Scipedia: Documents published in 2008

Journalistic design, the critic reading key of the press

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:11:52 +0100

The progressive influence of the mass media in the educating of society makes it necessary to be alert and to observe very closely how the communication process is carried out. Moreover, we need to be aware of the imbalances produced in the dialogue between the sender and the receiver which can lead to interference which alters the message transmitted, and which could lead to the manipulation of news. Journalistic design has become an invisible agent of this process of communication that the mass media use to transmit messages more effectively.

Apocalyptics: means and ends

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:11:45 +0100

The author proposes a controversial theory, although the benefits of using the media and the new technologies in education have been taken for granted, in fact they are not unquestionable. This paper analyzes the supposed advantages of these means as well as the reasons usually given to justify the fact that up to now there have been no visible results of efficiency. The author reaches the conclusion that means are mistaken for ends and are considered as a main content of the syllabus instead of just one tool among several others.

Drog@ project: virtual learning communities

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:11:37 +0100

This paper describes the contributions developed by a Spanish-Portuguese Research Project called “Drog@” which tries to promote drugs prevention at University. The project uses virtual teaching-learning tools including Internet to make information and communication easier to students.

Oral-gestural, writing, audio, audiovisual and… digital? The five degrees of communication in education

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:11:29 +0100

This article portrays an overview of the five degrees of comunication in education: oralgestural, writing, audio, audiovisual and digital. It highlights the changes introduced by the on-line scenario in the educational process, reflecting on the character of the student, the teacher and the relationship between them.

Renewal movements in the Spanish television series

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:11:21 +0100

The present paper analyzes the results of a qualitative investigation developed by the Spanish public television on the values and characteristics of the national television fiction genre, as well as other aspects of its latest evolution. The conclusions of this qualitative analysis and the audience ratings confirm the hegemony of the genre within the generalist television programming. In the same sense, the paper analyzes its latest tendencies and what is called the last renewal of domestic television fiction.

Digital literacy: full control of pen drive and mouse

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:11:14 +0100

Digital literacy (DA) is a second literacy which makes us reorganize competences already acquired. It is necessary because of the increasing presence of technology at every social sphere. That is why AD promotes learning in all the new technology languages. A process which has to reach all the strata and social groups to avoid the discrimination of people who were born before the spread of CIT (communication and information technologies) which are now used and who lack the skills for their use and possibilities. Nevertherless, we can´t forget the guiding needs of the new digital generations which use technologies without any criteria and in a little reflexive way because they lack a previous learning process.

Language’s alterations in the digital era

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:11:06 +0100

Language is historically subject to changes. At the present time the principle of alteration postulated one hundred years ago by Ferdinand de Saussure, father of modern linguistics, is easily observed in new mass media such as those generated by computer science (chat, msn, forums, etc.) and the mobile phones (sms). Although this principle guarantees the continuity of languages, it is not taken into account when debating, when voices arise in favour and against the new codes of communication arise.

The newsombudsman as an instrument for media education

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:10:59 +0100

Everybody agrees. Although we lived in the so-called Information Society, traditional systems do not enable people to make a critical consumption of mass media. For that reason, the traditional spaces must be completed by the intervention of other actors. One of them is the newsombudsman. The aim of this article is to describe the singularity of this mechanism and to specify his instruments in his educational task.

The audio-visual regulation: the arguments for and against

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:10:51 +0100

The article analyzes the effectiveness of the audio-visual regulation and assesses the different arguments for and against the existence of the broadcasting authorities at the state level. The debate of the necessity of a Spanish organism of regulation is still active. Most of the European countries have created some competent authorities, like the OFCOM in United Kingdom and the CSA in France. In Spain, the broadcasting regulation is developed by regional organisms, like the Consejo Audiovisual de Navarra, the Consejo Audiovisual de Andalucía and the Consell de l’Audiovisual de Catalunya (CAC), whose case is also studied in this article.

TV channels social responsibility: self-regulation on TV contents during special protected schedule

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:10:44 +0100

National TV channels in Spain signed a self-regulation code to protect rights of children on December 2004. This code developed a special protected schedule for children from 8.00 am to 9.00 am and 17.00 pm to 20.00 pm. This article studies this measure as a social responsibility action to protect children as stakeholders. We also offer the results of an analysis content made in four different periods that measures how often TV channels have ignored the code.

The right to access to the media: methodological reflections

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:10:36 +0100

The objective of the article is to show the possibility that the monitoring of the presence of the social groups in the mass media of public ownership has, because of the lack of development of the Right of Access. A minimum empirical approximation to such presence highlights two aspects. On the one hand, the scarce presence of the social groups and, therefore, of the civil society, in the media. On the other hand, some essential methodological decisions that should be previously taken.

The yellow press

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:10:29 +0100

No more audiences, we all become producers

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:10:19 +0100

We can´t only be consumers, we must be citizens. This essay argues how audiences should become producers of messages that represent a culture of resistance, from its narrative and aesthetics needs, in order to find a place of sense in a world of screens. Hence, new audiences stop being just consumers to get the status of producers of their own screens. This is a contemporary, political, cultural, technological and communicative possibility. Today, we all have to become producers.

The right to screens: from media education to educommunication in Brazil

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:10:12 +0100

Social organizations, local governments and the media in Brazil are confronting themselves over the need for an oversight board to guarantee quality television programming, and establishing a system to determine which television programs are appropriate for which television time slots. Across Brazil, a representative body of children and young adults have determined that the right to receive quality programming is not currently being met. Children of the new generation see themselves as having a right to access new technologies which enable them to produce their own messages according to their own creativity, interests, and social participation. This new generation wants to go beyond education in order to watch and conquer their «right to screens».

Audiences, Intertextuality and new media literacy

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:10:04 +0100

This article explores intertextuality as a technique that can be used to bridge old and new media literacies for teachers and students who hope to move beyond the textbook model of instruction into a world of online resources, flexible pedagogies and innovative designs for learning. These include the uses of online archives, media studies techniques, participatory knowledge creation, and multimedia analysis and production.

The formative relevance of screens

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:09:57 +0100

This article presents the limits of an education for reception, from a notion of training that allows an analysis of the formative character of screens. Television interpellations are analyzed as textual contexts, as well as the recognition and subjective identifications they create. Finally, some clues for a pedagogical intervention centred on the promotion of autonomous ways of reading and writing the world are briefly presented.

Foreign film and television consumption and appropriation by Latin American audiences

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:09:48 +0100

Empirical research on patterns of consumption and appropriation of foreign television and film on Mexican audiences in particular, and Latin American audiences in general, are scarce despite the long tradition of cultural imperialism and supply of foreign content studies. This article discusses the tendency of Latin American culturalists to avoid the study of the ideological readings of foreign audiovisual messages, and reviews the relevance of proposals like «cultural proximity» as a tool for understanding Mexican and Latin American audience’s patterns of television consumption.

Reception studies and cultural identity

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:09:40 +0100

This article develops some aspects about my experience on the reception research focusing on some theoretical, empirical and methodological elements and having cultural identity as context. It considers identity as a constituent and at the same time as an element composed of the relationship between media and audience. It means that identity is taken as a mediation construct according to theories developed in Latin American. Three authors are important for this reflection: Martin-Barbero, Guillermo Orozco e Nestor García Canclini.

Do young audiences learn from media?

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:09:32 +0100

The article revisits the old debate about media influence, focusing on whether children learn from television or not. It argues that TV per se does not guarantee that a child will build knowledge because mediations connected to family members, peers, or school teachers are necessary to activate learning processes. From this perspective the issue of media influence is related to cultural and school capital and to impersonal communication. Attention is drawn to the contribution of the media to the child’s acquisition of cultural capital.

Changes in the relationship between children and television

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:09:23 +0100

This paper presents some changes occurring in Latin America related to the relationship between children and television channels and programs. There are new ways of television consumption by children at home, and new tendencies in the understanding of reception processes in children programming. Television production has had considerable change and this has produced important transformations in children’s representations inside the text. Mediation is required in order to take advantage of this programming.

Screens we see, societies we unknow

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:09:14 +0100

How does technology interact with the way in which we relate with information, communication and knowledge? The integration of these three dimensions conforms the nucleus of the symbolic ecologies. Throughout history, these symbolic ecologies have been constructed and transformed by its relation with technical artifacts and knowhow, understood as a technological vector. The problem should not be posed over screens as interfaces of more complex devices, but upon the specific relationships of information, communication and knowledge framed by those actually devoted to generate it for the use of those who are not able to do it.

Television and narratives: cultural identities in globalization age

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:09:04 +0100

This paper describes a current research integrated in an international and interdisciplinary project and developed in a global environment between two different tendencies: integration and desintegration. In this scenary, television narrative arises as an essential tool to create and consolidate new cultural identities in order to get a popular narrative on the concept of nation.

Books, screens and audiences: what is changing

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:08:54 +0100

How do new screens –like iPhone or mobile phone’s– interact with their technological ancestors, such as television, cinema or video? Recent research activities in many countries reveal that audiovisual circulation and consumption habits let us argue that new media are not substituting the older ones. In fact, audience diversification exists, industries merge and even a new relationship is established with literate culture. We still read but in many different ways, and new connections emerge among readers, spectators and internet users.

The active pleasures of expression and communication

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:08:45 +0100

Based on Lull’s recent book «Culture-on-Demand: Communication in a Crisis World» (2007) and on the author’s view of audiences as active participants in all forms of human communication, this article argues for the place of human expression and symbolic power in contemporary media and cultural studies. It also discusses how modern communication technology reinforces and extends the expressive potential of ordinary citizens in the normative contexts of everyday life. This contribution introduces the concept of cultural open sourcing as fundamental to the increasing democratization of communication processes and distribution of social power ona global scale.

The explosion of narratives and the multiplication of readings

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:08:35 +0100

Multicultural society today is much more than just ethnic diversity. It is important to recognize that heterogeneity is composed by a wide array of factors such as literacy, oralities and audiovisual and digital culture. This article argues that current technocultural transformations in communication can alter the persistent monopolic hierarchies of public expression and thought. These transformations in turn are allowing individuals and communities, especially in Latin America, to introduce everyday oral, sound and visual cultures into new languages and new writings that give substance to contemporary communicational ecosystems.

Audiences and screens in America

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:08:28 +0100

Prolegómenos

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:08:19 +0100

A smeared‐embedded mesh‐corrected damage model for tensile cracking

María Jesús Samper — Thu, 28 Mar 2019 10:41:20 +0100

Traditional smeared orthotropic models display an unacceptable dependence of the solution on the alignment of the mesh, which usually manifests as stress locking. A solution for this drawback is proposed in this paper by adopting the concept of embedded inelastic strains, rather than displacement jumps, and by linking the structure of the inelastic strain to the geometry of the cracked element. The resulting model, applicable to linear 3‐noded triangles, is formulated as a non‐symmetric orthotropic local damage constitutive model, with the softening modulus regularized according to the material fracture energy and the element size. Analytical and numerical results show that this approach is effective in removing the locking problem as well as efficient from the computational point of view.

Reviews Caplletra 44

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 10:00:36 +0100

Reviews Caplletra 44 (Spring, 2008) David Paloma, ressenya de Margarida Bassols, El llenguatge dels polítics. Anàlisi del cas català, Vic, Eumo Editorial, 2007, 224 pp.Pelegrí Sancho Cremades, ressenya de Núria Alturo et alii (ed.), L'argumentació, Barcelona, PPU, 2006, 232.Jerónimo Méndez, ressenya de Juan M. Ribera Llopis, Projecció i recepció hispanes de Cateria Albert i Paradís, Víctor Català, i de la seua obra, L'Escala, Ajuntament de l'Escala / CCG Edicions, 342 pp.Joan Borja i Sanz, ressenya de Laia Climent (ed.), Anàlisi crítica del discurs. Mitjans de comunicació i llengua, Alacant, Institut Interuniversitari de Filologia Valenciana, 2006, 130 pp.Francesc J. Gómez, ressenya de Vicenç Beltran, Poesia, escriptura i societat: els camins de March, Castelló/Barcelona, Fundació Germà Colón Domènech / Publicacions de l'Abadia de Montserrat, 2006, 206 pp.Vicent Pitarch, ressenya de Josep Daniel Climent, Les normes de Castelló. L'interés per la llengua dels valencians al segle XX, València, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua, 2007, 486 pp.Antoni Ferrando, ressenya de Joaquim Martí Mestre, Els col·loquis valencians atribuïts a Carles Leon, València, Denes, 2008, 384 pp.

Reviews Caplletra 45

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 10:00:29 +0100

Reviews Caplletra 45 (Autumn, 2008) Lluís Gimeno Betí, ressenya de Joan Coba Femenia, Els adjectius possessius; teoria i alguns problemes d'ús, Barcelona, Publicacions de l'Abadia de Montserrat («Textos i Estudis de Cultura Catalana», 101), 2005, 237 pp.Joaquim Martí Mestre, ressenya d'Antoni Ferrando & Miquel Nicolás, Història de la llengua catalana, Barcelona, Pòrtic Editorial / UOC, 2005, 540 pp.Àngels Campos, ressenya de Teresa Cabré & Josefa Gómez de Enterría, La enseñanza de los lenguajes de especialidad. La simulación global, Madrid, Gredos, 2006, 164 pp.Joan Castaño, ressenya de Francesc Massip & Lenke Kovács, El baile: conjuro ante la muerte. Presencia de lo macabro en la Danza y la Fiesta Popular, Ciudad Real, CIOFF España, 2004, 210 pp., més il·lustracions.Josep M. Castellà Lidon, M. Josep Cuenca, La connexió i els connectors. Perspectiva oracional i textual, Vic, Eumo, 2006, 222 pp.Maria Bayarri, ressenya de Franceesco Ardolino, Una literatura entre el dogma i l'heretgia. Les influències de Dante en l'obra de Joan Maragall, Barcelona, Editorial Cruïlla / Fundació Joan Maragall Cristianisme i Cultura, 2006, 139 pp.

La dixi de persona en el dicurs acadèmic oral en català

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:24:07 +0100

In this article the results of a quantitative and qualitative research into person deixis are shown and, generally, the ones related to the participative inscription, within the oral academic genre of the master class. In order to do so, this discursive genre has been contrasted with colloquial oral conversation and academic prose. The quantitative results include the distribution of the references to the enunciator and to the enunciatary in the three genres (the individual ones, the collective ones and those that allow the participants to avoid direct reference). From the qualitative point of
view, the main pragmatic functions that make the deictic expressions of person in the master class are described: regarding those of the enunciator, the management of the speech, the reference to the collectives in which the enunciator is included, the
management of the process of knowledge and the textual use of the dexis; and regarding those of the second person, the attraction of the audience’s attention and their introduction to the expounded topic.

Marques d'oralitat en els xats

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:24:00 +0100

The aim of this article is to determine, from the analysis of a real corpus, whether the traits associated with colloquial orality are present in chats. Chats, from the channel’s point of view, belong to the written mood of production, which has traditionally been associated with a high level of formality. However, they present
features which are characteristic of the oral discourse, as Torres and Cuenca (2007) state. We have chosen as corpus of analysis chats which present a low level of formality and which are considered to be representative of the model of language used there. The challenge is focused on revealing how aspects of colloquial orality are present in written texts. The article aims at breaking with some topics associated to chat language: although formal transgression is evident, the level of grammatical respect is similar to colloquial oral discourse.

Del guió a la pantalla: trets de l'oral col·loquial en la ficció televisiva

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:23:54 +0100

This article analyzes some typical elements of spontaneous colloquial oral discourse in a corpus formed by two episodes of own production –one of «Plats Bruts» and one of Jet Lag– and two dubbed episodes –an episode of «Normal, Ohio» and one
of «Coupling». After a brief summary of the characteristics of language in television series, the first part of the study focuses on identifying morphological, syntactic and lexical aspects characteristic of spontaneous colloquial discourse in the broadcasted version of these episodes, following the features identified by Payrató (1996). In the second part, the differences between the written script given to the actors and the broadcasted
version are analysed, and it is assessed if the improvisations have increased the spontaneity of these planned texts. The article concludes with some reflections about the differences and resemblances of the model of language of the own production and
the foreign production.

Gramàtica, interacció i organització informativa en el discurs oral

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:23:48 +0100

This article deals with some grammar aspects of oral language, which includes an extense sense of the concept of grammar itself. The linguistic characteristics of orality are studied in relation to the physical, cognitive and sociopragmatic factors that intervene in speech’s production and reception. The specific grammatical
elements that are presented, in a panoramic vision, are the tonal unit, basic unit of oral speech; the informative progression and the RUT restriction; the grammatical categories and the verbal style; the role of subordination in clausal composition; and, to conclude, the nature and the function of textual connectors in the organization of oral discourse. On the whole, a contribution to the explanation of the mobile, diverse, polyvalent and complex nature of the oral language is attempted.

Oralitat, gramàtica i pragmàtica. Introducció al monogràfic

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:23:41 +0100

Un fals aparegut en el «Tirant lo Blanch»

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:23:30 +0100

In the chapters CCXXXI-CCXXXIIII of Tirant lo Blanc, there are two
comical scenes where Carmesina and Tirant attempt to keep their love a secret. Carmesina justifies a night riot happened in her chamber by saying that a rat went through her face; whereas Tirant pretends to be a ghost when he runs away from the chamber into the orchard. The dependence of these two episodes opposes the nature of several characters, but the scene that best exhibits the knights’ ambivalent morality is the appearance of Tirant –with the spells of Hipòlit and the viscount of Branches. The comparison of this case with chapter XIX of the «Quixote», and with other works of the modern age, allows to determine how the forms and the meanings of a same commonplace evolve. The appearance of «Tirant» has to be linked especially to three
mediaeval traditions: in the first place, the «fabliaux» and the «novelle», like the «Llibre de fra Bernat» or the «Decamerone»; in the second place, the treaties of ghosts, according to the outlines of «De spiritu Guidonis»; in the third place, the motif of the knightly
adventure, in the way of Chrétien de Troyes. This is how Joanot Martorell balances and adapts diverse materials to the situations that the case brings up.

Dos Hesíodes per a una teogonia: mitologia nacional catalana

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:23:24 +0100

This article emphasizes the decisive role played by Antoni de Bofarull and Víctor Balaguer in constructing the ideas and imagery which would feed Catalanist thought as well as their role in creating a Catalan national mythology. The analysis centres on the activities of these two writers from the 1840s to the 1860s, which
fostered a better understanding among Catalans of their own history and which, above all, provided the foundation on which Catalonia could be characterized as an intrinsically democratic country. This said, they also gave importance to Catalan medieval institutions (and to those who defended them when any king tried to devalue them) as well as justifying the rebellious character of the Catalans. This can be seen in revolts against injustice and absolutism such as the war with John II, the Segadors war, and the War of the Spanish Succession, as well as in phenomena such as banditry.

Gestió universitària i estils discursius

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:23:17 +0100

This article presents some of the results from a broader research study of management styles within the Catalan university world. Two management styles are defined (the collegial and the managerial) and a relationship is established between some of the characteristics of these styles, some discursive features and the gender of the managers. Specifically, an analysis is made of the linguistic markers pertaining to the deictic modality in the discourse that constructs the identity of the analysed individuals. The markers of the deictic modality also make it possible to identity certain characteristic traits of men and women.
Methodologically speaking, it could be said that the analysis of the
indicators of a deictic-type discourse, and its linguistic markers, is a highly productive resource when it comes to evaluating the construction of the managers’ selfrepresentation and, therefore, of the way they see themselves in this role.

La voluntat de comunicar com a objecte primordial en l'aprenentatge d'una L2

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:23:10 +0100

Although evidence has shown that psychosocial factors have a decisive influence in second language learning, it has not been highlighted the importance they have regarding educational practice, the design of learning programs or teacher training.
The model known as Willingness to Communicate, developed by MacIntyre et al. (1998) from numerous empirical works, points at the factors that favor authentic use in the learning of a second language and the relationships among them. The goal of
a language course can not be limited to developing communicative competence but has to be aimed at increasing the willingness to communicate actively. Following this theoretical model, one of its authors, Zoltán Dörnyei (2001), has devoted one of his books to the development of practical strategies of motivation in the language classroom. These approaches are specially useful for contexts of linguistic concurrence like ours, especially at a moment in which school multilingualism is promoted.

Una anàlisi comparativa del coneixement de català de l'alumnat castellanoparlant autòcton i l'alumnat hispà en finalitzar l'educació infantil a Catalunya

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:23:03 +0100

In Catalonia, in a short period of time, statistics have raised from the 1% recorded ten years ago to the current 13% of students of foreign’s origin. This change has increased linguistic diversity regarding student’s background. However, more than
a 50% are from Hispanic origin and the majority have Spanish as their mother tongue. In this case, and strictly from a linguistic point of view, the linguistic immersion programs used in Catalonia to teach Catalan to Spanish students maintain their validity. The article compares Catalan learning in two Spanish-speaking populations of 253 and 157 pupils of autochthonous and foreign origin at the end of childhood education. Results indicate that differences between both populations are related to
family factors such as the mother’s educational level, individual ones, time spent in Catalonia, and scholar factors, such as percentage of allophone students in their classroom.

Adaptació escolar, actituds i aprenentatge del català en l'alumnat de les aules d'acollida de Primària i Secundària a Catalunya (2005-2006)

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:22:55 +0100

In the last years a very important amount of immigrant students unaware of Catalan, a language typical of the educational system of Catalonia, have arrived to Catalonia. To face this situation an organizational educative model, known as
newcomers classrooms, was started in 2003. It aims at speeding up the access of immigrant students to Catalan conversational uses in order to facilitate their school integration.
This article presents a study that evaluates the results of newcomers classrooms, using as data the whole number of students that attended them in the course 2005-2006: 10.043 pupils of primary education (of 591 schools) and 6.474 pupils of
secondary education (of 332 secondary schools). For the research two sets of tests were used: one about the knowledge of Catalan and another one about integration and school adaptation.
The results show that newcomers classrooms’ students manage to learn the Catalan language, but also show that there are differences between the several linguistic collectives, due to, among other factors, the attitudes towards the school institution
and their self-esteem, as well as to the particular characteristics of their initial language.
The study demonstrates that all these factors are related. In consequence, the explanation of the differences about the knowledge of Catalan can not be made from isolated factors but from their interaction.

Components i organització d'una unitat amb un tractament integrat de llengua i continguts en una L2

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:22:49 +0100

In an educational system like ours, with four curricular languages in compulsory education, language integrated treatment and its contents (TILC) has to become, undoubtedly, a privileged instrument for multilingual education, because it allows to fulfil two goals at the same time: to acquire contents of different academic disciplines and to simultaneously provide competences in the language or languages with which these contents are developed.
This article describes the concept of integrated language treatment and contents; the main components of this approach are also analyzed from a didactic point of view; and finally all the aspects studied will be used in the structuring of a thematic unit that
includes disciplinary contents of one or more areas conveyed in a L2 and that can be used in Primary and Secondary Education contexts.

Introducció monogràfic

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:22:42 +0100

La literatura perduda de Joan Roís de Corella: les fonts

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:22:36 +0100

The lost literature of an author provides data that, in spite of being partial, are important to better understand his preserved work and the complexity of his literary work. This article offers an approach to the losses experienced by Joan Roís de Corella’s literature down the centuries, in the full meaning of the term. It focuses on the analysis of the sources that supply information to establish a catalogue of these losses, as a starting point for subsequent work concerning the causes and periods of the disappearances.

Marcatge posicional i prominència en el vocalisme àton

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:22:30 +0100

It has long been noticed that more perceptible elements tend to associate to positions that are structurally stronger to the end that several prominent features converge in the same site; and vice versa: elements of low perceptibility prototypically
associate to less prominent positions ("positional markedness"). The main aim of this paper is to present the effects of positional markedness in the a-tonic vowel system of Catalan through the analysis of two cases that have not been studied in depth, i.e. the occurrence of different epenthetic vowels according to the position in which they appear in Alghero and western Catalan, and the presence of different patterns of vowel reduction in western Catalan. We further extend the analysis to cases of deletion in
eastern Catalan as well as to cases of contextual epenthesis and vowel reduction in other languages.

«Aplegar» i «arribar» en el «Curial e Güelfa»: un parell sinonímic?

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:22:23 +0100

In this brief study we will carefully analyze the uses of arribar and aplegar in mediaeval language from Curial e Güelfa. Our goal is to discover when and up to which extent both verbs, arribar and aplegar, share their meaning during the first half of the 15th century, in order to shed light on the current situation of Valencian. At the same time, we will contrast the datum of this anonymous text with former, later and contemporary works from the datum of Corpus Informatitzat del Català Antic (CICA: 2007).

Periodisme i literatura: Aurora Bertrana

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:22:13 +0100

This article relates the activity in the press of the writer Aurora Bertrana with her literature, and it makes evident the interdependence of journalism and literary creation in the first stage of the author’s production. It also analyzes the key role of this interaction in the construction of her image as well as in the consolidation of her intellectual prestige.

Posició i funció dels connectors «a més (a més)», «però» i «doncs» en català escrit i oral

Scipedia content — Thu, 14 Mar 2019 16:32:51 +0100

This article is an approach to the study of the syntactic positions that parentetic connectors take in oral discourse in Catalan –in sentential segments particularly– based on the analysis of three connectors with different meanings: «a més a més» (additive), «però» (contrastive) and «doncs» (consecutive). The methodology used is contrastive: firstly, the positions in which all three linking words stand in a corpus of written language (written press) are studied, and secondly, the results obtained are
compared with datum coming from an oral corpus constituted mainly of monologic texts. The comparison brings to light that conditions of production of oral modality (immediateness, lack of planning, etc) force to resorting to own strategies to guarantee
the connection of the text, like reinforcing a conjunction with a parentetic connector («a més a més»), to promote the conjunctive use of a connector («però») and to assure the connection among subject-rheme («doncs»)

La distribució de les vocals mitjanes tòniques en el català central

Scipedia content — Thu, 14 Mar 2019 16:32:23 +0100

Mid vowels in stressed position are either closed ore open in Central Catalan, depending on a number of factors. In this paper we examine and discuss several of the proposals in the literature (general tendency towards lowering, influence of the immediate right consonantal context, lowering effect by the presence of a high
front vocoid in the following syllable(s), analogical effects stemming from the existence of phonologically similar elements in the lexicon, and metapaphonic effects caused by a following unstressed mid closed vowel. These independent factors cause a certain predominance of mid open vowels in cases of indeterminacy, but a general tendency toward open mid vowels based on a tendency to increase sonority is shown to be unjustified.

La recerca sobre el factor edat en llengües estrangeres no és independentista

Scipedia content — Thu, 14 Mar 2019 16:31:13 +0100

In order to guarantee better results in the acquisition of foreign languages, there is a generalized trend all over the world which states that the learning of a foreign language should be done as early as possible.
This article aims at exploring several questions related to this subject: (1) To discuss the origin of expectations of linguistic policies which imply that “regarding languages, the earlier the better”; (2) the reason for the differences in the results obtained in studies with apprentices in natural contexts and in contexts of foreign language learning; and finally (3) to show the results of the research on the learning of English by Catalan students, in writing in particular, carried out in the Acquisition Research Group of Second Languages(GRAL) at the University of Barcelona.

Arellano, I., «El escenario cósmico. Estudios sobre la comedia de Calderón», Madrid/Frankfurt am Main, Iberoamericana/Vervuert, 2006.

Scipedia content — Thu, 14 Mar 2019 09:57:02 +0100

Pedro Calderón de la Barca, «Los misterios de la misa», ed. J. Enrique Duarte, Kassel, Reichenberger, 2007.

Scipedia content — Thu, 14 Mar 2019 09:56:55 +0100

Patricia A. Marshall, «Anatomía y escenificación. La representación del cuerpo humano en el teatro de Calderón de la Barca», New York, Peter Lang, 2003.

Scipedia content — Thu, 14 Mar 2019 09:56:49 +0100

El proyecto «Manos teatrales»

Scipedia content — Thu, 14 Mar 2019 09:56:42 +0100

Grupo de Investigación Calderón de la Barca (GIC)

Scipedia content — Thu, 14 Mar 2019 09:56:35 +0100

XV Coloquio Anglogermano sobre Calderón 2008

Scipedia content — Thu, 14 Mar 2019 09:56:29 +0100

Calderón en la «Biblioteca Áurea Hispánica»

Scipedia content — Thu, 14 Mar 2019 09:56:22 +0100

The entremés of La franchota as a spectacular text

Scipedia content — Thu, 14 Mar 2019 09:55:59 +0100

The composition of the dramatic texts of the Golden Age aims at their on stage peformance, and so, some of their textual elements direct them towards a particular staging. The play La franchota has, on one hand, characters which, when performed, can be easily identified by the spectators by means of their clothes and typical objects of their job. On the other hand, it has foreigners characters whose manner of speech, besides characterizing them as such, has an important comical and burlesque function. The songs and dances require the musicians’ presence on the show. Another important role is that of the implicit statements and didascalias regarding the represented space and scenic movement, together with the metric changes that mark the different moments and scenes of the dramatic construction.

Cuarta parte

Scipedia content — Thu, 14 Mar 2019 09:55:52 +0100

The article focuses on the analysis of Calderón’s editorial intention when publishing the Cuarta parte of his comedies. The printed edition of these theatrical texts meant a qualitative change in terms of its social repercussion (a greater and different socialization of Calderón’s texts) and the role of the author who now takes on an editor role as well, which is very important regarding a current critical edition. Leaving aside the economical reasons that might have moved Calderón, the 1672 and 1674 editions together with Vera’ of 1688 provide us with the Spanish author’s editorial intention at the time of fixing the texts, even though the numerous errors of the 1672 and 1674 editions and the interventions of Vera Tassis in the one from 1688 cause problems to the modern editor.

On the text of El mayor encanto, amor: a manuscript of 1668

Scipedia content — Thu, 14 Mar 2019 09:55:45 +0100

Focusing on the manuscript El mayor encanto of 1668, it shows some of its curious aspects and problems.This testimony is divided between the Hispanic Society of America (two first days) and the BNE (third day), with the added value that in the last act it has autograph final verses by Calderón.The author reconstructs the days’ division process and thoroughly analyses the variants of the three hands that appear in the manuscript in relation to the princeps, concluding that the two non autograph hands take into account the princeps text, though with various deviations and corrections.

Observations on the reception of Fineza contra fineza of Calderón: representation and reading

Scipedia content — Thu, 14 Mar 2019 09:55:38 +0100

The meaning of Calderón’s Fineza contra fineza, —the reception of which begins in 1671—, varies among those who read it and those who attended its theatrical representation. This work contrasts the different receptions on the basis of two representations at palace, in 1671 and 1717, and an example of the read text of 1672. Actions that are considered important for the dramatic text are only incidental for the narrative plot. Meanwhile, the myth isn’t highlighted in the representation whereas for the written text it is essential. If the representation aims at eulogizing the monarchs, the read work would be a story of courage and love that started by chance.

Calderón in the scene and in the printing: for a critical edition of El príncipe constante

Scipedia content — Thu, 14 Mar 2019 09:55:31 +0100

Due to the banning of printing permissions for comedies and novels, the calderonian works lived various years on stage rather before being able to be printed.With the banning over, the vicissitudes that they went through during this period, that is, different performances that lead to different copies of the text depending on the company that had it, erroneous attributions, etc., harmed the poet’s comedies recovery work and, in some cases, diminished the quality of the final printed text.This is seen in the case of El príncipe constante, which closes the Primera parte de comedias (1636) of Calderón. It is an untidy edition which makes the current editor’s work difficult; he will have to turn to other reliable testimonies to rectify the edition’s mistakes in order to provide the reader with a text that is as close as possible to the poet’s hypotetical will.

Metaphor, escenification and public in Calderón

Scipedia content — Thu, 14 Mar 2019 09:55:25 +0100

Alejandro Higashi studies the mechanisms by which an author like Calderón was able to perform a metaphor on scene and favour a scenic interpretation of the poetic text in order to stimulate in the public the construction of the meaning and a coherent comprehension associated with the historical weavings.To attain it, Calderón takes advantage of the tools of the language, the performance and the textual and scenic resources.

The hand of the copyist: Diego Martínez de Mora interprets to Calderón

Scipedia content — Thu, 14 Mar 2019 09:55:17 +0100

The aim of this article is the consideration of the work of Diego Martínez de Mora, a copyst who is one of the links in the large chain of calderonian texts’copies. Through the careful consideration of the documents copied by Martínez de Mora, it is possible to understand the relationship between him, the theatre companies and Calderón.

The secondary plot of Casa con dos puertas, mala es de guardar

Scipedia content — Thu, 14 Mar 2019 09:55:09 +0100

This article studies the relation between the main and the secondary plot in Calderón’s comedy Casa con dos puertas, mala es de guardar. The critic analyzes the connection between the main story line of Marcela and Lisardo and the second one, the one of Laura and Félix. González García concludes that the secondary plot shows a more complex structure than the main one: more dynamism and ambiguity in the characters’ behaviour and more complexity in the jealousy motif. The author relates this comedy, in which the secondary plot it is not something supplementary but an important part of the dramatic system, with the mannerist aesthetics.

Dramatic structure of Mañana será otro día of Calderón

Scipedia content — Thu, 14 Mar 2019 09:55:02 +0100

A work should have a relation system between the different elements and parts of it in order for the literary text to have a theatrical functioning and that it can be performed on stage. After studying Calderón’s works, González states that the relations’ multiplicity present in this work allows for a complex intrigue, besides that in the capa y espada theme the «enredo», loved by the Siglo de Oro comedy public, can be easily and effectively used. The dramatic structuring of the literary text is essential for the spatial creation, as the theatrical piece is conceived as a text destined to a performance that responds to the scenic conventions of its time.

Calderón in the textual labyrinth: intentio and dispositio in the variants of the tradition

Scipedia content — Thu, 14 Mar 2019 09:54:55 +0100

Due to the circulation process of the Golden Age comedies in general and those of Calderón in particular, the reader encounters different versions of the same text by which he may acquire an erroneous idea of the text. The variations appear between the manuscript and the printed versions, among the different manuscripts themselves or the later printed versions. They are expressed either in the content of the text (intentio) or in its external form (dispositio).The critic’s work, then, must be that of establishing a hierarchy among the different testimonies in order to get to the base text.

The texts of the Segunda parte of Calderón

Scipedia content — Thu, 14 Mar 2019 09:54:48 +0100

The article discusses the validity of the texts that make the Second part of the comedies of Calderón de la Barca on the basis of previous works by the Grupo Calderón de la Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (GIC) that focused on one particular text each. A thorough analysis of texts such as El mayor encanto, amor, El médico de su honra or El mayor monstruo leads to state that, in general, the texts of the Second part should be used as basis texts for the edition of calderonian comedies, even though there is, in fact, a disequilibrium between the number of mistakes the texts of the comedies have.

The silva: a key metrical form in the dramatic works of Calderón

Scipedia content — Thu, 14 Mar 2019 09:54:42 +0100

Calderón combines inherited elements together with original ones, and in his versification he tends to simplification.The author’s analysis focuses on ten works of Calderón written between 1628 and 1652, an auto sacramental and nine comedies (La vida es sueño, El príncipe constante, La dama duende, La cena del rey Baltasar, El médico de su honra, Los cabellos de Absalón, El mágico prodigioso, El alcalde de Zalamea, La cisma de Ingalaterra, El mayor monstruo del mundo y A secreto agravio, secreta venganza) that include the silva. The examples (at the end there’s a summary chart with dates, percentages, etc.) are useful to show the close relation those works bear between dramatic content and the silva metrical form, which is used at important moments of the dramatic conflict, in scenes where the characters go through negative feelings and emotional or physical suffering.

The image of Danae in El mágico prodigioso of Calderón: Terence, Saint Augustine and fray Manuel de Guerra y Ribera

Scipedia content — Thu, 14 Mar 2019 09:54:35 +0100

Analysis of El mágico prodigioso as a comedy of saints of Calderón which portrays the clash between paganism and Christianity, focused especially on the ecfrasis that results from using the image of Danae as a symbol of the erotic and jupiterian lechery. In the text, Calderón reuses Danae motif which had been quoted by classical and modern authors (Terence, Saint Augustine, fray Manuel de Guerra) and recorded into collective memory thanks to the painting Tiziano painted for Felipe II.

Zaragoza’s and Madrid’s versions of La vida es sueño: continuity and break

Scipedia content — Thu, 14 Mar 2019 09:54:29 +0100

This article suggests a comparative study of Zaragoza’s and Madrid’s versions of La vida es sueño, aiming at analyzing the continuity or break in the political and philosophical approaches regarding maquiavelism, tacitism and neoestoicism.The analysis of the variants in the two texts demonstrates how alterations are not due to political and philosophical changes of the times in which they were written so much as to a greater tuning in the drift of the Spanish world towards coherence and universalism.

El árbol del mejor fruto of Calderón and the legend of the tree of the cross. Context and adaptation

Scipedia content — Thu, 14 Mar 2019 09:54:23 +0100

This article analyses the sacramental play El árbol de mejor fruto trying to discover the sources used by Calderón and the structure of the play. The study is organised in three sections. The first one deals with motifs and legends that inspired Calderón to write this play, making an extend reference to authors and sources where the author could have found them. The second part studies the motif of the tree of the Christian cross that is very common in Spanish Golden Age theatre. Arellano examines different works but he especially pays attention to the sacramental plays La humildad coronada de las plantas, La lepra de Constantino, Primero y segundo Isaac, Primer refugio del hombre, La redención de cautivos and El jardín de Falerina. There is also a detailed comparison between El árbol de mejor fruto and the comedia La sibila de oriente. The third section examines the structure of this auto sacramental, attending to the metric form and the argument.

Curriculum Vitae de Kurt y Roswitha Reichenberger

Scipedia content — Thu, 14 Mar 2019 09:54:16 +0100

In memoriam Kurt Reichenberger, calderonista constante, amigo y maestro

Scipedia content — Thu, 14 Mar 2019 09:54:10 +0100

Un Anuario Calderoniano

Scipedia content — Thu, 14 Mar 2019 09:54:03 +0100

A finite point method for adaptive three‐dimensional compressible flow calculations

María Jesús Samper — Wed, 27 Feb 2019 10:47:30 +0100

The finite point method (FPM) is a meshless technique, which is based on both, a weighted least‐squares numerical approximation on local clouds of points and a collocation technique which allows obtaining the discrete system of equations. The research work we present is part of a broader investigation into the capabilities of the FPM to deal with 3D applications concerning real compressible fluid flow problems. In the first part of this work, the upwind‐biased scheme employed for solving the flow equations is described. Secondly, with the aim of exploiting the meshless capabilities, an h‐adaptive methodology for 2D and 3D compressible flow calculations is developed. This adaptive technique applies a solution‐based indicator in order to identify local clouds where new points should be inserted in or existing points could be safely removed from the computational domain. The flow solver and the adaptive procedure have been evaluated and the results are encouraging. Several numerical examples are provided in order to illustrate the good performance of the numerical methods presented.

Parallel Delaunay triangulation for particle finite element methods

María Jesús Samper — Thu, 17 Jan 2019 12:55:10 +0100

Delaunay triangulation is a geometric problem that is relatively difficult to parallelize. Parallel algorithms are usually characterized by considerable interprocessor communication or important serialized parts. In this paper, we propose a method that achieves high speed‐ups, but needs information regarding locally maximum element circumspheres prior to the beginning of the algorithm. Such information is directly available in iterative methods, like the particle finite element methods. The developed parallel Delaunay triangulation method, has minimum communication requirements, is quite simple and achieves high parallel efficiency.

Composite materials non-linear modelling for long fibre-reinforced laminates: Continuum basis, computational aspects and validations

María Jesús Samper — Fri, 11 Jan 2019 10:53:43 +0100

An innovative computational methodology is proposed for modelling the material non-linearmechanical behaviour of FRP structures. To model a single unidirectional composite lamina, a serial–parallel (SP) continuum approach has been developed assuming that components behave as parallel materials in the fibres alignment direction and as serial materials in orthogonal directions. The model is based on the appropriate management of the constitutive models of the component materials, by making use of suitable ‘closure equations’ that characterize the composite micro-mechanics [Rastellini F. Modelización numérica de la no-linealidad constitutiva de laminados compuestos. PhD thesis. ETSECCPB, Politechnical University of Catalonia, Barcelona, March, 2006. [in Spanish]]. Classical lamination theory is combined with the SP model to describe multidirectional laminates. The methodology is validated through several numerical analyses, which are contrasted against benchmark tests and experimental data taken from the world-wide failure exercise [Hinton MJ, Soden PD. Predicting failure in composite laminates: The background to the exercise. Comp Sci Technol 1998; 58:1001–10].

An integration of a low cost adaptive remeshing strategy in the solution of structural shape optimization problems using evolutionary methods

María Jesús Samper — Fri, 11 Jan 2019 10:42:55 +0100

Evolutionary methods are a powerful and robust tool for the solution of structural shape optimization problems. Nevertheless, the use of these methods requires the structural analysis of an important number of different designs, this making the computational cost of the analysis of each design a critical issue. For this reason, each design must be analyzed at a minimum computational cost but ensuring a minimum quality of the results.

It is well known that the cheapest mesh for producing a solution with a fixed quality at minimum cost is an adapted one. Nevertheless, traditional adapted meshes are obtained from adaptive remeshing strategies, where each design has to be analyzed more than once, thereby also causing a high computational cost.

This work presents a new strategy that allows generating an adapted mesh for each design without the necessity of performing a full adaptive remeshing procedure for each of them. It is based on the use of sensitivity analysis of all magnitudes related with adaptive remeshing (location of nodes, error estimation, etc.) with respect to the design variables. This sensitivity analysis is performed only once using a geometry of reference and it is used to project the results of the corresponding analysis to all other designs to be analyzed. The projected information allows generating an appropriate adapted mesh for each new design in one shot, greatly reducing the computational cost compared with standard strategies.

Validation of the particle finite element method (PFEM) for simulation of free surface flows

María Jesús Samper — Mon, 07 Jan 2019 11:43:40 +0100

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the possibilities of the particle finite element method for simulation of free surface flows.

Design/methodology/approach – A numerical simulation of a number of examples for which experimental data are available is performed. The simulations are run using the same scale as the experiment in order to minimize errors due to scale effects. Some examples are chosen from the civil engineering field: a study of the flow over a flip bucket is analyzed for both 2D and 3D models, and the flow under a planar sluice gate is studied in 2D. Other examples, such as a 2D and 3D “dam break” with an obstacle are taken from the smooth particle hydrodynamics literature.

Findings – Different scenarios are simulated by changing the boundary conditions for reproducing flows with the desired characteristics. Different mesh sizes are considered for evaluating their influence on the final solution.

Originality/value – Details of the input data for all the examples studied are given. The aim is to identify benchmark problems for future comparisons between different numerical approaches for free surface flows.

Interaction between an elastic structure and free-surface flows: experimental versus numerical comparisons using the PFEM

María Jesús Samper — Thu, 20 Dec 2018 14:11:07 +0100

The paper aims to introduce new fluid–structure interaction (FSI) tests to compare experimental results with numerical ones. The examples have been chosen for a particular case for which experimental results are not much reported. This is the case of FSI including free surface flows. The possibilities of the Particle Finite Element Method (PFEM) for the simulation of free surface flows is also tested. The simulations are run using the same scale as the experiment in order to minimize errors due to scale effects. Different scenarios are simulated by changing the boundary conditions for reproducing flows with the desired characteristics. Details of the input data for all the examples studied are given. The aim is to identifying benchmark problems for FSI including free surface flows for future comparisons between different numerical approaches.

ODDLS: A new unstructured mesh finite element method for the analysis of free surface flow problems

María Jesús Samper — Mon, 17 Dec 2018 12:38:22 +0100

This paper introduces a new stabilized finite element method based on the finite calculus (Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng. 1998; 151:233–267) and arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian techniques (Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng. 1998; 155:235–249) for the solution to free surface problems. The main innovation of this method is the application of an overlapping domain decomposition concept in the statement of the problem. The aim is to increase the accuracy in the capture of the free surface as well as in the resolution of the governing equations in the interface between the two fluids. Free surface capturing is based on the solution to a level set equation. The Navier–Stokes equations are solved using an iterative monolithic predictor–corrector algorithm (Encyclopedia of Computational Mechanics. Wiley: New York, 2004), where the correction step is based on imposing the divergence‐free condition in the velocity field by means of the solution to a scalar equation for the pressure. Examples of application of the ODDLS formulation (for overlapping domain decomposition level set) to the analysis of different free surface flow problems are presented. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Neural networks for variational problems in engineering

María Jesús Samper — Mon, 17 Dec 2018 12:27:56 +0100

In this work a conceptual theory of neural networks (NNs) from the perspective of functional analysis and variational calculus is presented. Within this formulation, the learning problem for the multilayer perceptron lies in terms of finding a function, which is an extremal for some functional. Therefore, a variational formulation for NNs provides a direct method for the solution of variational problems.

This proposed method is then applied to distinct types of engineering problems. In particular a shape design, an optimal control and an inverse problem are considered. The selected examples can be solved analytically, which enables a fair comparison with the NN results. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Advances in the particle finite element method for the analysis of fluid-multibody interaction and bed erosion in free surface flows

María Jesús Samper — Mon, 08 Oct 2018 13:21:02 +0200

We present some advances in the formulation of the Particle Finite Element Method (PFEM) for solving complex fluid-structure interaction problems with free surface waves. In particular, we present extensions of the PFEM for the analysis of the interaction between a collection of bodies in water allowing for frictional contact conditions at the fluid-solid and solid-solid interfaces via mesh generation. An algorithm to treat bed erosion in free surface flows is also presented. Examples of application of the PFEM to solve a number of fluid-multibody interaction problems involving splashing of waves, large motions of floating and submerged bodies and bed erosion situations are given.

Unified Lagrangian formulation for elastic solids and incompressible fluids. application to fluid-structure interaction problems via the PFEM

María Jesús Samper — Mon, 08 Oct 2018 13:07:14 +0200

We present a general Lagrangian formulation for treating elastic solids and quasi/fully incompressible fluids in a unified form. The formulation allows to treat solid and fluid subdomains in a unified manner in fluid-structure interaction (FSI) situations. In our work the FSI problem is solved via the Particle Finite Element Method (PFEM). The PFEM is an effective technique for modeling complex interactions between floating and submerged bodies and free surface flows, accounting for splashing of waves, large motions of the bodies and frictional contact conditions. Applications of the unified Lagrangian formulation to a number of FSI problems are given.

Protecciones de escollera frente al sobrevertido en presas de materiales sueltos

María Jesús Samper — Fri, 20 Oct 2017 13:46:22 +0200

Este trabajo constituye el inicio de una investigación cuyo objetivo final es definir criterios de
diseño de las protecciones de escollera en forma de repié situadas sobre el talud de aguas abajo de una presa de escollera. La función de estas protecciones es evitar el proceso de deslizamiento en masa que puede producirse cuando el agua vierte sobre la coronación de la presa como consecuencia de la insuficiencia de sus órganos de desagüe. Queda fuera del ámbito de este trabajo el estudio de la erosión que también puede producirse.
El trabajo se enmarca en el proyecto de investigación XPRES, en el que participan CEDEX, CIMNE y la UPM, y cuyo objeto es estudiar la rotura de las presas de escollera por sobrevertido y su protección.
Tras el análisis del estado del arte, se realizaron ensayos en modelo físico de 6 casos diferentes
con distintas secciones tipo de material granular, no cohesivo, diferente para la presa y la
protección. Estos ensayos se han realizado en un recinto de ensayo de 13,7 m (largo) x 2,4 m
(ancho) x 1,4 m(alto); la altura de la presa ha sido de 1 m y el volumen del material utilizado en
cada ensayo ha sido de entre 4,1 m3 y 5 m3. También se realizó la modelación numérica de la
filtración y el cálculo de la estabilidad en masa correspondiente, calibrados mediante los datos
obtenidos mediante modelación física. Como caso de referencia se ensayó la rotura de la presa
sin proteger para, de esa forma, tener criterio de comparación y evaluar el incremento de la
seguridad alcanzado en cada uno de los 6 casos ensayados.
A partir de los ensayos realizados y de la modelación matemática se han obtenido conclusiones respecto a la idoneidad de este tipo de protección para evitar la rotura de presasa de escollera en situación de sobrevertido. Para ello se ha analizado el caudal de sobrevertido soportado comparándolo con el que soportaría la presa sin protección alguna, así como el aumento del coeficiente de seguridad al deslizamiento de la presa protegida y su incremento respecto de la presa sin protección.
Se ha podido comprobar la bondad de los métodos de cálculo habitualmente utilizados en la
práctica ingenieril, haciendo uso de modelos de filtración con ley de resistencia lineal y modelos de deslizamiento en masa por métodos de equilibrio límite (concretamente se ha utilizado el método de Bishop), como medio para analizar la estabilidad de este tipo de solución.
Finalmente, se establecieron las pautas de las nuevas investigaciones a realizar en lo sucesivo
para alcanzar el objetivo final: definir criterios concretos de diseño fáciles de llevar a la práctica.

Evolución a largo plazo de la ingeniería geotécnica

Scipedia content — Wed, 28 Jun 2017 11:14:16 +0200

La Ingeniería Geotécnica es analizada en sus tendencias fundamentales mediante el triángulo geotécnico de Burland (1987) que es expandido a tetraedro mediante las ideas de Vick (2002). La parte esencial es la interacción existente entre los paradigmas de la teoría y de la práctica, con su pasado y presente y una probable evolución futura basada en la opinión de relevantes personalidades de la Ingeniería Geotécnica. Se valora la importancia de la escuela de Terzaghi en el siglo XX y su método observacional y como se extenderá en el futuro. Asimismo, algunas opiniones discrepantes que plantean la necesidad de cambios. Se comentan algunos aspectos institucionales como la relaciones entre las Sociedades Federadas en la FIGS y la importancia de la educación en la formación de los futuros Ingenieros Geotécnicos. Se incluyen aspectos pedagógicos, como las ideas de Kolb y la situación institucional en los países centrales que están en proceso de transformación en la última década.

Modern protective structures

Scipedia content — Wed, 28 Jun 2017 11:13:32 +0200

Revision: Modern protective structures

Análise da ductilidade do concreto confinado de pilares de seção quadrada reforçados por encamisamento através sa absorção energética

Scipedia content — Wed, 28 Jun 2017 11:13:29 +0200

Neste estudo foram analisados os comportamentos dúcteis de pilares de seção quadrada pré-carregados, sob compressão excêntrica acidental, reforçados por encamisamento. A ductilidade do concreto confinado do núcleo encamisado foi avaliada em função da absorção energética deste sob o estado de compressão triaxial atuante devido ao cintamento conferido pelos estribos do reforço executado. Os resultados obtidos para a energia total absorvida pelo concreto confinado foram comparados à absorção energética de pilares retangulares não reforçados, série de controle, e à energia absorvida pelo concreto não confinado do reforço. Através de um fator de ductilidade foi possível avaliar o comportamento medianamente dúctil do concreto.

Actualización de la percepción del riesgo sísmico en el valle longitudinal de las sierras de Córdoba (Argentina)

Scipedia content — Wed, 28 Jun 2017 11:13:26 +0200

El Valle Longitudinal de las Sierras de Córdoba es un importante rasgo geomorfológico que se localiza en el centro de Argentina. En el mismo se encuentran importantes obras de infraestructura como presas y una central nuclear. Aquellas levantadas en los últimos 30 años cuentan con estudios de riesgo sísmico que reflejan el conocimiento que existía en el momento de su construcción. Las condiciones sismotectónicas no han cambiado, pero sí existen nuevas interpretaciones y mejor conocimiento del problema sísmico. Se conoce mejor la historia tectónica del centro del país y se han podido determinar nuevas fuentes neotectónicas. Existen mejores mediciones de las solicitaciones sísmicas a nivel mundial, nuevas leyes de atenuación y se han realizado mediciones instrumentales en algunos de los sitios donde están implantadas obras de importancia. El trabajo analiza el riesgo sísmico de algunas obras significativas y compara retrospectivamente algunos de los criterios que se emplearon al momento de su formulación. Actualiza una contribución realizada en conjunto con Decanini y Prato a fines de la década de 1980. Los valores de las aceleraciones máximas obtenidas se han incrementado en forma general, debido a los cambios en las leyes de atenuación.

Controle de vibrações de estruturas utilizando amortecedores por atrito

Scipedia content — Wed, 28 Jun 2017 11:13:22 +0200

Uma alternativa eficiente para reduzir as amplitudes de vibração de estruturas submetidas a ações dinâmicas é o uso de amortecedores externos. Este trabalho apresenta uma breve descrição das características e testes de três modelos diferentes de amortecedores de vibração por atrito projetados e ensaiados na Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Em seguida são descritas técnicas que permitem calcular a resposta dinâmica de sistemas providos de amortecedores por atrito em programas computacionais comerciais. Na seqüência, a eficiência de amortecedores por atrito é avaliada por meio da determinação numérica da resposta de um edifício e de uma torre de linha de transmissão, antes e após a instalação de amortecedores por atrito, a excitações sísmica e devida ao vento, respectivamente. Os resultados confirmam a eficiência dos amortecedores em todas as situações analisadas.

Colapso de estructuras de galpones durante tormentas severas

Scipedia content — Wed, 28 Jun 2017 11:13:19 +0200

En varias ocasiones, tormentas que se desarrollaron sobre la región central de la República Argentina han producido daños de variada magnitud en estructuras livianas, particularmente galpones y silos. La magnitud de los daños va desde el arrancamiento de algunas chapas de la cubierta hasta la destrucción total de las mismas. Por lo general estas tormentas afectan áreas bastante extensas, del orden de cientos de kilómetros de extensión, dependiendo del sistema meteorológico que provocó las tormentas. En algunos casos los daños han llegado a la destrucción de la casi totalidad de las construcciones de estos tipos en una o varias localidades, con cuantiosas pérdidas materiales e incluso pérdidas de vidas humanas. En este trabajo se analizan algunas causas de daños observados a consecuencia de una tormenta particularmente significativa.

Análise da lei de bazant e de carpinteri na resistência à compressão do concreto

Scipedia content — Wed, 28 Jun 2017 11:13:14 +0200

Este trabalho apresenta uma análise crítica da influência da dimensão do corpode- prova e do agregado no estudo do efeito escala e do efeito tamanho, pois diversos autores desconsideram o seu comportamento. Esses efeitos foram estudados pela comparação comportamental de concretos com a mesma classe de resistência à compressão, usando-se corpos-de-prova cilíndricos de três diferentes dimensões, porém geometricamente similares, a saber: 100 mm × 200 mm, 150 mm × 300 mm e 200 mm × 400 mm, bem como diferentes dimensões de agregado graúdo, com diâmetros característicos de 9.5 mm, 25.0 mm e 32.0 mm. Para tanto, empregou-se o ensaio de compressão axial. Realizou-se uma análise das diferenças existentes entre o efeito tamanho e o efeito escala, já que ambos ocorrem, e foi proposta uma equação que avalia com mais clareza alguns fenômenos ocorridos na pesquisa.

Evaluación del riesgo de desastre con fines de estimación de pasivos contingentes y déficit fiscal

Scipedia content — Wed, 28 Jun 2017 11:13:11 +0200

A nivel macroeconómico, los desastres futuros son pasivos contingentes que se deben incluir en el balance de cada nación. Al igual que un pasivo pensional o las garantías que debe asumir el Estado por créditos de entidades territoriales o por concesiones, los costos de reposición por desastre son pasivos que se materializan al ocurrir los fenómenos naturales. Por otra parte los desastres extremos pueden generar un importante déficit fiscal debido a la necesidad de recursos para recuperarse y reconstruir el stock de capital afectado. El Índice de Déficit de Desastres (IDD) es un indicador que mide el riesgo del país desde una perspectiva macroeconómica y financiera de acuerdo a los posibles eventos catastróficos. El IDD captura la relación entre la demanda de recursos contingentes para cubrir las pérdidas causadas por un Evento Máximo Considerado (EMC) y la resiliencia económica del sector público; es decir, la disponibilidad de los fondos internos y externos para restituir el inventario físico afectado. Para calcular las pérdidas potenciales, en el modelo, al igual que en la industria aseguradora, se define un nivel de pérdida probable, basado en los impactos críticos que pueden presentarse durante un período de exposición dado; y para la resiliencia económica, el modelo calcula la capacidad financiera del país para hacer frente a la situación. El acceso a estos recursos tiene limitaciones y costos que deben ser considerados, como los valores factibles de acuerdo a las condiciones macroeconómicas y financieras del país. Este artículo presenta el modelo del IDD y los resultados para trece países de las Américas en el marco del Programa de Indicadores de Riesgo y Gestión de Riesgos, desarrollado con el apoyo del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID) para diseñar herramientas apropiadas de evaluación de riesgo para orientar la toma de decisiones de los gobiernos en materia de pasivos contingentes y estimación del déficit fiscal.

Potencial natural de erosão no município de sorocaba, São Paulo, Brasil

Scipedia content — Wed, 28 Jun 2017 11:13:07 +0200

Estudos sobre o meio físico são importantes para auxiliar a compreensão da risco do ambiente ao processo erosivo. Este trabalho teve como objetivo elaborar o mapa de Potencial Natural à Erosão do município de Sorocaba-SP, bem como interpretar os condicionantes do meio físico que determinam uma maior ou menor susceptibilidade ao processo. Utilizou-se recursos de geoprocessamento, sendo a Equação Universal de Perda de Solo o modelo matemático empregado para desenvolvimento do trabalho. Os resultados apontam uma distribuição sazonal irregular da erosividade das chuvas, com sua maior parte concentrada no quadrimestre dez-jan-fev-mar (69,17% do total). Por sua vez, em função das classes de solos ocorrentes de forma predominante, verificou-se que a erodibilidade é classificada como média-forte. O fator topográfico mostrou predominância espacial de baixos valores, embora algumas áreas mostrando altos valores também ocorreram. O mapa do PNE revelou ampla similaridade de ocorrência conforme variou o fator topográfico e revelou ainda várias regiões do município que necessitam de um planejamento de uso da terra adequado, pois o risco à erosão é significativo, podendo gerar sérios impactos e prejuízos.

Agua potable y saneamiento para comunidades aisladas: Un imperativo social y ambiental para Puerto Rico

Scipedia content — Wed, 28 Jun 2017 11:13:04 +0200

Editorial: Agua potable y saneamiento para comunidades aisladas: Un imperativo social y ambiental para Puerto Rico

Respuesta sísmica de muros de mamposteria no reforzada sometidos a aceleraciones perpendiculares a su plano

Scipedia content — Wed, 28 Jun 2017 11:12:59 +0200

En este artículo se propone un modelo para estimar la resistencia sísmica demuros en mampostería no reforzada ante aceleraciones perpendiculares a su plano. Para estaestimación se estudiaron y modelaron diferentes mecanismos de comportamiento del sistema:flexión horizontal, flexión vertical y flexión biaxial, las cuales dependen de las condiciones desujeción del muro. Los resultados de los modelos matemáticos propuestos se validaron conensayos a escala real en siete prototipos sometidos a aceleraciones perpendiculares al plano delos muros, en la mesa vibradora de la Universidad EAFIT, Medellín Colombia. Lasestimaciones resultantes de aplicar los modelos matemáticos concuerdan muy bien con losresultados obtenidos en los ensayos.

Curvas de fragilidad debidas a viento para edificaciones industriales metálicas

Scipedia content — Wed, 28 Jun 2017 11:12:56 +0200

En este trabajo se propone una metodología de estimación de dañosimplificada, basada en curvas de fragilidad, que tiene en cuenta las condiciones deexposición y las prácticas constructivas y de diseño locales, para edificaciones industrialesconstruidas usando láminas y estructuras metálicas. Para este tipo de edificaciones seconsideran cuatro componentes vulnerables, de acuerdo con información sobre dañosrecopilada post desastre: Sistemas de cubierta y fachada en lámina metálica, aberturas enfachadas y el sistema de conexión columna-fundación. Se desarrollaron curvas de fragilidadpor componente vulnerable mediante simulación aleatoria de las variables que controlan elcomportamiento de los sistemas bajo estudio y considerando diferentes escenarios de viento.Las fragilidades totales de sistemas convencionales, no convencionales y mejorados, secalcularon por medio de un algoritmo que combina los daños de cada componentevulnerable.

Gestión de riesgo en gerenciamiento de puentes con modelos de decisión multicriterio discretas

Scipedia content — Wed, 28 Jun 2017 11:12:52 +0200

Conservar más de 2000 puentes en las mejores condiciones de funcionamiento en un contexto de limitaciones presupuestarias requiere un sistema de gestión que asigne los recursos con criterios de prioridad. Los puentes son puntos críticos en la red vial porque su clausura o restricción de uso implica desconectar un tramo completo para todo o parte del tránsito (afecta movilidad y accesibilidad) y porque son potenciales lugares peligrosos (afecta la seguridad vial). Planteando como objetivo minimizar los riesgos de fallas de una red vial sujeto a un presupuesto dado para mantenimiento y rehabilitación de sus puentes, se presenta un caso que, no teniendo una solución analítica pura, puede ser tratado con modelos de decisiones multicriterio discretas. El trabajo documenta la generación de funciones de utilidad normalizadas para ordenar prioridades como parte decisoria de un sistema degerenciamiento de puentes de la red vial Argentina, utilizando el método de jerarquías analíticas. Se fundamenta la necesidad de generar un modelo de decisión "consensuable" por diferentes disciplinas incorporando la opinión directa de expertos y responsables de su efectiva aplicación en la ponderación de los múltiples criterios. El proceso desarrolla primeramente una estructura jerárquica de criterios y subcriterios distinguiendo las causas delos riesgos (falla estructural, falla por efectos hidráulicos, falla de seguridad vial) y el tipo de consecuencias (económicas, sociales, ambientales). La valoración de preferencias genera por cada individuo opinante una matriz de comparaciones por pareja de factores escalada desde igual grado de preferencia a extremadamente fuerte grado de preferencia por uno de los factores. Los expertos fueron informados de los criterios que determinan los puntajes de cada indicador, y establecidas las comparaciones de a pares se realizó el proceso de normalización de la matriz para la obtención de los pesos relativos de cada factor en la función de utilidad y el cálculo de la relación de congruencia (índice de congruencia/índice aleatorio) para verificar la consistencia individual de los juicios, que en todos los casos resultó satisfactoria.Finalmente se obtuvo la función lineal de utilidad aditiva representativa del grupo, que al resultar congruente a nivel grupal no requirió la realización de nuevas rondas de valoración de preferencias, y se incorporó al sistema de gestión de mantenimiento. Con una metodología conceptualmente sólida y operativamente simple, la generación del modelo de decisión multicriterio basado en jerarquías analíticas viabilizó la aceptación técnico-política de la parte más sensible del proceso: el método decisorio de ordenamiento de prioridades en una problemática y en un organismo complejo.

Identificación de propiedades dinámicas de estructuras considerando efectos de interacción suelo-estructura

Scipedia content — Wed, 28 Jun 2017 11:12:49 +0200

A través de una técnica de identificación de sistemas se estiman laspropiedades dinámicas del edificio principal de la sede de Empresas Públicas de Medellín yde su edificio adjunto, el Auditorio, cuando son excitados por sismos de bajas intensidades.Aprovechando la disposición y densidad de la instrumentación, se pudieron medir no sólo laspropiedades dinámicas de los edificios sino también la de los sistemas suelo-edificio. En unaetapa posterior del trabajo se comparan los parámetros dinámicos medidos con base en lainstrumentación, con los que resultan de aplicar modelos numéricos tridimensionalesconvencionales y se discuten las posibles causas que explican las diferencias encontradasentre los dos conjuntos de parámetros.