonian joker: a case of multiplicity

Scipedia content — Thu, 14 Mar 2019 09:50:23 +0100

The present work aims to present, through the peculiar treatment of the Calderonian joker in his tragedies, the concrete case of El alcalde de Zalamea, where a tendency towards generalization of the comic agent can be appreciated in the presence of three pairs within the work: Rebolledo and la Chispa, Don mendo and Nuño, and lastly Pedro Crespo and Don Lope de Figueroa. This cast of figures has a justified presence in the tragic framework of the comedy.

El problema de la Sexta parte de comedias escogidas

Scipedia content — Thu, 14 Mar 2019 09:50:17 +0100

La bibliografía del Siglo de Oro se complica por culpa de las ediciones piratas que pueden resultar engañosas. Después de analizar las técnicas de impresión por los profesionales y los fraudulentos del Siglo de Oro, el autor analiza la conocidísima problemática de la existencia de diferentes copias de la Sexta parte de comedias escogidas. El objetivo final del artículo es plantear una hipótesis sobre dónde y cuándo fueron impresas las sueltas de la Sexta parte de comedias, además del lugar y la fecha de composición de los volúmenes.

Myth and icon for a Real Feast

Scipedia content — Thu, 14 Mar 2019 09:50:09 +0100

This paper examines the complex relationship between mythology and theater. Specifically between the myth of Pandora and Calderón’s La estatua de Prometeo.

Calderón’s Foolishness

Scipedia content — Thu, 14 Mar 2019 09:50:02 +0100

This work deals with the comic facet of Calderón as a man of jokes. The author examines various humorous modalities of the playwright in several of his comedies, in his short theater and in the burlesque comedy, specifically in Céfalo y Pocris.

Calderón and the refranero

Scipedia content — Thu, 14 Mar 2019 09:42:36 +0100

This paper aims at analysing the corpus of proverbs in Calderón de la Barca’s plays. As a matter of fact, many of don Pedro’s plays are entitled according to one of the corpus proverbs. Furthermore, the plot is always elaborated starting from the title and the title proverb is continuosly inserted in the text. This essay aims not only at finding proverbial quotations into the lexical structure, but especially at discovering how they have been inserted as well as the level of awareness in every quotation.

Palabras preliminares

Scipedia content — Thu, 14 Mar 2019 09:42:30 +0100

A family of residual‐based stabilized finite element methods for Stokes flows

María Jesús Samper — Wed, 27 Feb 2019 13:05:23 +0100

We present a collection of stabilized finite element (FE) methods derived via first‐ and second‐order finite calculus (FIC) procedures. It is shown that several well known existing stabilized FE methods such as the penalty technique, the Galerkin Least Square (GLS) method, the Pressure Gradient Projection (PGP) method and the orthogonal sub‐scales (OSS) method are recovered from the general residual‐based FIC stabilized form. A new family of stabilized Pressure Laplacian Stabilization (PLS) FE methods with consistent nonlinear forms of the stabilization parameters are derived. The distinct feature of the family of PLS methods is that they are residual‐based, i.e. the stabilization terms depend on the discrete residuals of the momentum and/or the incompressibility equations. The advantages and disadvantages of the different stabilization techniques are discussed and several examples of application are presented.

The challenge of mass conservation in the solution of free‐surface flows with the fractional‐step method: Problems and solutions

María Jesús Samper — Wed, 23 Jan 2019 11:50:43 +0100

The purpose of this paper is to put in evidence that the fractional‐step method (FSM) used to solve the incompressible transient Euler and Navier–Stokes equations for free‐surface flows has a problem inherent to the method that may produce unacceptable variations of the domain volume. A simple modification of the free‐surface boundary term is introduced in order to reduce considerably the volume loss and preserve the computational advantages of the FSM.

Advancing front techniques for filling space with arbitrary separated objects

María Jesús Samper — Fri, 18 Jan 2019 13:32:00 +0100

A review is given of advancing front techniques for filling space with arbitrary separated objects. Over the last decade, these techniques have reached a considerable degree of maturity and are being used to generate clouds of points for SPH and FPM simulations, as well as spheres, ellipsoids, objects defined by a collection of spheres or polyhedral objects for DEM simulations. Algorithmic as well as implementational aspects are discussed. Techniques to obtain maximum packing, such as closest object placement (during generation) and move/enlarge (after generation) are also considered. Several examples are included that demonstrate the capabilities developed.

Analysis of some partitioned algorithms for fluid-structure interaction

María Jesús Samper — Fri, 04 Jan 2019 12:10:41 +0100

The field of fluid-structure interaction (FSI) has important
applications ranging from the bio-medical to the civil and
aeronautical engineering fields. Despite the different approaches
developed over recent years the general solution of FSI problems
remains however far from being closed. This paper addresses the
theoretical analysis of a several partitioned solution schemes
for FSI. This is achieved by choosing a simple but
representative model problem which allows to obtain analytical
results. A loose coupling partitioned procedure is presented
first. An iterative version of the same algorithm is presented
next together with an analysis of its convergence properties and a
brief discussion of a possible acceleration strategy. Finally a
new iterative strategy based on solving a modified equation
is described. Some examples of application of the
partitioned algorithms considered are presented including the
aeroelastic analysis of a bridge.

On the analysis of heterogeneous fluids with jumps in the viscosity using a discontinuous pressure field

María Jesús Samper — Fri, 21 Dec 2018 11:21:23 +0100

Heterogeneous incompressible fluid flows with jumps in the viscous properties are solved with the particle finite element method using continuous and discontinuous pressure fields. We show the importance of using discontinuous pressure fields to avoid errors in the incompressibility condition near the interface.

A monolithic Lagrangian approach for fluid–structure interaction problems

María Jesús Samper — Fri, 21 Dec 2018 10:45:59 +0100

Current work presents a monolithic method for the solution of fluid–structure interaction problems involving flexible structures and free-surface flows. The technique presented is based upon the utilization of a Lagrangian description for both the fluid and the structure. A linear displacement–pressure interpolation pair is used for the fluid whereas the structure utilizes a standard displacement-based formulation. A slight fluid compressibility is assumed that allows to relate the mechanical pressure to the local volume variation. The method described features a global pressure condensation which in turn enables the definition of a purely displacement-based linear system of equations. A matrix-free technique is used for the solution of such linear system, leading to an efficient implementation. The result is a robust method which allows dealing with FSI problems involving arbitrary variations in the shape of the fluid domain. The method is completely free of spurious added-mass effects.

Melting and Spread of Polymers in Fire with the Particle Finite Element Method

María Jesús Samper — Mon, 17 Dec 2018 13:36:57 +0100

A new computational procedure for analysis of the melting and flame spread of polymers under fire conditions is presented. The method, termed Particle Finite Element Method (PFEM), combines concepts from particle-based techniques with those of the standard finite element method (FEM). The key feature of the PFEM is the use of an updated Lagrangian description to model the motion of nodes (particles) in the thermoplastic material. Nodes are viewed as material points which can freely move and even separate from the main analysis domain representing, for instance, the effect of melting and dripping of polymer particles. A mesh connects the nodes defining the discretized domain where the governing equations are solved as in the standard FEM. An incremental iterative scheme for the solution of the nonlinear transient coupled thermal-flow problem, including loss of mass by gasification, is used. Examples of the possibilities of the PFEM for the modelling and simulation of the melting and flame spread of polymers under different fire conditions are described. Numerical results are compared with experimental data provided by NIST.

Extended rotation-free plate and beam elements with shear deformation effects

María Jesús Samper — Mon, 17 Dec 2018 13:33:14 +0100

The paper describes a methodology for extending rotation-free plate and beam elements in order to accounting for transverse shear deformation effects. The ingredients for the element formulation are: a Hu-Washizu type mixed functional, a linear interpolation for the deflection and the shear angles over standard finite elements and a finite volume approach for computing the bending moments and the curvatures over a patch of elements. As a first application of the general procedure we present an extension of the 3-noded rotation-free basic plate triangle (BPT) originally developed for thin plate analysis to accounting for shear deformation effects of relevance for thick plates and composite laminated plates. The nodal deflection degrees of freedom (DOFs) of the original BPT element are enhanced with the two shear deformation angles. This allows to computing the bending and shear deformation energies leading to a simple triangular plate element with 3 DOFs per node (termed BPT+ element). For the thin plate case the shear angles vanish and the element reproduces the good behaviour of the original thin BPT element. As a consequence the element is applicable to thick and thin plate situations without exhibiting shear locking effects. The numerical solution for the thick case can be found iteratively starting from the deflection values for the Kirchhoff theory using the original thin BPT element. A 2-noded rotation-free beam element termed CCB+ applicable to slender and thick beams is derived as a particular case of the plate formulation. The examples presented show the robustness and accuracy of the BPT+ and the CCB+ elements for thick and thin plate and beam problems.

New rotation-free finite element shell triangle accurately using geometrical data

María Jesús Samper — Tue, 11 Dec 2018 10:23:01 +0100

A new triangle shell element is presented. The advantages of this element are threefold: simplicity, generality and geometrical accuracy. The formulation is free from rotation degrees of freedom. The triangle here presented can be used regardless of the mesh topology, thus generality is conserved for any meshrepresented surface. From an original first order approach we evolve to a third order geometric description. The higher degree geometric description is based on the Bézier triangles concept, a very well known geometry in the domain of CAGD [G. Farin, Curves and Surfaces for CAGD. A Practical Guide, fifth ed., Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, San Francisco, CA, 2002]. Using this concept we show the path to reconstruct a general third order interpolating surface using only the three coordinates at each node. This work takes as starting point the nodal implementation of a basic triangle shell element [E. Oñate, F. Zárate, Rotation-free triangular plate and shell elements, Int. J. Numer. Methods Engrg. 47 (2000) 557– 603]. In order to use an exact formula for the curvature, the normal directions at each node and the way to characterize them are proposed. Then, the geometrical properties and the mechanical behavior of the surface created are introduced. Finally, different examples are presented to depict the versatility and accuracy of the element.

A high-resolution Petrov-Galerkin method for the 1D convection-diffusion-reaction problem

María Jesús Samper — Mon, 10 Dec 2018 12:08:45 +0100

We present the design of a high-resolution Petrov–Galerkin (HRPG) method using linear finite elements
for the problem defined by the residual

R (phi):= partial phi /partial t + u partial phi /partial x - k partial^2 phi /partial x^2 +s phi -f

where k; s > o = 0. The structure of the method in 1D is identical to the consistent approximate upwind Petrov–
Galerkin (CAU/PG) method [A.C. Galeão, E.G. Dutra do Carmo, A consistent approximate upwind Petrov–
Galerkin method for the convection-dominated problems, Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg. 68
(1988) 83–95] except for the definitions of the stabilization parameters. Such a structure may also be attained
via the finite-calculus (FIC) procedure [E. Oñate, Derivation of stabilized equations for numerical
solution of advective–diffusive transport and fluid flow problems, Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg.
151 (1998) 233–265; E. Oñate, J. Miquel, G. Hauke, Stabilized formulation for the advection–diffusion–
absorption equation using finite-calculus and linear finite elements, Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg.
195 (2006) 3926–3946] by an appropriate definition of the characteristic length. The prefix ‘high-resolution’
is used here in the sense popularized by Harten, i.e. second order accuracy for smooth/regular regimes
and good shock-capturing in nonregular regimes. The design procedure embarks on the problem
of circumventing the Gibbs phenomenon observed in L2-projections. Next we study the conditions on
the stabilization parameters to circumvent the global oscillations due to the convective term. A conjuncture
of the two results is made to deal with the problem at hand that is usually plagued by Gibbs, global
and dispersive oscillations in the numerical solution. It is shown that the method indeed reproduces stabilized
high-resolution numerical solutions for a wide range of values of u; k; s and f . Finally, some remarks
are made on the extension of the HRPG method to multidimensions.

Advances in the simulation of multi-fluid flows with the Particle Finite Element Method. Application to bubble dynamics

María Jesús Samper — Wed, 28 Feb 2018 15:12:17 +0100

In this work we extend the Particle Finite Element Method (PFEM) to multi-fluid flow problems with the aim of exploiting the fact that Lagrangian methods are specially well suited for tracking interfaces. We develop a numerical scheme able to deal with large jumps in the physical properties, included surface tension, and able to accurately represent all types of discontinuities in the flow variables. The scheme is based on decoupling the velocity and pressure variables through a pressure segregation method which takes into account the interface conditions. The interface is defined to be aligned with the moving mesh, so that it remains sharp along time, and pressure degrees of freedom are duplicated at the interface nodes to represent the discontinuity of this variable due to surface tension and variable viscosity. Furthermore, the mesh is refined in the vicinity of the interface to improve the accuracy and the efficiency of the computations. We apply the resulting scheme to the benchmark problem of a two-dimensional bubble rising in a liquid column presented in [[#cite-1|[1]]], and propose two breakup and coalescence problems to assess the ability of a multi-fluid code to model topology changes.

Modeling of ground excavation with the particle finite element method

María Jesús Samper — Fri, 20 Oct 2017 13:27:58 +0200

The present work introduces a new application of the Particle Finite Element Method (PFEM) for the modeling of excavation problems. Lagrangian descriptions of motion of the continuum medium are the natural way of describing motion in solid mechanics. Particle finite element methods are based in these solid mechanics settings that can treat large material deformations and rapidly changing boundaries.

These capabilities are very suitable for modeling fluid motions and moving free surfaces. That is the reason that the most of the research and applications of PFEM can be found in the context of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) instead of solid mechanics.

The satisfying results in modeling fluids have been the motivation to use this method in dynamic solid mechanics.
The simulation of an excavation process is a non-linear dynamic problem. It contains geometrical, material and contact non-linearities. Modeling the contact process can be classiffied as the main difficulty. The simulation face the problems of: the detection of a changing geometry, the detection of contact between several solid domains, the estimation of correct interacting forces, the computation of the wear related to this contact forces and the removing of the material that has been excavated from the model.

The PFEM have its fundamentals in the classical non linear finite element analysis. The formulation provides a foundation in the updated lagrangian formulation for solids.

The dynamic problem is integrated using an implicit scheme. Remeshing strategies are employed in order to identify the boundary surfaces. A remeshing of the domain is introduced for the detection of rapidly changing boundaries. The Delaunay tessellation and the alpha-shape concept together, are used as a methodology to de_ne the boundary from a cloud of points. At the same time an interface mesh is created for contact recognition. A particular constitutive contact law has been developed for capturing contact normal and frictional forces using this mesh. By means of an Archard-type law, the excavation and damage caused in the ground is quantified. The erosion and wear parameters of the grounds under study determine the excavability. The behavior of the geomaterials is described using a Damage Model which model fracture in the continuum. The update and storage of the variables in particles have especial schemes for its correct treatment. The method and the meshing process is adapted for the simulation of an excavation problem.
PFEM is presented as a very suitable tool for the treatment of excavation problem.
The method gives solution for the analysis of all processes that derive from it. The method has a high versatility and a reasonable computational cost. The obtained results are really promising.

Multi-scale techniques for mansonry structures

María Jesús Samper — Fri, 20 Oct 2017 12:49:58 +0200

The aim of this work is, hence, to adopt the computational homogenization techniques to obtain the
global response of masonry structures.
Since the experimental global response curves, obtained in typical shear tests on masonry panels, show
stiffness and resistance degradation, damage is the fundamental ingredients which must be taken into
account in such problems.
Moreover, as it is well known, due to the aforementioned softening behavior, regularization techniques
are required in order to avoid spurious mesh dependencies when a numerical solution is sought in the
framework of finite element method.
The first step of this work is the adoption of the standard first order computational homogenization,
where Cauchy continuum is used both at the macro and micro-level. This approach is well known in
literature and several authors applied it to different engineering problems. An example of the adoption of regularization techniques in the context of multi-scale approaches is found in Massart (2003).
Hence a regularization based on the imposition of the macroscopical length scale at the micro-level, in
the framework of the fracture energy regularization, is proposed.
However, as previously stated, many authors have pointed out the inner limits of first order computational homogenization. Such a formulation, in fact, may be adopted only if
1)the microstructure is very small with respect to the characteristic size at the macro-scale;
2)the absolute size of the constituents does not affect the mechanical properties of the homogenized
medium and in presence of low macroscopic gradients of stresses and strains.
As a consequence no localization phenomena typically exhibited by masonry can be analyzed.
For masonry structures, instead, microstructural typical sizes are comparable with the macro-structural
sizes; shape, size and arrangement of the constituents strongly affect the mechanical global response and
high deformation gradients typically appear.
An enriched formulation is then proposed in order to overcome these problems, based on the adoption
of a Cosserat medium at the macro-level and a Cauchy medium at the micro-level. The theoretical and
computational schemes remain the same as before but for the fact that the two media present different
variables. In particular in the Cosserat medium additional strain and stress variables appear, with respect
to the Cauchy continuum, as a consequence of the independent rotational degree of freedom assigned to
every material point. Thus, a more sophisticated kinematic map, containing higher order polynomial
expansions, is needed to state proper bridging conditions between the two levels.
The innovative contribution of this work concerns the adoption of an enhanced multi-scale computational homogenization technique for studying the masonry response, together with the employment of
damage models for the constituents description.
Thus, by exploiting the inner regularization properties of the Cosserat continuum at the macro-level and
by adopting a classical fracture energy regularization at the micro-level, localization phenomena, typically exhibited by masonry structures, are analyzed. Since this material shows a typical strain softening
behavior, an ad hoc regularization technique has been developed at both levels in order to obtain objective numerical responses. To the knowledge of the author, no previous examples of Cosserat-Cauchy
computational homogenization techniques, taking into account localization effects, have been presented.
A possible objection to the use of a fully-coupled multi-scale technique could be related to the high computational efforts required, but here the use of parallel computing brings them down. In this context,
these procedures strike a good balance between the achievement of detailed information at the scale of
the constituents and the requirement of holding the computational costs down.

An introduction to soil dynamics, por Arnold Verruijt

Scipedia content — Wed, 28 Jun 2017 13:02:45 +0200

Revision: An introduction to soil dynamics, por Arnold Verruijt

Análise dinâmica de uma torre estaiada submetida à tormenta EPS

Scipedia content — Wed, 28 Jun 2017 11:21:32 +0200

No presente trabalho faz-se uma análise dinâmica de uma torre treliçada estaiada submetida à tormenta EPS através de um registro de vento obtido a partir de sua componente média registrada experimentalmente in loco e da simulação numérica do espectro de sua componente flutuante. A torre estudada está localizada na Universidade de Passo Fundo, na cidade de Passo Fundo, RS, Brasil. Esta torre se encontra instrumentada, registrando velocidades de vento de forma contínua, sendo possível determinar, nos registros existentes, ventos característicos de tormentas TS e EPS. Conta-se também com a caracterização dinâmica desta torre para a qual foram determinadas suas freqüências naturais de vibração. Para determinar um histórico de vento foi usado um registro anemométrico proveniente de uma tormenta do tipo EPS. A taxa de aquisição utilizada foi baixa, razão pela qual as flutuações do registro experimental foram perdidas. Utilizando expressões teóricas foi possível regenerar a componente flutuante a qual foi somada ao registro anemométrico. A metodologia empregada para realizar esta implementação é um aspecto original do presente trabalho.

Estudio de la estructura del subsuelo y de los efectos de sitio en Chilpancingo Guerrero, México

Scipedia content — Wed, 28 Jun 2017 11:21:26 +0200

Se estimó la estructura estratigráfica de los depósitos sedimentarios profundos en el valle de Chilpancingo Guerrero, México, y la variación de la velocidad de las ondas de cortante con la profundidad. Se realizaron mediciones simultáneas de microtremores a partir de arreglos de sismómetros en dos sitios del valle. Para determinar las curvas de dispersión de la velocidad de fase de las ondas superficiales se utilizó el método de autocorrelación espacial, SPAC, en un rango de frecuencias de 0.37 a 8.0 Hz. Los efectos de sitio se estimaron al usar la técnica del cociente espectral suelo sedimentario/roca, y la técnica del cociente espectral H/V. Cuando se comparan las funciones de transferencia de los modelos estratigráficos, que se extienden hasta 355 m de profundidad, con las observadas de acelerogramas de sismos, se muestra la eficacia del método SPAC usado en este trabajo para estimar el perfil del subsuelo. Se encuentra que la amplificación más importante en el valle se concentra en un intervalo de 2 a 3 s. Los resultados sugieren un fuerte efecto 2D de las irregularidades de la geología profunda.

Modelo aproximado para el análisis sísmico del Puente Norte 1 en Ecuador construido con aisladores FPS

Scipedia content — Wed, 28 Jun 2017 11:21:23 +0200

El uso de aisladores de base tipo péndulo de fricción, FPS ("Frictional Pendulum System") en puentes es una muy buena alternativa en países de alta peligrosidad sísmica ya que el peso de la superestructura se opone al movimiento de la subestructura como consecuencia de un sismo. En este artículo se detallan aspectos constructivos de uno de los puentes ubicados en el estuario del río Esmeraldas, en el Ecuador, con aisladores de base FPS ubicados sobre los estribos exteriores tipo cajón y pila central circular. Se realiza el análisis sísmico en sentido longitudinal empleando elementos finitos lineales con masa uniforme distribuida para los pilotes y elementos finitos rectangulares para los apoyos del puente. Los FPS han sido modelados como resortes cuya rigidez es función de la carga que sobre ellos gravita y del radio de curvatura. Se ha considerado un modelo elasto-plástico para la curva carga-deformación del suelo. Por otra parte, se generó un sismo artificial compatible con el espectro del Código Ecuatoriano de la Construcción, para un período de retorno de 475 años, para el sitio del proyecto. Las respuestas en el tiempo que se presentan ayudan a entender el comportamiento sísmico del puente con aisladores FPS.

Relaciones entre límites de daño, parámetros estructurales y magnitudes sísmicas para evaluar pórticos de hormigón reforzado

Scipedia content — Wed, 28 Jun 2017 11:21:19 +0200

El presente trabajo propone una metodología sencilla para evaluar pórticos de hormigón reforzado para diferentes límites de daño en función de las deformaciones del material (acero de refuerzo y hormigón), desplazamientos entrepisos, y magnitud del terremoto. Se utilizó el método conocido como diseño directo basado en desplazamientos (DDBD) en conjunto con ecuaciones de desplazamientos espectrales y aceleraciones del código de diseño IBC-06 y ecuaciones existentes de magnitud sísmica de momento para desarrollar la metodología de evaluación propuesta. Mediante relaciones entre deformaciones del material, desplazamientos y magnitud sísmica se determinó qué límites de daño pueden ser desarrollados en una zona sísmica especificada y qué alturas de pórticos pueden ser más críticas.

Daño por efectos de oxidación en gasoductos

Scipedia content — Wed, 28 Jun 2017 11:21:15 +0200

La seguridad en los sistemas de transporte y distribución de gas es uno de los principales aspectos que debe considerarse en el diseño de dichas instalaciones. Este hecho es abordado por las regulaciones internacionales con el objeto de minimizar los eventos negativos para la población. En la primera parte de este trabajo se describen las distintas características constructivas de las cañerías de gas y los defectos típicos que pueden contener. Como caso de estudio se tratan aspectos relacionados con la seguridad que presenta en la actualidad uno de los gasoductos que proveen gas natural a la ciudad de Córdoba (Argentina), que ha estado operando por más de 40 años y muestra algunos signos de corrosión. Para determinar las características del gasoducto se tomaron muestras de la cañería constitutiva y se realizaron ensayos mecánicos. El estado tensional asociado a los defectos de tipo "volumétrico" se estudia con un modelo basado en la "tensión de flujo" del material. Este modelo permite calcular, dependiendo de las dimensiones de la cañería y el largo del defecto, la presión de transición que separa los defectos que causan fallas por rotura de aquellos que provocan fuga de gas. A partir de la presión de falla de la cañería para defectos pasantes y no pasantes se definen las condiciones de seguridad del sistema según el tamaño de los defectos y la presión operativa. En la parte final se calcula el tamaño de los defectos que son tolerables en función del coeficiente de seguridad adoptado, se determina el tamaño de los defectos que son críticos y se aborda el problema del acondicionamiento de las presiones para determinar de una manera rápida la presión reducida a la que debe operarse el gasoducto ante la detección de un defecto "no tolerable" y hasta que el mismo sea reparado.

Comportamiento sísmico de columnas de hormigón armado expuestas a temperaturas por debajo del punto de congelación

Scipedia content — Wed, 28 Jun 2017 11:21:12 +0200

Este artículo recopila los principales resultados de una serie de pruebas experimentales en las cuales columnas circulares de hormigón armado fueron sujetas a incrementos cíclicos de carga lateral y carga axial constante. Durante las pruebas, las columnas fueron expuestas a temperaturas ambiente y a temperaturas por debajo del punto de congelación. Con el objetivo de caracterizar cada aspecto de la respuesta sísmica a temperaturas muy bajas, algunas de las columnas fueron diseñadas para fallar por cortante y otras para fallar por flexión, estas últimas incluyendo columnas convencionales de hormigón armado y tubos de acero rellenos de hormigón armado. Se encontró que las columnas probadas a temperaturas bajas experimentan un incremento en rigidez y en la capacidad a cortante y a flexión. En el caso de las columnas dominadas por flexión, el aumento en capacidad esta acoplado con una reducción en la capacidad de desplazamiento.

Método de análisis para vigas pre-flexionadas basado en estándares de Norte América

Scipedia content — Wed, 28 Jun 2017 11:21:08 +0200

Este artículo presenta una descripción del análisis de vigas pre-flexionadas con aplicación a superestructuras de puentes. El sistema consiste de vigas compuestas de acero y hormigón armado que son sometidas a pre-esfuerzos producidos por momentos flectores inducidos durante la etapa inicial de su construcción. El método de análisis está basado en la filosofía de esfuerzos admisibles en los materiales que conforman la viga. Se adoptaron los límites establecidos por las normas de la "American Association of State and Highway Transportation Officials" (AASHTO) para sistemas convencionales de concreto pre-esforzado y de acero. Además, este artículo presenta formulaciones para estimar la capacidad nominal a flexión del sistema, considerando criterios de plasticidad en los materiales (AASHTO-LRFD).

Una mirada a los diez años de publicación de la revista

Scipedia content — Wed, 28 Jun 2017 11:21:04 +0200

Editorial: Una mirada a los diez años de publicación de la revista

Un método simplificado de newton para calcular la raíz cuadrada de una matriz real simétrica definida positiva

Scipedia content — Wed, 14 Jun 2017 09:48:46 +0200

One of the numerically stable methods to calculate he Squire root of a matrix is the Newton’s Method, but it has the disadvantage that in each iteration it is necessary to solve a Sylvester’s matrix equation for full matrix, which is computationally expensive. Modifications to the method have been made, resulting a pair of simplified iterations, but it has been proved, through the perturbations theory, that these are numerically unstable. In this article, a simplified alternative iteration of Newton’s Method for the calculation of the square root of a positive definite real matrix is presented, which is attractive for being convergent, computationally economic and, for practical purposes, numerically stable.

Técnica de visualización científica para datos escalares discretos

Scipedia content — Wed, 14 Jun 2017 09:48:43 +0200

The scientific visualization of continuous scalar data is currently widely used. New formulations based on particles or point clouds, like the Discrete Element Method, Mesh Free Methods and some more traditional methods such as the Finite Elements Method of Points, Finite Volume Method, among others, has allowed a better analysis of material structures and their behaviour, specifically in the area of engineering. This paper describes a new scientific visualization technique related to the representation of scalar discrete data that can be considered a modification to the way discrete data are visualized now days, known as tiny polygons. It is pretended that this technique be extended to any other method, rather than the mentioned above, capable of generate discrete scalar data or combination of them with continuous data. In the implementation of the scientific visualization technique presented in this paper cuaternions are used, with the aim of forming the figures that eventually will be displayed and one of the approaches to the nearest neighbour problem is used too, with the purpose of improving the computational complexity. Furthermore it is discussed the impact of this technique to obtain information from the final image.

Cálculo directo de la carga crítica de pandeo de pórticos. Parte II

Scipedia content — Wed, 14 Jun 2017 09:48:39 +0200

In a previous article, we presented a mathematical tool for the systematic calculation of the critical buckling load and the buckling mode of any frame, under some simplificative hypothesis. The present work extends this formulation to provide greater generality, considering the possibility of analyzing variable section beams under any kind of loads (including any distributed load and linear variation of the temperature in the edge of the profile). With this purpose, we consider the equilibrium equations of each beam in its deformed configuration, under the hypothesis of infinitesimal strains and displacements, so called First-Order Theory, resulting in a system of di®erential equations with variable coefficients for each element. To obtain the nonlinear response of the frame, it is necessary to impose in each beam end the compatibility of displacements and the equilibrium of forces and moments, also in the deformed configuration. The solution is obtained by requiring that the total variation of potential energy is zero at the instant of buckling. The objective of this work is to develop a systematic method to determine the critical buckling load and the buckling mode of any frame, without using the common simplifications usually assumed in matrix analysis or finite element approaches. This allows us to obtain precise results regardless of the discretization done.

Dimensionamento de plataformas offshore de concreto utilizando a teoria de cascas de tres camadas

Scipedia content — Wed, 14 Jun 2017 09:48:36 +0200

The concrete ffshore platforms, which are subjected a several loading combinations and, thus, requires an analysis more generic possible, can be designed using the concepts adopted to shell elements, but the resistance must be verify in particular cross- sections to shear forces. This work about design of shell elements will be make using the three-layer shell theory. The elements are subject to combined loading of membrane and plate, totalizing eight components of internal forces, which are three membrane forces, three moments (two out-of-plane bending moments and one in-plane,or torsion, moment) and two shear forces. The design method adopted, utilizing the iterative process proposed by Lourenço & Figueiras (1993) obtained from equations of equilibrium developed by Gupta (1896), will be compared to results of experimentally tested shell elements found in the literature using the program DIANA.

Análisis estructural de muros de mampostería asistido mediante fotografía digital para la generación de la malla

Scipedia content — Wed, 14 Jun 2017 09:48:31 +0200

This paper presents a proposed methodology developed to obtain the geometry of masonry walls. The methodology is based on the automatic recognition of boundaries. The geometry is used to proceed to the numerical simulation of damages based on a simple model, which allows determinate the cracking process due the tensile stresses in joints. Masonry units are considered as lineal and elastic elements, and the non-elastic processes are considered to exist only in the joints. Two examples are included showing two different walls: a regular mansonry wall built with bricks, and an irregular masonry wall with limestone stones as masonry units.

Análisis numérico de estructuras de hormigón reforzadas con FRP por medio de la teoría de mezclas serie/paralelo

Scipedia content — Wed, 14 Jun 2017 09:48:27 +0200

The numerical simulation of composite materials is a field under continuous development. Its application to structural design has shown important improvements, leading to a better simulation of strengthened structures. This paper uses the serial/parallel mixing theory to predict the mechanical behavior of composites. This theory uses the constitutive equations of the component materials to obtain the composite performance. The advantages provided by this formulation to simulate concrete structures reinforced or retrofitted with Fiber Reinforced Polymers (FRP) will be shown from the analysis of several finite element models, consisting of a set of concrete frames with different strengthening configurations. The results obtained will show that the use of this theory to simulate FRP reinforced structures improves their analysis and design.

XFEM+: Una modificación de XFEM para mejorar la precisión de los flujos locales en problemas de difusión con conductividades muy distintas

Scipedia content — Wed, 14 Jun 2017 09:48:23 +0200

When applied to diffusion problems in a multiphase setup, the popular XFEM strategy suffers of an inaccurate representation of the local fluxes in the vicinity of the interphase. The XFEM enrichment improves the global quality of the solution but it is not enforcing any local feature to the fluxes. Thus, the resulting numerical fluxes in the vicinity of the interphase are not realistic. This paper introduces an additional restriction to the XFEM formulation aiming at properly reproducing the features of the local fluxes in the transition zone. This approach is denoted as XFEM+ and requires adding linear constrains to the XFEM algebraic system. The XFEM+ strategy is applied to several examples and the solutions obtained show a spectacular improvement with respect to the standard XFEM.

Simulación por elementos finitos de la biomecánica del corazón fetal

Scipedia content — Wed, 14 Jun 2017 09:48:20 +0200

The purpose of this research is to study the fetal heart biomechanics during cardiac cycle. A 3D FEM of the human fetal heart (FH) is built by using the geometry and the ¯ber orientation measurements of a post-mortem FH. An anisotropic hyperelastic constitutive law describing the mechanical properties of the active myocardium is used. Kinematics of the heart and ejection fraction predicted by the model are compared with experimental observations. Our model can quantify the transmural distribution of strains and stresses during the cardiac cycle. Several authors supported the idea that fetal growth depends on the mean wall stress averaged through the space and during the cardiac cycle. For this reason, the results obtained in this work can be relevant in order to better understand the human FH growth process.

Una formulación numérica de volúmenes finitos de alto orden basada en el método de mínimos cuadrados móviles para flujo compresible

Scipedia content — Wed, 14 Jun 2017 09:48:15 +0200

In this work we show a numerical methodology for the resolution of compressible ows in both,structured and unstructured grids. The Moving Least Squares method (MLS) is used for the computation of the gradients and successive derivatives in a higherorder nite volume framework. Using the multiresolution properties of the MLS methodology, we dene a shock-detection methodology. This new methodology allows the extension of slope limiters to nite volume methods with order higher than two. We present some numerical examples that show the accuracy and robustness of the numerical method.

Experimentos numéricos sobre ecuaciones de reacción convección difusión con divergencia nula del campo de velocidad

Scipedia content — Wed, 14 Jun 2017 09:48:06 +0200

This article studies the effect of the inclusion of the transport term in the reaction-diffusion equations, through toroidal velocity fields. The formation of Turing patterns in diffusion-advection-reaction problems is studied specifically, considering the Schnacken- berg reaction kinetics and glycolysis models. Four cases are analyzed and solved numerically using finite elements. Is found that, for the glycolysis models, the advective effect totally modifies the form of the obtained Turing patterns with diffusion-reaction; whereas for the problems of Schnackenberg, the original patterns distort themselves slightly, making them to rotate in the direction of the velocity field. Also this work was able to determine, that for high values of velocity, the advective effect surpasses the difusive one and the instability by diffusion is eliminated. On the other hand for very low values in the velocity field, the advective effect is not considerable and there is no modification in the original Turing pattern.

Interpolación con funciones de base radial y el método del sistema diferencial para identificación de parámetros en acuíferos

Scipedia content — Wed, 14 Jun 2017 09:48:02 +0200

Aquifer characterization is an important problem in Geohidrology. The problem consits in estimating phenomenological parameters given piezometric data. In general eld data is obtained in observation wells, which are few and scattered in the aquifer. In this work we propose a solution to the problem of parameter estimation in two parts. First we use an interpolation technique by means of radial basis functions to generate suffcient piezometric data, then we apply the Differential System method for parameter estimation. To illustrate the method, we show a characterization of the Silao-Romita aquifer located in Guanajuato Mexico.

Análisis aeroelástico de chimeneas de acero utilizando elementos no-lineales de lámina sin rotación

Scipedia content — Wed, 14 Jun 2017 09:47:58 +0200

As alternative to methods presented in several codes around the world to analyze chimneys, an analysis procedure based in the finite element method is presented. To achieve a reliable analysis, a stabilized incompressible fluid with an ALE scheme is used to simulate wind action. Geometrically nonlinear BST rotation-free shell elements are used to model a steel chimney and both schemes are coupled to simulate the fluid-structure interaction of chimneys. Shell elements without rotation degrees improve time solution due to a significant reduction of degrees of freedom in the geometrically nonlinear system. A strong coupling scheme with Aitken relaxation method is used to ensure convergence. Detailed theory for fluid, structure and interaction can be founded in [1]. Differences between code analysis and the proposed procedure are presented for a case of study.

Aproximación del proceso de falla en sólidos con elementos finitos mixtos usando de daño continuos

Scipedia content — Wed, 14 Jun 2017 09:47:54 +0200

This paper presents nonlinear mixed formulations to simulate the material failure process in solids by its finite element approximation. The formulations presented are the corresponding virtual work by the virtual stresses and displacements and the virtual work by displacements and strains. Both formulations presented are derived from the principle of virtual work with four independent variables. The beha- viour of the material is governed by an isotropic continuum damage model equipped with two internal variables at each integration point. In the numerical implementation, the displacement-stress formulation presents numerical problems when the behaviour of the material approaches complete damage, thus only the displacement-strain formulation was implemented. The advantage of the strain-displacement over a typical displacement formulation to simulate the material failure process with damage models as strain concentrations is discussed. To show the validity and illustrate the effectiveness of the displacement-strain formulation, results from some representative numerical examples are presented and discussed within the framework of continuum approximations.

El problema de medir la diversidad en conjuntos no dominados y una propuesta de solución

Scipedia content — Wed, 14 Jun 2017 09:47:50 +0200

Diversity is a very important property for non-dominated sets. The diversity is a measure of how much information is contained in a non-dominated set. Evaluating diversity has been a diffcult issue in multi-objective evolutionary computation. Many diversity performance measures fail in simple cases. In this work, we describe the most common problems in diversity performance measures and we propose a more robust approach. The problem with most performance measures is that they consist on evaluating the standard deviation of the distances between the elements of the non-dominated sets, or a similar calculation. This dependence on a standard deviation produces a high sensibility to small changes in the non-dominated sets. Our approach is based on an hype-volume associated to the non-dominated set. The behavior of this hyper-volume is exactly what we expect from a diversity performance measure. We tested our approach using a benchmark published in bibliography, showing an exceptional performance.

Un algoritmo de estimación de distribución basado en una red bayesiana para optimización topológica de estructuras

Scipedia content — Wed, 14 Jun 2017 09:47:47 +0200

The topological optimization problema is stated as follows: to find the best shape of a mechanical structure subject to certain service conditions. Usually, the topological optimization problem is tackled by starting from an initial structure which is modified by adding parts, generating gaps, modifying dimensions or the shape contour. This work presents a novel proposal on topological optimization which uses an Estimation of Distribution Algorithm (EDA) based on a Bayesian network. The EDA works as follows: propose a set of candidate solutions (population),the candidate solutions are generated according to a probability distribution, the population is evaluated on the objective function and contraints, and finally, the best structures are selected and used to recomputed the search distribution, and so on. The objective function is the structure weight, and the constraints are maximum Von Mises Stress,the node displacement and practical conditions such as connectivity of all the parts of the structure. The results show that the proposal is capable of designing low weight structures which fulfill the service conditions.

Evaluación numérica del proceso de granallado y determinación del campo de esfuerzos residuales por medio del método de respuesta de grieta

Scipedia content — Wed, 14 Jun 2017 09:47:43 +0200

In the open literatura around the world, it has been very well established the benefits that produces the shot peening process. Nevertheless, this process is a task, in some of the cases, of the development of handcrafted and/ or dependent on the experience of the workman. One of the principal virtues of this process, is the strengthening of the surface and increase in the yield stress of the material. This strengthening or increase of the resistance in the material, owes to the induction of a residual stress field of compressive type. The induction of this type of effect is extremely beneficial for the component, since this operation does that the elements submitted to cyclical loads raise its fatigue resistance (crack propagation)on the surface and could have hereby a longer useful life, and in the order hand, the applied loads to these elements could raise considerably. In this article, it is presented a comparison of the obtained residual stress field by shot peening by two methods, by the analytical and the finite element method (FEM), in order to obtain a confinable method for the evaluation of residual stresses, which approaches in major measurement to the registered ones by the experimental procedure. The numerical analysis performed in this work, it was done by 2D simulation, considering quasi-static conditions and not accounting random shot in the shot peening process. Also it is present the results obtained in the effect that the ball size produced. Hereby, in a later analyses, it will be possible to do an evaluation of the best results obtained by means of the FEM, changing certain factors that throw the suitable conditions of the parameters in the experimental tests, reducing cost and time.

Resolución numérica de las ecuaciones de la magnetohidrodinámica en el proceso Czochralski para la obtención de cristales semiconductores

Scipedia content — Wed, 14 Jun 2017 09:47:40 +0200

The objective of this work is to introduce and numerically solve the mathematical model for the bahavior of liquid semiconductors in the Czochralski process to obtain semiconductor crystals under the influence of a magnetic field. Such model is framed within the Magnetohydrodynamics equations. The numerical solution of this mathematical model presents important difficulties due to the involvement of phenomena from Fluid Mechanics, Electromagnetism and Heat Transfer. In order to numerically solve this model a stabilized finite element approximation based on tha algebraic version of a subgrid scale model in used. This approach makes possible to satisfy the free divergence condition over the velocity of the fluid together with the free divergence condition over the magnetic field and also to avoid numerical oscillations. The numerical scheme used in this work is based on the scheme proposed in (1). This numerical scheme is applied to the numerical benchmark proposed by Bückle (2). Such example is the most common numerical benchmark for the Czochralski process. The cases analysed in this work only differ from those proposed by Bückle in the fact that a magnetic field has been added. The use of magnetic fields in the Czochralski process is headed to diminish and suppress the perturbations inthe liquid which can originate defects in the semiconductor cristal.

Solución de ecuaciones diferenciales elípticas en regiones planas irregulares usando mallas convexas generadas por métodos variacionales empleando elementos finitos

Scipedia content — Wed, 14 Jun 2017 09:47:36 +0200

Recently, in order to approximate the solution of a partial differential equation overa n irregular planar domains, several efficient and robust variational methods designed to generate smooth and convex grids on such regions have been proposed (3-9,11-14). For those grids, several schemes have also been designed, and for them it is quite clear how effortless the use of the grid logical rectangular data structure can be (1,2,15). This fact makes these schemes attractive competitors to the finite element methods, which use unstructured grids and, in consequence, non trivial data structures inorder to save the grid information. Nevertheless, one must acknowledge that, since triangulatiolns have been known for a while , finite element methods have been known for a while, finite element methods have been thoroughly studies, and there is a lot of research on how to assemble the systems required to solve a large class of equations. Thus, a question that arises in a natural way is how competitive are FE/FD methods, when applied to the structured convex grids generated for irregular regions-which often have elongated elements-, in order to produce the numerical solution in an easy computational way using structured grids and, at the same time, accurate enough by using finite elements. In this paper we show how to accomplish this goal, and a series of numerical examples at the end provided a good example of the validity of the approach.

Análisis numérico de las funciones corriente circulación y vorticidad, para flujo rotatorio con frontera rígida

Scipedia content — Wed, 14 Jun 2017 09:47:32 +0200

The tangential vorticity function, circulation and meridian stream that form in a closed rotating cylinder are analyzed. The cylinder has a rotating bottom whereas the lateral surface and the top are fixed. The results are presented as graphs that compare the mentioned functions for different aspect ratios. The comparing aspect ratios: 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0. In comparing the 2.0 aspect ratio versus the 1.0 aspect ratio; it is found that the stream function diminished a 29.63%, whereas the circulation does not change and the vorticity decreases 65.91%. On the other hand comparison of the cylinder with aspect ratio 0.5 against the one with aspect ratio 1; gives that the stream function increases 1.4 times; that the circulation increases 3.45 times and the vorticirty increases 0.7 times. The analysis was made for a 3 x 104 Reynolds number. The mentioned results give an indication of the influence of the aspect ratio as to the motion inside the cylinder. Further investigation is required in order to apply the results to particular conditions of mixing or another practical application.

Modelado del daño en sólidos mediante formulaciones variacionales de discontinuidades interiores

Scipedia content — Wed, 14 Jun 2017 09:47:28 +0200

This paper presents different variational formulations for the modeling of damage in solids by the embedded discontinuity formulation. Initially the energy functional, for a continuum medium, if presented from which; the displacement and mixed strain-displacement formulations, of the finite element method, are developed for a solid where the damage is modeled as a discontinuity. To validate the theoretical consistency of the developed formulations, a numerical example is presented. Comments and conclusions, derived from this study, are given at the end of the paper.