Scipedia: Documents published in 2008

Creative analysis of publicity in virtual environments

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:24:36 +0100

Television and publicity were never two independent screens as the second sustains the first, but since the end of the nineties Internet has become a meta-screen that feeds back, spreads and generates audio-visual and multimedia consumable contents. In spite of many institutional campaigns blessing the ICTs, we maintain that the concretion that publicity and the Internet have in the classroom is really scarce, at the same time that their presence in the street is enormous. This is our proposal: publicity keeps being a first school of models for our students, the Internet can be a channel for the exhibition, distribution, analysis and communication in the classroom in which publicity becomes an object of analysis and creative consumption.

Screens’ societies: potentialities and limits for media education

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:24:23 +0100

Social and technological transformations undergone during the last decades have lead to contemporary societies, where image has become one of the key elements. Although this process could be framed in qualitative dimensions, the simple observation of most of the citizens´ daily lives would lead us to conclude that the presence of screens is one of the main characters of our closer environment. The increase and diversification of audiovisual devices do not walk together with a parallel augment of media literacy, which is still one of the pending subjects of the educational systems in the economically developed countries.

TV online: different ways to watch and interpret

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:24:13 +0100

Traditionally, Education for Media has been oriented to individualized media as a function of their background identity: press, radio and television. In a context of hybridism and multimedia, the author outlines the new technological framework of the Internet Galaxy, suggesting new interpretative views of the media reality. The aim is concisely to interpret the phenomenon of convergence of the media and to suggest actions that facilitate a better use of the television product through the Internet. This is carried out particularly by examining the television online device.

Public service models in European TV: a comparative analysis of TVE and BBC

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:24:04 +0100

This paper analyzes the models of Public Television in Spain (TVE) and Great Britain (BBC), within the different contexts in which both entities are created and developed. We understand that the features adopted by cultural industries do not obey to immovable determinations but are the result of political, economic and cultural circumstances. The discourse of professionals working in these two media -obtained trough in-depth interviews- will allow us to infer the concept of public service inspiring their work.

The deceitful sight: audiovisual dictatorship and democratic counterpower

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:23:55 +0100

This paper is based on the necessity for developing audiovisual democracy and for proposing specific practices for the deactivation of media persuasive elements as its consequence. It is known that the study and visibility of the main cognitive and emotive strategies of audiovisual persuasion allow minimization of their effects and a more balanced and independent interpretation. Without a specific training, a critical consciousness against media persuasion may only appear in a long term, may appear partially or even never appear. Literacy must have a space in the very same media with programming time devoted to that aim, incorporating certain proposed contents.

Education in mobility

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:23:45 +0100

Nowadays, digitalization of contents constitutes one of the keys of the development in the educational sector. The ubiquitous proliferation of mobile phones and portable devices, added to the development of the access to wide band, changes the scene of distribution of digital contents through communication nets, removing the need for the support and the physical delivery. Education in mobility implies the education of critical receivers, with skills in the new technologies (media literacy) in our global society.

Spain: bottom of the league regarding quality TV

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:23:37 +0100

Describing television in terms of quality is difficult, even more when it comes to the Spanish television audience, which is divided into two main tendencies: on the one hand, there is a group demanding an educative, cultural and consequently quality TV and, on the other hand, there is a group labelling these products as boring. The large number of theories on quality TV agree that a combination of technical and communicative skills and a great diversity of topics, ideologies and genders are necessary. In this context Spanish TV is usually subjugated to audience ratings, although there are important exceptions such as «Los Lunnis», «Redes», etc.

University television and public service

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:23:30 +0100

The mass media, increasingly more present in the society, seem to be losing their social sense and their function of citizenship formation, for the benefit of business logic and market. The public use of television is becoming blurred, so there is an urgent need to promote channels of civic vocation that recovers the social and formative role of media. The University television is a wonderful way for the promotion of this television. In this article an analysis of the Spanish situation is done and proposals for a University television of public utility are carried out.

The reception of soap operas and the genre perspective

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:23:22 +0100

Soap opera is an entertainment phenomenon based on melodrama. Along its existence it has been considered as a mediocre way to entertain people. Its rating and success has been discussed, but the object of this research is to point out the representation of both sexes which is offered to children through soap operas. It reflects about the inequality between both genres, helping thus to think about a patriarchal and symbolic order; a representation that favours the male supremacy.

TV and strategies to promote consumption among young girls

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:23:14 +0100

This article seeks to deepen, on the one hand, into the development of new marketing strategies using TV as platform and aimed at promoting consumption among young girls. We will first look into the case of such companies as Disney, which have re-released public leading characters of all-time stories for the infant female public with great commercial success, now united as a generic sisterhood of «princesses». On the other hand, we will also study other characters that television and other AV outlets have made known and the elements offered in this kind of products geared towards reinforcing consumption by means of promoting sexual and cultural stereotypes.

The «TV baby sitter» phenomenon as a modern cathodic «Super-nanny»

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:23:05 +0100

In the last years a communicative phenomenon, the «TV Baby Sitter», has appeared on the most important mass media. This fact represents that TV is becoming an educational and fun substitutive tool on the youngest public, while traditional education symbols –mother and baby sitter– are declining. This phenomenon evidences social, cultural and educative sequenced effects. In the same way, programme planning disarrangement on the infantile TV time has accelerated those effects and helped to change the youth television learning and sociability manners. It has created a gap between baby and adults programmes.

The TV viewers associations facing the audiovisual communication challenge

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:22:58 +0100

Due to the changes produced in TV programming, and also to the increasing importance of audiovisual media, TV viewers associations have been working for about two decades on the promotion of a critical attitude in TV viewers. They also fight for the viewers´ rights defence. These groups are a good example of the «social capital», necessary for a real change in TV contents.

Teaching to watch TV is our business

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:22:51 +0100

In this work, we reflect on the presence of the television in people’s lives and the need to promote the regularization of television programmes, as well as the literacy of our children and youth so that they acquire the necessary competences to develop an intelligent, active and critical consumption of the television. The role of the administrations, families, educators and TV viewers themselves is also outlined.

The consumption of television: a big show

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:22:44 +0100

The author of this paper defends that the mass media in which she works, stimulates for the show. The influence of television in society has reopened the discussion about educational theories and strategies. Watching TV makes people adopt a passive and alienated posture, without implication or participation. Television channels should be responsible of giving a better service. The author considers all the television media they work should be richer and stimulating for students. The important thing is getting and maintaining the viewer’s attention in the audiovisual context.

Television consumption and profiles of the hearings: a customized way to watch TV

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:22:37 +0100

The design of TV programmes schedule according to the different profiles of the audience favours a customized television watching by selective audiences. This work determines the different types of audience according to age. Such work develops a methodology for the design of TV programme schedules fit to each type of audience, with the purpose of providing customized solutions that favour the intelligent consumption of television. In addition, the design of these pro-gramme grids means an advance in the knowledge of initiatives towards the customization of television contents. This is a very important social demand as a result of the influence of the interactivity generated by the Internet.

Teaching to watch television with a critical spirit

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:22:28 +0100

Young people spend more time watching television than attending classes at school. However, violent, aggressive or just clearly harmful programmes are broadcast for the minors more and more often every day. Faced with the lack of real self-regulation on the part of operators, it is necessary that the administration takes definitely measures in this respect. A possible solution can be found by implementing projects of media literacy, which have not been carried out in our country yet, although they are quite frequent in the most developed countries in Europe and America.

Formation of the critical consciousness regarding mass media in Uruguay

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:22:21 +0100

The rate of mass media per inhabitant is particularly high in Uruguay. Nevertheless, there aren´t many experiences in teacher training and formation of a critical consciousness. The actors involved in the educational process have considered the matter thoroughly. At the same time, a revolutionary experience carried out with computers is being attacked, due to the lack of a pedagogic and critical basis. This paper offers the different arguments and new proposals.

Image Pedagogy: TV advertisement critical reading

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:22:14 +0100

We have developed a methodology for a «Critical reading of TV advertisements». It consists of a guidebook for educators, cards for adolescents and a video. It has been presented in a public lecture aimed at educators and professionals at Marcelino Botín Foundation, and proved with 120 adolescents (12-19 years old). The results of the experience are very positive because they confirm many of the theoretical hypotheses: the pedagogy of the image is necessary in education.

Methodological proposal to educate in mediations

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:22:06 +0100

Educating in mediations is a proposal of education that allows us to know the moral plexus of the main socialization agents such as the family, the school and the media. As an example, we indicate some premises that will allow us to understand the school routine in the frame of social and cognitive mediations.

TV and reality: a proposal for teachers´ training

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:21:59 +0100

This paper describes an educational process which enables the participants to a critical analysis of television and its contents. This educational method has been developed at «La Salle» University centre, in a social educators and teachers training course, in the frame of the subject called «Techniques of Social Communication and Advertisement». It is based on a methodology that aims the development and promotion of complex thinking and critical consciousness. Reference to some techniques for the analysis of television in class may also be found.

Educational TV and teachers: an impossible relationship?

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:21:50 +0100

At the beginning of 2007 four experts on educational television carried out some research on the relationship between pre-university education and educational television. This research aimed at showing the diverse situations regarding the «didactic progress of television» from the answers and comments of more than a hundred teachers of different pre-university levels from several regions of Spain. This paper tries to spread the results of the afore mentioned research to show the poor situation of educational television in Spain. It offers a brief account of diverse educational TV experiences around the world and makes a modest proposal for a new model of educational television that could be useful for teachers.

Portuguese RTP2 and the promotion of media education

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:21:43 +0100

Media education is one of the obligations of Portuguese public television. In the last few years, RTP2 has shown great concern about the quality of its programmes, mainly those addressed to children and teenager audiences. This paper focuses on the communicative and educational strategies used by television programmes «Kulto» and «Pica» and discusses if they contribute to teach children and teenagers to watch television, thus enhancing their media literacy.

Relations between school and TV: making visible the invisible

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:21:36 +0100

TV is part of our daily lives and occupies an important place at home. The situation and the importance we want to give to TV is not a conscious choice. We consider watching television as something obvious, innocuous, daily and internalized. What we have not internalized is the importance this audio-visual means has in education. Neither do we all watch TV for the same amount of time nor do we even tune the same programmes. It is important to analyze why we choose one TV programme or another and what the relation of this choice with our way of seeing and understanding life is.

Psychopedagogic orientation for learning and teaching to watch TV

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:21:29 +0100

The formal education offered at schools has an intentional and professional curricular space that influences, in a direct way, on the people’s formation, their behaviours, their strategies to cope with daily interpersonal relationships, and their new challenges. This paper includes a reflection on the incidence of psychopedagogic orientation in the development of abilities and competences for a more responsible and critical use of television messages. It also offers some practical proposals that can be implemented by practitioners or tutors in collaboration with their students’ families.

Another audio-visual education

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:21:22 +0100

Although the image in movement in the cinema and on television is the most complex audiovisual manifestation, it should not be forgotten that it is not the only one. Oral narrations, drawings and commented pictures, dramatizations, the different representation varieties such as marionettes, shade theatre, puppet shows, and so on, are resources of great potential to work audiovisual education from other perspectives. They also suppose the establishment of an educational basis, fundamental in the future to be able to work on moving images with solid grounds of maturity and knowledge. This paper focuses on the inclusion of all these resources inside the process of audiovisual education, being fundamental their treatment in the first years of formation.

Image as a daily learning opportunity

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:21:15 +0100

Image must become a basic way towards knowledge. This paper proposes to search for shocking TV images that illustrate and define cultural and scientific concepts. Audiovisual itineraries for students are provided for students. They are based on the relationship between word and image, and the architectonic forms that surround us: buildings. Educating the sight implies an education through images, an education to learn how to see, and how to live the reality.

Media education in the Spanish legislation

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:21:08 +0100

This article describes how the new Spanish legislation for Primary and Secondary School deals with media education. Taking the basic skills as a starting point, legislative texts are analysed focusing on two axes: first, the view of technologies and media as simple learning tools versus the critical work carried out with them; and secondly, the attention paid to traditional media versus the domination of Information and Communication Technologies.

School and TV: love and mistrust in a liquid environment

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:21:01 +0100

TV parameters are speed, atomization and history absence. The weakest voices like the children´s are not usually «taken into account» by television. Schools must be rethought and they should and redefine their strategies in order to adjust to the ethics/aesthetics of «video clip life». Adding TV up to school studies might be profitable. Integrating TV as a study object can help to develop a thinking process. One of the education greatest challenges is to achieve the promotion of the children’s rights through television.

Teaching how to watch TV, an outstanding subject

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:20:54 +0100

The association of televiewers from Catalonia (TAC) has been working in the field of education since 1999. They aim to guarantee healthy audio-visual habits in children. For that purpose they offer the educative institutions tools which contribute to diminish television´s negative effects on all the school circles: parents, teachers and students. At the same time, they help them to take advantage on such an extended and important means of communication.

Mass media educative value: social correlations

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:20:47 +0100

There is an obvious social alarm concerning the media, specially the TV. In order to check out the users´ perception of this phenomenon, investigation was set up with Primary school kids, and their parents. This investigation has revealed that there are some correlations between the investigated sample and the general social perception of any media. Communication itself explains some of these correlations: the identification of all the media with TV and a peculiar idea about the educational power of this means of communication.

Educating the sight and the audiovisual writing

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:20:40 +0100

Audiovisual language keeps on improving. Images reign, and represent us. Furthermore, the technological development already allows global interactive communication. In this context, educating the sight and the audiovisual writing comes to be the key. “Emotions x Minute” is a workshop for audiovisual communication which is presented as a game and starts from the wish of expressing. It is based on two ideas: the personal experience and learning by practicing. Once finished, the participants declare two important things: first, they now watch television in a different way, and second, they finish keeping something in their hands, their minute.

Teaching sport with TV

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:20:33 +0100

Television has a decisive influence on present sports. Television is frequently the main source of income for sports. Different sports have been transformed to adapt to television coverage. Sports television production has allowed watching technical aspects of live sports. The digital technology development has revolutionized the reception of images and sounds of the sport. From the educational viewpoint, video replays allow the analysis of gesture and action in sports. The deve-lopment of virtual reality techniques has discovered new aspects of sports. The integration of television with the Internet and mobile phone is creating new ways to show educational values of physical activity and sport.

Education on TV in France

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:20:26 +0100

We can say that education on television in France is entirely inscribed within education to mass media in 2007. Research studies, training and intervention testify this strong presence and original choices which were played as the participation of professionals of television in different actions and the interest in the achievements of young people. What place does this education occupy for the television in the practices of the teachers? What are the main characters? How do we face the present and future of digital challenges?

Learning to watch TV: from virtual to specialization in the creative use of TV

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:20:19 +0100

From a brief contextualization of the connections between education and communication in Venezuela, the experiences in research under the line of «Education, communication and media» of the Institute for the Research in Communications (ININCO) of the Central University of Venezuela (UCV) are reviewed. All that through the description of their products and educational experiences developed to promote communicative learning activities in formal and non formal education.

Why teaching to watch TV?

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:20:12 +0100

The television is one of many elements of our existence, and it demands from us to form active, critical and selective spectators. It is strongly agreed that living with television overcomes the mere indiscriminate consumption. So, a coordination between the family and the school is necessary since both are educators of the childhood and the adolescence. Teachers’ training in the use and enjoyment of the technologies as a didactic tool must be considered since the school must be immersed in the current world.

Television of proximity and audiovisual literacy

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:20:05 +0100

Building and expanding from the classic methods of audiovisual education, this article proposes strategies to achieve a global audiovisual literacy and a full citizenship. Critical reading is supplemented with a high-quality systematic audiovisual production on ordinary subjects and raises awareness of the role the media play in a cultural democratization and in a more equalitarian society. In a genuine democracy there is no education, culture, or high-quality television without the full participation of the citizens.

Chalk, camera, action: an experiment in reading and production of the image for teachers´ training

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:19:57 +0100

The present work consists of a research report focused on an experiment with image production and reading aimed at the training of teachers of the state school system in the district of Parnamirin, which belongs to the state of Rio Grande do Norte, in the north-east of Brazil. This district, marked by the presence of a North American military air base during the Second World War, was the setting for the creation of a video documentary on Cultural Diversity, which is part of the Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais. The subjects of the research, teachers of this district, took part in all the stages collectively, from the script and the selection of the format, to the release of the programme in the community and its following spread through the school network.

TV is our business

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:19:50 +0100

Three characteristics of the TV language justify the need for media literacy: the emotional nature of images, the stories, which are written to draw the attention of the viewer, and the high speed of rhythm in most of the stories. These characteristics generate replies from the emotion rather than from reflection which makes media literacy necessary in order to improve the children´s capacity to keep at a distance from the messages received and to be critical and creative as TV viewers. The tools offered to achieve these objectives bring get them a new way of enjoyment: the possibility of taking the keys to the TV messages for themselves and producing their own new messages.

Audiovisual education to promote multiple competences

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:19:42 +0100

One of the ways to include the audiovisual teaching within the compulsory education system is perhaps to provide arguments consistent with the theoretical framework used by the authorities which draw up educational policies. Lately, the valuation of the teaching process has turned on the notion of competence. This work aims to reflect on some of the competences which are developed through the teaching of audiovisual production.

Educating our ways of viewing through the dialogue

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:19:35 +0100

It is said that media literacy «knows no age limits». Though most practice and literature on media education has focused so far on childhood and teenagers, there are also projects to use and understand the media in the field of adult education. Both the current technological revolution in our society and the main role played in it by the media call for spaces and opportunities within our lifetime to educate our way of view continually. The methodology, based on dialogue has been used in several courses developed within the framework of the EC-supported «e-Learning» program. Its application testified the fact that such methodology is more significant than the object of study itself or the specific activities performed.

The use of digital video in class: a pedagogical proposition

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:19:28 +0100

Television is part of the young people´s daily life and the new technologies, such as the digital video, make a new pedagogical approach possible. This approach enables the teacher to take a critical view of the mass media and to set the knowledge, which is fundamental in the learning process. This paper is based upon the research carried out in Primary schools in Brazil and it intends to show the pedagogical possibilities of television when using the digital video. The results are audiovisual productions with pedagogical, social and cultural aims.

Media education in the digital age

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:19:21 +0100

Changes taking place in the current media scenery will affect the television as mass media decisively. Maybe students and the rest of the people should be educated not only as critical viewers, but also as creators and producers of audiovisual messages, as users of interactive media, as part of audiovisual experiences in cyberspace. In this paper the author revises the key aspects of media education (including television, of course), explores to what extent they are still valid nowadays and what new changes are required in the digital age

Viewing comprehension: an educational experience interpreting television sports from Brazil

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:19:13 +0100

This paper discusses the educational experience as a privileged social practice for the comprehension of the meaning of sport in television. We base our socio-cultural approach on a pedagogical action carried out with future Physical Education teachers from Brazil. They identified, through the reading of the television broadcast of a women's basketball championship, the play on meanings spread by the Brazilian television, thus influencing the construction of certain ethics and aesthetics of the present-day sports phenomenon. In such a process, the students were able to identify the transformation of sport into a «TV-show» and to comprehend the process of signification of cultural elements by the media.

Learn to observe: «The Boarding School», a proposal for developing critical thinking

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:19:05 +0100

How should we observe? How should we learn to observe, to be able to think critically about the images that surround and invade our interior? How should we perform so that the future professionals of education may also educate their way of observing? In this paper the author expresses his proposal about how to develop critical thinking, following the six intellectual skills that shape critical thinking which appear in the Delphi report, using the television series «The Boarding School».

Intelligent audiences: a possible challenge

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:18:58 +0100

Television produces a homogeneization effect which in turn makes everything seem and worth the same. It creates a passive and bored viewer, in short, a consumer. This discourse does not encourage him to be involved in any decoding operation; therefore, it does not embrace him as a subject. However, it would be healthy to think of the teen audience and their relationship with mass culture, not as a lost generation because of their global non-stop consumerism, but rather as young viewers of complex audiovisual texts which also imply the use of complex codes and languages, thus creating a system that makes them active viewers.

Who sees what? Contributions for an open debate about television in the context of media literacy

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:18:51 +0100

During some of the most recent years, in Portugal there has been a public debate going on about the different roles of television near some of the youngest sectors of the population, either as a priority medium of entertainment, as a privileged medium of information, as a possible medium of learning experiences, or just as a simple (or rather complex) «baby sitter». This debate that seemed to become a promising one, especially at the time of the implementation of a new regulation entity (Regulation Entity for the Social Communication) faded away and did not contribute for any deeper knowledge of the problem. Let us see why.

Educative TV or TV-sitter?: attitudes towards the current TV

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:18:44 +0100

Television is an important part of our daily life. TV has become «one of the family» and we cannot imagine our homes without one, two or even several TV sets. This situation of privilege in our families may turn into a double-edged sword: depending on the use given it may determine the people development and even manipulate the youngest ones if it is not used correctly. Making all the viewers –and especially the most vulnerable ones, the children- aware of the need for the use of TV from a critical and responsible point of view is a common task for all of us, family, school and society. And the fact is that we cannot only use the media passively, but in a dynamic and active way.

TV and education in values

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:18:36 +0100

The Spanish educative system is currently going through difficult times. Violence in schools, combined with a high failure rate, outlines the necessity of an education in values. On the one hand, mass media, together with the new information and communication technologies, play a crucial part in the development of civic ethics. On the other hand, the role of television, cinema and the Internet is decisive for the shaping of schoolchildren’s cultural identity. It is therefore primordial to conform the pedagogy of both the images and messages emitted on these media in order to enhance the pupils’ critical abilities, their social conscience building, as well as their cultural training.

Values education in childhood TV programmes

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:18:28 +0100

This paper emphasizes the influence of TV programmes for children on their ethical values, taking some programmes of the Spanish television (TVE) as examples. Their contents usually fit values praised by the society and human rights. On the other hand, other programmes aimed at a different audience (such as series or advertisements) but also watched by children, don´t respect those principles and they even contradict them.

The use of women as sex objects in advertising

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:18:20 +0100

Research on the role of women in advertising in the last years has continued to be that of a sex appeal. In the majority of cases, women are used to promote products aimed at the male audience, with the power of desire and seduction. The research concluded that one of the most common practices in advertising continues to be the portrayal of women as sex objects without personality nor identity. The woman’s body and physical beauty are used just to satisfy the man’s desires. The image of a woman in advertising is more common than that of a man, above all in adverts with a sexual content.

Teaching to watch TV as part of «Education for the Citizenship»

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:18:13 +0100

The Law in Education, recently passed by the Spanish Parliament, provides a good opportunity to promote a critical view of audiovisual media and television among the Primary and Secondary Spanish students. That law introduces a new subject which is called “Education for the Citizenship». The official documents developing the contents of this subject provides the teachers the opportunity of getting the mentioned aim.

Anything goes? Towards an ethical look in the mass media

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:18:05 +0100

No professional of the mass media would dare to say without much ado that ‘anything goes’ to obtain publicity, to gain hearing or to compete with the adversary. That's why we appeal to the ethics. To ask for an ethical look or, better, an ethical commitment on the part of the mass media.

What values do adolescents perceive in their favourite TV programmes?

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:17:58 +0100

This paper presents the results obtained from a sample of adolescents from the Basque Country (Spain) regarding the relationship between their personal values and the values perceived in their favourite television programmes. The theoretical framework used for conceptualizing and assessing such values was the Schwartz model; and the instrument used for the study was an own scale developed by the authors (Val-TV 0.1), which was statistically validated using a multidimensional analysis. In accordance with our hypotheses, which are based on previous studies, we can affirm that, in general, the subjects tend to perceive the same values in television programmes that they themselves show.

Are there social stereotypes in teenagers´ viewing habits?

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:17:51 +0100

Our general aim is to analyze whether television viewing habits contribute to defining the meaning of gender in a sample of 577 teenagers (270 boys and 307 girls) from the Basque Autonomous Region. With the aim of establishing the participants’ television viewing habits, the answers to the CTV (Television Habits Questionnaire) were grouped according to various indicators. The results show that television reproduces social gender stereotypes and may contribute to their perpetuation. Furthermore, the female teenagers are the most exposed group to contents with an explicit lack of distinction between private and public life, and between the most conventional values and the personal ones.

Readings of TV from teenagers storyboards

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:17:43 +0100

This paper provides an analysis of 37 short audio-visual stories told in sketches (like a storyboard). These works were drawn by teenagers of two high-schools of Federal District - Brazil, within the framework of a project of investigation-action supported by the University of Brasilia. The aim of this analysis is to show the adjustment of the strategy of drawing sketches to the construction of proposals, which arise from the union joining of the creative capacities of the young people together with their position as viewers. It is necessary to mention that the groups of teenagers hadn´t attended any courses or audiovisual workshops which become the starting point for the development of a proposal of media literacy in schools.

TV and family: working together for the education?

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:17:36 +0100

The family and mass media are the power of the society nowadays. The relationship established between them is necessary because they determine each other. This article develops the idea that television is the most influent one among mass media, so the families have the responsibility for creating a critical awareness towards it.

Information on TV: youngsters should also be taken into account

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:17:29 +0100

This essay approaches the problem of TV consumption regarding children in the present situation. It gives an opinion about the former proposals and offers the only possible solution to this particular issue. This paper makes a distinction between two different groups: children (aged 0-15) and youngsters (aged 15-30). They face different sorts of problem. There is just one solution which could work in both cases: the regulation of contents broadcast at specific times.

«Cuatro»: the new strategy of television trademark to connect with young people

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:17:22 +0100

The audiovisual design of television continuity, as a model of corporate communication specific of television, is an identifying wrapper of the television channels. It has become a strategic model that increasingly manages to create television trademarks and offers values to the audience. It is precisely in this business concept of television channels where the importance of dealing with communication as a fundamental tool has reappeared; a tool that is able to transmit its trademark in order to project an Image and a positive attitude in the audience.

TV, contents and childhood: keys to teach TV watching

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:17:15 +0100

Television is the most important mass media. Spain and Europe are facing deep changes caused by the implantation of digital technology. In this context, it is very important to launch audiovisual literacy campaigns that help the main actors involved in the communication process to readjust their positions. Childhood, the most vulnerable sector, needs a special attention.

Social and educational features in children´s TV programming: «La Banda» at the Radio and Television of Andalucía

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:17:07 +0100

Being part of the Society of Knowledge implies to accept the importance of the mass media in the construction of the social structure. There is no doubt about the hegemony of the radio and television in the society and their effects on young population. The Forum offers the opportunity to integrate different perspectives and socio-educational and technical models to analyze real TV. From a sociological point of view, we can approach the directions that our society has taken and the impact of television contents on the children´s style of life. The educational model allows us to access to patterns, initiatives and structures that have been developed to confront the mass media, while the business dynamic forces the media to be concerned about the weakness of the young audience in their access to audiovisual media content. We hope this cocktail of perspectives might be useful to develop new and refreshing ideas concerning children´s TV programming.

TV in the daily life of children: the case of Santiago de Chile

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:16:59 +0100

This article presents the preliminary results of an investigation on the meaning of television in the daily life of children, which corresponds to a study carried out on with boys and girls of a medium socio-economic level from Santiago of Chile. The diverse uses and senses that children assign to television are explored. In addition, the way in which they use and appropriate television programming is also analyzed. Along the same lines, it is relevant to go on studying in depth the concrete and symbolic presence of television in the conformation of children’s identity processes and in the mediation that television exerts in children’s relationships with their friends, their classmates, their siblings and their parents.

Child-school-TV and their relationship in the readings of the world

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:16:52 +0100

This paper presents part of an investigation titled «Child and television: contributions to the teacher’s work in children’s education». It studies the way in which children between three and seven years old have a relationship with television. Starting from the interventions with the kids, new possibilities to teach children how to watch TV are shown. In order to do that, this research is based on the Brazilian teacher Paulo Freire and his concept about reading the world.

Television literacy at the «kindergarden»

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:16:45 +0100

This work focuses on a multiple perspective of literacy adopted in accordance with the deep changes taking place in society as a result of the new Information and Communication Technologies. It describes an audio-visual literacy experience that is being developed at kindergarten in a private school located in Buenos Aires Province. Its justification, objectives and procedures are explicitly stated.

TV and children in Italy: experiences on teaching television

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:16:38 +0100

The focus of this contribution is the relationship between education and television. The main idea is that it is not only possible to teach television, but it is often television that teaches about itself. This hypothesis leads to build up a model with four possibilities for teaching television. The article describes their characteristics referring to experiences and formats developed in Italy.

Commercialized childhood

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:16:31 +0100

Contemporary strategies of marketing and advertisement have overloaded the mass-media helping to create a materialistic society where children have become both socio-economic system’s engine and victims. Children are the engine because of their economic power, and the victims because of the emotional effects that this socio-economic system has developed on them: results of some studies showed that 62% of American children are only interested in making money, and 80% of anti-depressant prescriptions are written for children.

Learning identity: what kind of children do children perceive when they watch TV?

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:16:24 +0100

This article shows some results of a present study about the main childhood stereotypes in TV programmes (soap operas, sitcoms), news and advertising. The application of content analysis makes it possible to describe the portrayal of children built by mass media, such as the «good wild» myth as a metaphorical image, at the same time that it shows punishment for the social transgression of rules.

The family and the children’s consumption of television: orientations and proposals

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:16:17 +0100

The purpose of this study is to provide a social and educational description of the influence of TV in children’s lives. The sample included children from the 2nd level of Primary Education (third and fourth courses) from «Andévalo School» (Spain). The practical implications of this study for parents are also discussed.

TV and elderly people: educating or mis-educating?

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:16:10 +0100

Elderly people spend long hours in front of TV without any kind of planning. Thus, it is necessary to study TV consumption and offer guidelines to help them to watch TV from a critical point of view. This paper shows the results obtained immediately after a study carried out with people over 65 years who visit the centres for elderly people in Huelva in their free time. This paper shows with quantitative information the vision that elderly people from Huelva have about TV, and finally it proposes different progress actions that can reduce the time they spend in front of it.

TV: responsibility in socialization

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:16:03 +0100

TV has an ever-increasing power to penetrate into our homes, into public spaces and into our schools. This reality issues a challenge to parents, families, public administrations and to television channels themselves. Socialization, that is, the fitting of individuals to a common culture, is everyone’s responsibility in order to make the future more tolerant, supportive and democratic-essential for the survival of the human species in the 21st century. That is the reason why socialization must be managed and cultivated by all the nation’s institutions, without exception. For this purpose it becomes necessary to join forces, to build a consensus where families, schools and the main television channels commit themselves to a common socializing function with agreements that would help lay the foundations of a society concerned with human development.

TV is not Mary Poppins

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:15:56 +0100

TV has a great power as an educational tool for children. Teachers, politicians, directors, parents and general public should join forces to take advantage of TV as an instrument for learning. Governments, families and schools should work together on making of TV a good educational tool and not the opposite. Because even though TV is a handy and convenient nanny, TV is not Mary Poppins, not at all (...).

A descriptive study of TV consumption in children in Primary and High schools

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:15:49 +0100

This paper shows the results of a study on TV consumption at home that has been developed both in state and private Primary and High schools. This paper tries to emphasize the need for media literacy at home, including parents and tutors and taking into account the results of this study.

Teaching to watch family from the school and the family

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:15:41 +0100

This paper presents some ideas about how the author sees the current television in Spain. It has been calculated that today in Spain one student of Primary or Secondary school spends about 900 hours in class and between 1500 and 2000 in front of the TV. The author develops some audiovisual, academic activities that teachers could do with students in order to improve their abilities to watch television from a critical point of view.

The impact of the screen codes

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:15:33 +0100

The increasing influence of television on childhood is unfortunately not always in accordance with the established values, principles and behaviours practised at home. This research endeavours to highlight the fundamental role played by the family in their members´ upbringing. Not only by establishing the place, times and form of exposure to the television screen, but also by promoting a more critical and reflexive attitude to the messages they receive. This way, television could become a help in the children´s education.

The TV: an educational tool in the context of the family

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:15:26 +0100

This research tries to contribute with some information, reflections and proposals on television, and its main goal is to explore the possibilities that television offers as an educational tool in the family, orientated to the education of their children. Therefore, the reception and impact on the families of the region of Cantabria of the program of television «Home from school» was evaluated as an initiative of the Marcelino Botín Foundation. The results obtained with the questionnaire to the families who saw the programs show that television is a tool at the disposal of parents, a resource that helps them to educate their children.

Education is in the hands of four actors: parents, teachers, children and TV

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:15:18 +0100

Education used to be in the hands of three actors: parents (and/or other family members or tutors), educators or teachers, who shared time inside the classroom with the children; and of course, the children who received the educational activity. But now we know that a lot of children spend a huge number of hours watching TV or playing video games in front of a screen. Keeping in mind that the programs they watch have a clear influence on their values and on their perception of the world and of their social reality, parents and educators must be careful with the use of mass media. A fourth actor called television has appeared on the stage and it is necessary to take it into consideration as a potential ally, rather than as an enemy.

‘Communicative Frenzy’ as disinformation

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:15:11 +0100

Frenzy journalism involves a determined endeavour to take active part in the subsequent future and development of an event: a journal introduces a topic for several days. This media frenzy undermines objectivity and professionalism in favour of the ideological and financial interests of the economic enterprise. The author here studies the role of the Spanish journal El País during eight days in May 2007 when a Venezuelan TV station did not obtain the broadcast license renewal.

Watching TV with visual impaired children

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:15:03 +0100

Unfortunately for visual impaired people, our society is characterised by the exaltation of the image and audiovisual media with a strong visual component. In spite of this there are means already available to make possible a complete access to the visual culture, in particular to mass media. Accessible or universal design allows us sometimes to break the visual sense barriers (for people with impaired vision), and some other times to develop alternative senses (for blind people). Nevertheless, reality does not match the technical and technological possibilities available in present day society.

Pass in language, maths... and TV

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:14:56 +0100

A new debate has arrived to the Education System. It deals with the need of an alternative teaching, an education that exceeds the academic traditions and studies the social relations, such as the relationship between media and society. Citizens must access an audiovisual teaching, because it is important to unders-tand how television, radio stations, newspapers, etc., work when they inform us, show us the culture or even build our dreams. People must know about the media’s economic and political interests, and also how the audience could make use of communication mass media.

«Infant television newscast»: learning resource in TV

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:14:48 +0100

Infant television newscasts are news programs for children and teenagers. In some countries they are among top places. This article will research on the origin of the first television newscasts and will show some of their uses. The format offers an advantage for parents and teachers interested in teaching such important things to children and pupils about television. Due to their short duration it is possible to learn to see and analyze them together with the children. It is an opportunity to know the news and to discover how they are constructed across an entertaining dialogue among adults and children.

How to educate the gaze and manufacture the news: the citizen in the BBC broadcast information

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:14:40 +0100

This article analyzes the strategies followed by the BBC channel to legitimize its role as public television through an approach to the citizens and a diversification of contents in order to face the challenge posed by the current fragmentation of audiences. The study is based on interviews with BBC news professionals about their concept of the public and their gaze on citizens. The aim of this paper is to identify ways to help TVE to face the challenge of its legitimating as public service television.

Watching movies at home: an overview to family socialization

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:14:32 +0100

What does watching a movie mean? In the first place the spectator places itself facing to a constructed reality, a story and a plot. In addition s/he also sees the elements used by professionals to build such story. Watching movies is one of the ways in which people learn, reflect and acquire values. Due to the fact that movies offer a wide field to obtain human knowledge, our proposal is that watching movies in family and using the TV will enrich the personal relations, giving them consistency, and thus contributing to the socialization of child and the adolescents within the familiar group.

Community dimension of media literacy

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:14:23 +0100

Some theoretical contributions to the Media Literacy set up the dialogue, the exchange and the renegotiation of meanings as a starting point for interaction and knowledge. In all these approaches, the environment becomes a vital factor, because in its position we find the social interrelations and the possibility of learning in a collective and/or community way. In our societies, media are holding a big space in people’s social sphere. At the same time it is acquiring more critical competence towards contents reception, the knowledge and the use of media skills bring new languages to the citizenship to explore its surroundings, promoting the mutual knowledge and the social cohesion, keys for social change.

Watching TV with family

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:14:15 +0100

Nowadays television plays an important role in the socialization of children and adolescents, by making available a wide range of models of behaviour. However, watching television is an activity that takes place, mainly, in a family context. Therefore, the family has an important mediating role. A study conducted in Coimbra with students from the 4th, 6th and 8th grades, suggests that family mediation should be more intentional and more frequent, in order to promote the development of active and critical TV viewers.

Co-educating the gaze against gender stereotypes in TV

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:14:07 +0100

TV serials analyzed in this paper show a representation of stereotyped gender. These cultural products, despite its apparent modernity, reproduce inequalities in the representation of the feminine and masculine through gender stereotypes which are sexist models for the construction of gender identity among its young viewers. Besides, a gender and co-education approach for an audiovisual alphabetization should be a good way against inequality.

Adolescents’ television viewing habits and its relation with values

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:13:59 +0100

The aim of this study was to analyze whether television viewing habits themselves contribute to defining the gender significance in a sample of 577 adolescents (270 boys and 307 girls) from the Basque Autonomous Region. Using responses to the CTV (Television Habits Questionnaire), the authors found several groups of people according to various indicators. Results indicate that television reproduces social gender stereotypes and may contribute to their perpetuation. Furthermore, the group most exposed to contents is the adolescent girls, in which an explicit lack of distinction between private and public life, and between more conventional and personal values can be found.

Reality construction by Spanish infancy across TV consumption

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:13:50 +0100

This paper presents the preliminary exposition and results of a feasibility project for an Observatory of Consumption of Infantile Television that contributes with indexes of evolutionary impact (developmental ratings) of diverse contents, taking part in the television diet of Spanish children. The model of analysis has developed indicators about 7 evolutionary dimensions relative to the imagery representation and to the orientation in the symbolic reality. This model has been applied in a pilot stage to a limited but significant sample (the 10 and the 30 most seen programs by 4, 7, and 12-year-old Spanish children), as well as to the most seen advertising. The provisional results allow us to establish certain features of the situation of the audio-visual diet and the orientation of the imagery representation.

The critical education of young people about TV: countries in northern and central Europe

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:13:42 +0100

The main goal of this work is to analyze the education of young people about TV in non-Mediterranean European countries, especially devoted to the French community of Belgium. The author analyzes TV educational policy (not only from but also for young people) to help new generations acquire a new kind of media autonomy and the necessary maturity to replace compelling intake by intelligent and reflective consumption of their media habits.

Television and young people in Spain

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:13:35 +0100

The television is still the media with the biggest approach in Spanish homes. Despite this fact, it is no longer the main leisure and fun media for young people in the last years. This article tackles a historical context and aims for explaining some of the reasons why television has lost relevance within young audience. At the same time, the text provides a general perspective about some other screens consumption by young people, as well as it describes some alternative models and highlights new trends.

The right to the screen: from media education to educommunication in Brazil

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:13:27 +0100

Nowadays in Brazil, some social organizations, governments and mass media are discussing the need to establish an oversight committee to guarantee the quality of television programmes, as well as the need to set a system to determine what kind of program is appropriate for every television time slot. Across Brazil, a representative body of children and young people have come to the conclusion that the right to receive quality television programmes is not enough. The children of the new generations think they have the right to access new technologies and the production of their own messages, in accordance with their own creativity, interests and lifestyle projects within society.

Children programmes and sensationalist TV: entertaining, misinforming, miseducating

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:13:20 +0100

Children television in Spain is closely bound to the widespread commercial TV model. The analysis of children programmes broadcast in a regional channel of Spanish public television allows us to see not only the scarce investment for children programmes, but also the inclusion of some contents and values which could be considered as inappropriate from an educational viewpoint.

Backstage of TV for children: criteria underlying programming construction

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:13:13 +0100

What is usually known about television for children are the programmes broadcast. In contrast, the underlying criteria as well as their conditioning factors are largely unknown. This paper aims to unveil the television backstage, presenting and analysing the logics and strategic options that shape the conception, production and broadcasting of programming for children. In this way, this paper also intends to contribute to a well-grounded knowledge about a reality quite present in children’s daily life.

TV as an instrument of moral education for democratic citizenship

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:13:04 +0100

Few means provide us with more controversial and interesting materials in a moral sense than television contents do nowadays. By showing many cases which involve a conflict of rights and values, it gives plenty of opportunities for moral reflection. It is a very valuable instrument since it offers us relevant present problems, which are also very easy to understand and motivating for young people. This paper is intended to make some suggestions in order to foster the didactic use of some television contents. More specifically, it is intended to show the possibilities that moral dilemmas offer for this purpose. Accordingly, I will put forward some dilemmas which have been built from television materials, as well as several indications for its didactic use and a field research example about them.

Towards a democratic education of the look

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:12:56 +0100

This article is based on the research project titled «Pedagogical uses of a quality television for child and youth audiences», by an inter-institutional agreement between the National Commission of Television and the District University «Francisco José de Caldas» of Bogota, Colombia. Its goal is to study the look in our socio-cultural life to promote a critical education of the audiovisual area, starting from pedagogical proposals which entail citizenship.

The process of TV reception as contextual interaction

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:12:49 +0100

The process of reception cannot be equated to visualisation. Many factors are involved in the act of looking; the subject’s background, their level of communicative competence, code knowledge, modus operandi and different ways of interpreting and deepening in messages. Dynamics of interaction with the screen are varied, but to achieve a significant degree of autonomy and activity, direct involvement in the creative process will be necessary. Hence, it is of major importance to foster a responsible use of television and educate society in matters of communication. This is, beyond any doubt, the challenge that the present educative system has to face.

Transverse readings: how to build critical audiences

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:12:42 +0100

The main point in this article is to discuss the development of the critical reception. The method establishes an analysis of the codes and cultural sources of a specific television show, (that analysis understood as transverse readings), to identify the intertextualities in the show. The purpose is to develop the intertextual competence and the critical vision of the children. The main goal is to make children acquire a critical capacity that enables them to criticize the consumption, the rejection or the interpretation of different television shows.

Multi-screen society: a challenge for media literacy

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:12:35 +0100

Conventional television is getting transformed and diversified to adapt to the new requirements and conditions of the new digital contexts. This means deep transformations in the production, distribution and reception systems; in the programs, genres, and contents in general; and in the commercialization channels and financing systems. This work gathers the new challenges of the “multi-screen society” that is appearing in our horizon.

To teach the look in a multi-screen society

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:12:28 +0100

Prolegómenos

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:12:20 +0100

Reseñas

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:12:13 +0100

Apuntes

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:12:01 +0100