Scipedia: Documents published in 2007

Posición de los gobiernos frente a los estándares y al software libre

Scipedia content — Mon, 01 Apr 2019 11:31:22 +0200

Tal vez lo más importante que se puede decir de los estándares es que es difícil conseguir que se usen si no son estándares de facto, pues muchas veces lo son antes de que sean estándares de jure.

Reseñas

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:08:11 +0100

Apuntes

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:07:59 +0100

Newspapers as a didactic resource for the environmental education

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:07:51 +0100

In spite of the repeated recommendations of the UNESCO to integrate the use of mass media in the education, the most teachers ignore their great possibilities as a didactic resource. In this work we present a new didactic strategy, alternative to the traditional methodology, which shows in practice the use of newspapers as a didactic resource in the training of environmental education teachers. We also analyze the changes in the conceptual knowledge and environmental attitudes that this methodology brings to the students.

Spanish spelling and electronic writing

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:07:39 +0100

Secondary students´spelling and punctuation mistakes are not affected by electronic writing. Competent Spanish speakers differentiate between disorthographic writing in chats and orthographic writing in other texts. Associating electronic writing with secondary students´ spelling mistakes is not correct. On the contrary, a high competence in electronic writing goes with a positive attitude towards orthographic writing in secondary education.

On-line tutoring at university: a proposal for the sequencing of electronic tools

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:07:31 +0100

The main idea of this paper is to propose a way for planning some electronic tools which are currently present in e-learning platforms. Every step of the proposal is illustrated by a real example of students from the Education Degree Course or Psycho- Education Postgraduate Course of The University of The Basque Country. Thus, an attempt is made to offer a way to reflect on the planning and management of the online tutoring of the subject.

Social exclusion and technology

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:07:23 +0100

This paper describes the experience of an innovative educational project in new technologies, developed in Cantabria (Spain) from 2004 to 2006. The author stress the plurality of the groups with which they have worked (considered in risk of socio-digital exclusion), as well as the carrying out of the project in their leisure and free time. The analysis of this initiative tries to be an incentive to open a general reflection on education «in» and «with» information technologies which gives them back their character as a cultural appliance and their role in the complex dynamics of power and knowledge.

Content analysis about toy’s advertisment during Christmas campaign

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:07:15 +0100

Nowadays, advertising is a tool with great influence on children’s tastes and preferences. This study tries to analyze the characteristics of advertisements of toys during the Christmas campaign, when there is a saturation of this type of advertisements. Our results show that the ambiguity of the law that regulates this type of publicity still allows strong male and female stereotypes, and a discourse that creates an unreal image of the product.

Gender stereotypes in audiovisual products for children

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:07:06 +0100

In this paper we analyze the transmission of stereotyped characteristics of men and women through audiovisual products for children. With this aim, we employ a sample of programs and advertisements forecasted in 2004 in the Spanish television. In this sense, we analyze the presence of men and women, the elements associated with different characters, and the principal features of advertisements targeted at girls and boys.

Strategies of telephone companies in Spain

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:06:57 +0100

Nowadays, mobile phones are an essential communication tool and even a personal symbol which often defines the personality of the young people of the 21th century. Thus, it is important to analyze the causes and consequences of its success, above all, among teenagers, who are the real driving force behind this technology. The present paper analyzes the main features of mobile phones marketing –product, price, distribution and communication– and also.

Concept, instruments and challenges of media education for social change

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:06:49 +0100

Despite its long tradition in other geographic contexts, the field of communication for social change is almost unknown in our country; therefore, there is a widespread ignorance of communication basics on the part of organizations and professionals committed to development. The following article offers a brief historical approach to this concept and describes its main methodologies, in order to help consolidate the discipline and to promote strategies for the future.

The communication through glance: the difficulties apprehending reality

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:06:41 +0100

Both the glance as a starting point and the film «Rear window», by A. Hichcock, as a guide will take us to the study of the roles played by different tools in the act of seeing. Binoculars, windows, photographic cameras and their accessories will all reduce the difficulties found while trying to apprehend the reality in a game where the voyeur is the protagonist. The paper also remarks the fact that the communicative process won´t be fulfilled unless the duality of looking at/being looked at appears.

Competence in media studies: its dimensions and indicators

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:06:34 +0100

The document «Competences in Audiovisual Communication» can serve as a basis both for the criteria on which the Education in Audiovisual Communication should be based as well as the dimensions that must be taken into account. The main value of this document therefore lies in the fact that it has been agreed by the 14 most renowned experts in Spain, after consulting 50 experts from Latino-America.

Ideas y pantallas

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:06:27 +0100

Sequential literacy: the teaching of cinema in the age of audio-visual speech

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:06:18 +0100

In the so called «information society», film studies have been diluted in the pragmatic and technological approaching of the audiovisual speech, as well as the own fruition of the cinema has been caught in the net of DVD and hypertext. The cinema itself reacts in the face of it through complex narrative structures that take it away from the standard audio-visual speech. The function of film studies at the university education should be the reintroduction of the rejected subject of the informative knowledge by means of the interpretation of film text.

History and analysis of Spanish cinematographic humorousness

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:06:11 +0100

Some research on film and/or history of cinema needs particular strategies. The study of the style in a film of the early years, for example, is totally different from the analysis of variants and invariants in Spanish cinematographic humour from a diacronic perspective. In this case, the analist must define specific tools, that is, he must formulate precise questions and focus the attention on some determined aspects of film.

Cinematographic narrative and education for cinema

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:06:04 +0100

This paper presents the problems we have in a current society educated in the visual culture to teach Audio-visual Narrative in such a way that it takes a constant work of learning in the practical activity. Using this criterion, we begin studying the previous cultural parameters and continue with the practices, evaluation methods and feedback between pupils and teachers.

Cultural Studies and film in Spain

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:05:56 +0100

This paper presents the use of the different methodologies in cultural studies by Spanish researchers and academics. These working methodologies are still peripheral in film studies in Spain, although the number of publications generically adhering to cultural studies viewpoints are increasing, above all those studies concerning film audience or gender and, to a lesser extent, those dealing with film reception, stereotype representation and more recently transnational studies.

Film analysis in multiscreen era

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:05:49 +0100

This paper tries to stress the relevance of film analysis as an essential activity for critical citizens´education, and as a necessary background to study and analyse other audiovisual media, related with cinema in expressive and narrative forms. We analyse some reasons to explain why film ananalysis is rejected, the nature of this concept. And, finally, we present an essays collection «Film analysis and watching guide».

The Rhinoceros is coming! For a methodology in cinema teaching

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:05:42 +0100

Film studies at universityshould start from a non teleological conception of film history, stressing the periods of transformation/transition and the different representation modes which have been aimed at the spectator through the years. The formal (non formalist) analysis of films introduces the problem of subject in films and reivindicates humanist values, whose absence is devastating in the so called «information society».

The state of things: two or three things I know about film analysis

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:05:35 +0100

This paper offers a reflection on film analysis nature, a regular activity in cinema teaching. In order to understand this perspective, we show the main risk factors: the empirical data fetishism, the context fetishism and the biographism return. Our proposal reivindicates the relevance of film form and the necessity for pointing out how films comunicate.

Cinema teaching in the Italian educacional system

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:05:28 +0100

In 1999, the Education Ministry has financed the National Plan for the Promotion of Cinematographic & Audiovisual Language, promoted by Lino Miccichè, from the University of Rome III, in collaboration with institutions and national and regional associations. This Plan for three annualities has been blocked by italian government, due to his inestability and a lack of political will to renew the education system.

Crossroads of Spanish Film History

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:05:21 +0100

The overall regrettable situation of Spanish cinema education in our universities, scattered throughout the most varied degrees, mistreated in the syllabuses and different programs, contrasts with a period of deep historiographical renovation. Several recent manuals and other serious works offer syntheses of a new intellectual path, one that approaches our cinema with methodological and analytical accuracy, leaving aside old prejudices regarding Spanish cinema and raising new interests in our students.

Filmstudies in the Netherlands: the migration of cinephilia and the emergence of Spanish cinema

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:05:12 +0100

Even if film studies have occupied an important place in Dutch universities since the 1990s, research and education are strongly dominated by television and new media. Within the context of the Netherlands and rather than discussing cinephilia in a traditional manner, I will develop in this article the concept of «migrating cinephilia» in Dutch or European research and education. I will also describe the increasing attention now being paid to Spanish films in programmes concerning European cinema.

Film teaching in the British Educational System

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:05:04 +0100

This article explores the teaching of film in secondary and higher education in the UK. It traces the popularity of the subject in higher and secondary education. It discusses the influence of the most important tendencies of film theory on ways in which film is taught in the UK. A description of the content of the A level syllabus for film is added.

Teaching with films in the French educational system

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:04:55 +0100

French school system has always taken the cinema’s educational dimension into account . Nevertheless, the full integration of films in the cultural and educational activities of French pupils only dates back to the 1980s. Indeed, films are part of the syllabus as an optional course in the last three years of secondary school. Besides, from primary school onward, a whole system which enables pupils to become familiar with the cultural and artistic dimension of films has been set up thanks to the collaboration of the Ministries of Education and Culture.

Cinema teaching in Spain. A historical perspective and a contemporary view

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:04:48 +0100

This paper tries to offer a historical perspective of higher cinema teaching in Spain, from its origins in the 40s to the present. The current map of official studies in film, courses, workshops, seminars, etc., in Spain is very complex. This is the reason why we offer a complete diagram of university subjects related to the cinema in higher education in all the autonomous regions.

Presentación de temas: Comunicación, música y tecnologías

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:04:41 +0100

Prolegómenos

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:04:34 +0100

Reseñas

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:04:27 +0100

Apuntes

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:04:16 +0100

Gender construction and spanish fiction TV

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:04:07 +0100

In the last years there has been an increase of gender studies, with the incorporation of women at academic world and as consecuence of a bigger social awareness. Even so, the analyses of this type, specially in communication, are not very usual. The object of this paper is to analyze gender construction and stereotypes in spanish fiction TV through two successful Spanish series, proposing a model of analyses that allows to recognize and to clasificate these representations.

To educate spectators: expositive proposals and dynamization

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:04:00 +0100

This paper is a reflection on the adaptation of the spectator to the latest tendencies in plastic art and image in general. This reflection leads up to consider the need for helping the audience to become critical spectators. This proposal is based on the development of activities, some of which have already been put in to practice, which are aimed at the audience with the goal of producing an active learning process. Apart from the participants´ personal involvement, motivation should be the focus of the activities.

Didactic use of web page pertaining to department in Secondary Schools

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:03:53 +0100

Resources and possibilities offered by Internet for the education are, nowadays, practically limitless. That is why it is essential to articulate criteria for the selection and suggestions for its use with educational aims. In this sense, we present a proposal to illustrate the didactic integration of Web pages pertaining to different departments in Secondary Schools. It is valid for the use of diverse existing references in Internet as well as for the elaboration of teacher, subject, department or school’s web pages.

Media students, professional placements, University and the learning challenge

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:03:45 +0100

More and more media students complete their studies with professional placements every year. At the same time, each year more universities include such experience as an integral part of their curricula. This is in recognition of the fact that a learning process takes place during placements. Therefore, universities offering such training placements have to accept some responsibility for their success. Universities need to be aware of what students do during these periods of training in order to face the challenge posed by this responsibility. By doing this, universities will know which things need to be improved. This paper aims to generate debate on the following topic: the first work experience of media students should be fully educational and should transfer knowledge, skills and social engagement.

Towards e-learning from free software. Moodle like a Learning Managament System (LMS) within reach of all

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:03:38 +0100

Organizations opting for different Learning Management Systems (LMS) as tools for the development of formative actions through the Net are currently countless. The present paper has as its main objective to carry out an approach to free software and the different available LMS and –specially– the specific case of Moodle.

WebQuest and semantic annotations

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:03:30 +0100

This paper presents a system of searching and recovering educational activities that follow the Web-Quest model through the web, complemented with a module to make semantic annotations aimed at getting and enriching the knowledge on the use of these exercises by the teaching community. It also tries to document the resources or websites with didactic interest in order to build a qualified account of educational links.

Values education through television advertising

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:03:22 +0100

Advertising sometimes transmits opposite values to the socially and educationally desirable ones. The attraction power of the television advertisements is so strong that it has become necessary to balance it in the classroom. This paper shows the creation process of pedagogical material in order to make values education in tutorial sessions or in other subjects easier. It has been assessed with a test-retest model in control and experimental groups.

Culture and television. A controversial relation

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:03:14 +0100

From the birth of the public television in Europe, media has been related with cultural and divulging objectives. Nevertheless, it is necessary to admit that the relation between television and culture have always been difficult or al least controversial. Until the eighties there seemed to exist a mutual respect among each other but since the loss of monopoly on the part of the public European chains the relation has been getting worse. Public television has got involved in drag by a crazy race for audience rates where programmes on or with cultural values have been progressively diminished.

Technology changed scene or Pygmalion came true

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:03:05 +0100

This paper gives a summary of how the different information and communication technologies have changed the societies which have used them through the years. Consecration and adoption of different technologies have fulfilled beliefs and expectations that eventually have come true.

Hypertextual rethoric: towards a model for interactive fiction analysis

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:02:57 +0100

This paper proposes a model for textual analysis in explorative hyperfictions that may serve as a didactic tool for teaching hypertextual literature in both middle and upper levels. The proposal includes ten sections (with descriptors, justification and examples for each of them) and is based on two conceptual premises: it is essential to make use of analysis models which respond to the inherent features of the interactive textuality, and to work with a teaching model that encourages comprehensive learning.

Values in sport: a pedagogical experience with the football match Barça-Madrid

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:02:50 +0100

Sport is very influential in our societies; above all, on youngsters. Young consumers are exposed to sport, not only at school, but also through the mass media. Sometimes, the values that teachers and coaches instil in their young pupils, sportsmen and sportswomen, are not the same values which they receive when they watch sport-entertainment events, through mass media or live. In this paper, we analyse an experience, a Barça-Madrid derby, to try to develop the critical capability of students regarding sport.

El rapto de Europa

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:02:43 +0100

UNESCO Declaration on Grunwald (Germany)

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:02:34 +0100

Media education in Austria: competence, communication, autonomy

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:02:27 +0100

This paper focuses on the presentation of the Laws for Media Education, which is the legal basis for the implementation of media education in Austria. The law is embedded into a pedagogical context, whose key characteristics are those of an emancipated, liberating concept of education indebted to ideas of the Enlightenment. Media education is used in a holistic sense, encompassing both the so-called traditional media as well as the new media including the Internet. The major areas are critical reflection and creative potential, individual and social responsibility. The ultimate goal is the autonomous media user as an autonomous citizen. As media education is an interdisciplinary practise, a wide choice of materials both in print and online has been developed to support the teachers: part of the paper is particularly devoted to the beginning and growth of the media education website www.mediamanual.at

Media education in Switzerland

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:02:19 +0100

It is difficult to set educational standards in Switzerland: given the complexity of the political structure and the different languages spoken, 26 educational systems are in function. Most pupils are familiar with the practical use of ICT. But few of them are taught to analyse the media themselves. Media education is integrated to other branches of learning. Thus, it depends most of the time on the good will of the teachers! In the past five years, high speed connections to the Internet have strongly increased in schools, thanks to a public-private partnership launched by the State. The program also improved ICT skills among teachers. Many locally based projects encourage pupils and students to use ICT to learn. Multimedia products crafted in schools are even broadcasted on TV websites. However, media education remains uneven among teachers. The use of audiovisual resources in the classroom is decreasing. Most teachers express reluctance towards the media. When it comes to life long learning, software proficiency is more sought after than media knowledge.

Media education in Luxembourg

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:02:11 +0100

This paper exposes the situation of media education in Luxembourg educational context beginning with the idea that media presence is still insufficient. The article includes an analysis of Education policy and media education proposals through training courses carried out especially by the National Programmes Council. Other proposals are likewise explained.

Media education landscape in Sweden

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:02:03 +0100

In this paper we describe the Swedish media education landscape and Brigitta Qvarsell‘s perspective on the influence of technological development in media education in Swedish context. Results of data collection about the media consumption by children and young Swedish people are also included. The conclusion remarks the need for a new area with ethnographic and semiotic basis: media educology.

Media education in Poland

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:01:56 +0100

What can we do to help children and teenagers to learn about media? The author thinks that we have to encourage media education at schools on the basis of distinct general objectives and setting up special programmes to learn media in formal contexts. Moreover, this paper also considers that it is necessary to do the same out of school working with a global proposal that integrates all contexts and includes teachers training.

Implementation of a Media Literacy Training Program for Greek Elementary School Teachers

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:01:48 +0100

This paper places Greece in the European media education context analysing teachers´attitudes towards media. It describes a practical proposal consisting in the implementation and development of a media literacy training programme for Elementary School based on investigation and learning theories.

A view of media education in Spain

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:01:41 +0100

Media studies in Spain have been conspicuous for their discontinuity, slumps, and reductionisms. Educational institutions haven’t actually acknowledged the key social role that media and their screens play as agents and role-models in education. Hence that there arises the pressing need to devise a program that co-ordinates and integrates audiovisual and multi-visual literacy within the present school syllabus.

Media education in Germany: development and current situation

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:01:34 +0100

This paper analyses the different trends in the current situation of media education in Germany. The discussion point is how to use the large variety of media we have in order to get really educative aims with a scientific basis. The German media education landscape shows not only a lot of different concepts but also a large number of projects on teacher training, school approaching and practical applications.

Media education in the French Community of Belgium

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:01:27 +0100

This paper gives a brief account of the history of media education in the French Community of Belgium using as a starting point the political, media and educational contexts. Afterwards, it explains media education in the Internet and media society and the integration of the press in the field of learning. Finally, the paper describes the educational challenges of reality-television, cinema and advertising.

Media education in France: a hard consolidation with good prospects

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:01:19 +0100

For at least one century, France has played a relevant role in media education using an innovative and even fighting spirit model. Research has enriched the field but the model has never become really integrated into school. However, it is nowadays that an official integration of media education into the educational system can be observed, so it is now when redefinition and deep reflection on media education are needed.

Media education in the UK

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:01:12 +0100

Education about the media has been developing in the UK for at least 40 years. Various accounts of that history can be found elsewhere; this paper will just attempt to sketch out key features of the current scene, and to point readers to sources of more substantial information. Given that I work for the British Film Institute, a key player in this field, there is bound to be some bias in this account towards the BFI’s perspective: my defence is that, as every media educator knows, no account is ever completely unbiased.

Towards a media literacy: examples of the Portuguese speaking context

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:01:04 +0100

The levels of media literacy, their nature or even their lack, can show differences or similarities, according to the local and global contexts where they are developed and practiced. The following examples, though of fragmentary nature, are an eventual contribution towards a better knowledge of existing reality in this field both in Portugal and in some other local and global Portuguese speaking contexts.

Italian media educational situation and challenges for the next future

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:00:55 +0100

The aim of this paper is to show the evolution of Italian media education landscape in the last fifteen years and also to analyse its main challenges for the next future. The starting point is an investigation on Italian media educational situation carried out in 2005, which provides us with significant and interesting data and hypotheses for the present.

Presentación de temas: Comunicación, música y tecnologías

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:00:47 +0100

Prolegómenos

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 10:00:40 +0100

Reviews Caplletra 42

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 10:00:49 +0100

Reviews Caplletra 42 (Spring, 2007) Carles Cortés, ressenya de Neus Real Mercadal, Mercè Rodoreda: l'obra de preguerra, Barcelona, Publicacions de l'Abadia de Montserrat, 2005, 507 pp.Carme Gregori Soldevila, ressenya de Pere Rosselló Bover, La narrativa i la prosa a Mallorca a l'inici del segle XX, Palma de Mallorca / Barcelona, Universitat de les Illes Balears / Publicacions de l'Abadia de Montserrat, 2006, 319 pp.Joaquim Martí Mestre, ressenya de Brauli Montoya Abat, Història de la llengua catalana en un territori de frontera: Petrer (Vinalopó Mitjà), Alacant/ Petrer, Departament de Filologia Catalana de la Universitat d'Alacant / Centre d'Estudis Locals del Vinalopó / Ajuntament de Petrer, 2006, 130 pp.Rafael Roca, ressenya de Josep Massot i Muntaner, Escriptors i erudits contemporanis. Sisena sèrie, Barcelona, Publicacions de l'Abadia de Montserrat («Biblioteca Serra d'Or», 363), 2006, 338 pp.

Reviews Caplletra 43

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 10:00:42 +0100

Reviews Caplletra 43 (Autumn, 2007) Joan Borja, ressenya de Vicent Simbor (ed.), Joan Fuster: relacions personals, relacions literàries, València, Publicacions de la Universitat de València, 2006, 144 pp.José Enrique Gargallo Gil, ressenya de Glòria Claveria & Cristina Buenafuentes (ed.), Germà Colón: les llengües romàniques juntes i contrastades, Bellaterra, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona / Servei de Publicacions, 2005, 143 pp. [«Cuadernos de Filología», 5, Seminari de Filologia i Informàtica. Acompanyat d'un CD-ROM, versió per a Windows XP: Índex del lèxic estudiat en l'obra de Germà Colón. Editat per Glòria Claveria, Laura Muñoz, Marta Prat i Joan Torruella (ICREA-UAB).]Carles Cortés, ressenya de Neus Real Mercadal, Les novel·listes dels anys trenta: obra narrativa i recepció crítica, Barcelona, Publicacions de l'Abadia de Montserrat, 2006, 418 pp.Ramon Bacardit, ressenya de Judit Fontcuberta i Famadas, Molière a Catalunya, Barcelona, Publicacions de l'Abadia de Montserrat («Textos i estudis de cultura catalana»), 2005.

La dislocació a la dreta en català i castellà: microvariació en la interfície sintaxi/pragmàtica

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:26:12 +0100

This article investigates the use of right-dislocation in Catalan and Spanish. We have measured the productivity of right-dislocation in a corpus of an original Catalan text and its Spanish translation regarding four variables: category, grammatical function, discourse function, and distance with respect to the antecedent. The analysis shows that right-dislocation is a marginal phenomenon in Spanish, not only from a quantitative (10 occurrences vs. 232 occurrences in the Catalan text), but from a qualitative point of view: right-dislocation in Catalan affects all the categories, grammatical functions, discourse functions, and distances with respect to the antecedent, whereas in Spanish it is restricted to nominals (SD and DEM) and sentences (SC), to subject and object functions, mainly to a the (re)introduction of a topic in the discourse, and to extreme distances (1 and 4). So then, in order to fulfill the tasks covered by right-dislocation in Catalan, Spanish must resort to other mechanisms —
the placement of the dislocate in situ, its omission, or left-dislocation—, which suggests that the difference between these languages has to do with the different discourse management of the same collection of syntactic resources.

Observacions sobre la posició dels subjectes postverbals en català i castellà

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:26:05 +0100

This is a comparative study of the different positions of postverbal subjects in two closely related languages that nevertheless show clear differences in this respect.
The comparative study will allow us to reject the idea that postverbal subjects in Romance languages are in a unique in situ position Spec VP as has been proposed recently (Motapayane1995, Ordóñez 1998, Costa 2000, Alexiadou i Anagnostopoulou 2001, Cardinaletti 2001). On the contrary, this study will show clearly that there is a need for two positions for postverbal subjects in order to understand the parametric differences between Catalan and Spanish. The general hypothesis will be that the subjects can access a higher Spec of what I will call SubjP, but not Catalan. This will
account for the different distribution of subjects respects to adverbs, quantifiers, and restructuring contexts. This paper clearly shows that a finer and richer functional structure above VP and below the final landing site of subjects is needed to account for the differences between Catalan and Spanish. Therefore, this paper is another contribution to the cartographic studies initiated by Rizzi (1997).

Defectivitat morfològica i variació sintàctica

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:25:59 +0100

This paper discusses a case of parametric variation between Catalan and Spanish that concerns the fronting possibilities within the CP domain (the so-called ÇLeft PeripheryÈ). In particular, attention is paid to Catalan’s weak left peripheral activity, which prevents it from generating sentences that involve a Çmild focalizationÈ pattern very common in Spanish (e.g., «Mucha tontería dice el Gobierno» vs. *«Molta ximpleria diuel Govern»), first noted by Torrego (1980) and further explored by Uriagereka (1988). Interestingly, the same behavior is observed in the v*P domain, which accounts for the fact that VSO sentences (generated through movement of the subject to a specifier position, as Ordóñez 2005; this volume contends) are barred in Catalan, but not in Spanish. It is argued that the relevant micro-parameter has to do with Çmorphological defectivityÈ, not in the sense of Chomsky (2000; 2001) (where such notion is related to the absence of abstract _-features), but in a more morpho-phonological one
whereby defectivity follows from having a poorer (explicit) manifestation of features: morphological defectivity of a verbal paradigm weakens both verb movement and peripheral fronting.

Acusatiu preposicional i dislocació amb clític

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:25:52 +0100

Catalan is usually described as a language without prepositional accusative, with the only exception of some pronouns. The aim of this paper is to present some data
showing that in most spoken varieties prepositional accusatives are indeed licensed in a specific construction, namely when appearing as topics in Clitic-Dislocation.
Interestingly enough, the preposition is systematically excluded with rhematic, nontopical, objects. Dialects differ with respect to the conditions governing the use of the
preposition with topics: whereas in written Catalan the preposition appears with pronouns only, spoken Central Catalan extends its use to proper names and human
definites as well, and Ibizan shows the wider extension of the phenomenon, with prepositional marking for almost all kinds of topics (pronouns, proper names, human and non-human definites, and even inanimate indefinites). This shows that for
Catalan the crucial factor for the occurrence of prepositional accusatives is topicality –not definiteness or animacy, as in Spanish.

Un tipus especial d'oracions interrogatives: les interrogatives escindides

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:25:45 +0100

This paper deals with the properties of interrogative sentences with a split constituent (or split interrogatives) in Catalan and Spanish. We compare split interrogatives with Wh-questions, yes/no questions, different kinds of confirmatory questions and clitic left dislocation constructions. Split interrogatives show a very clear-cut syntactic and phonological distinction between those constituents to be interpreted as shared or old information (theme) and the constituent which receives the focus of the sentence. Following recent theoretical work on the left periphery of the sentence, we propose that the Ground Phrase projection (placed below ForceP) is especially relevant in split interrogatives and that this relevance yields a derivation with two syntactic movements to the higher functional projections. Such analysis accounts for the surface constituent order found in split interrogatives, the semantic interpretation of each part of the sentence, and the syntactic structure of Wh-constituents, and it covers also several constraints on locality, syntactic distribution, definiteness, and
negation that characterize split interrogatives.

Evolució de la sintaxi dels contextos de polaritat negativa en castellà i català

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:25:35 +0100

In this paper we would like to compare the evolution of the syntax of polar contexts in Catalan and Spanish. By doing so, it would be possible to explain the greater syntactic disponibility of Catalan quantifiers and the important constraints for the same class of words in Spanish.
After presenting in the first section the main theoretical questions about polarity in natural languages, we will describe in the second section the syntax of corresponding contexts in Middle Ages for both languages. Then, in the third section we will attend to the evolution towards current situation in order to understand the nature of modern differences between Catalan and Spanish on this area of their syntax.

Microvariació sintàctica: el català i l'espanyol comparats

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:25:29 +0100

Introducció al monogràfic

Aportació a l'estudi de la conjunció concessiva «jatsia»

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:25:22 +0100

Concessive connectors are the focal point of grammaticalization processes, based on several types of lexical sources. In Catalan, «jatsia» (that) is the result of a
grammaticalization process based on an aspectual temporary adverb (or phase adverb), which is comparable to the process that produced «encara que». The case of «encara que» has already been studied specifically by Pérez Saldanya & Salvador (1995), while Klesper (1930), Badia (1982) and Cuenca & Massip (2005) have focused on «jatsia» (that). The interest of the study of these processes is increased in the case of «jatsia»(that) by the polymorphism it shows and by the displacement it has experimented in its use, since it has gone from being of general use in the expression of concessivity to be practically out of use. This is especially due to the fact that this displacement is not restrictive to Catalan but common to other Romance languages,and because it can correlate directly with the generalization of encara que and the
appearance of the causal ja que (or later «ja...ja...» in its distributive use). And also, because of the incidence that it had in the precepts of the period and in contemporary
normative coding.

La traducció catalana de la «Història de les Amors de París e Viana»

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:25:16 +0100

The text of the three Catalan editions of «Història de les amors de París i Viana», published in Barcelona and Girona in the last decade of the fifteenth century, shows a linguistic orientation towards Castilian and Italian onomastics. It has led to postulate two hypotheses on its textual dependence: a Castilian origin and an Italian origin. A revision of the text as translation and adaptation for the printing allows to ascertain the confluence of two linguistic layers: one, of the first half of the fifteenth century, which explains the persistence of archaic features and the Italian onomastics, and another, contemporary with the edition, which accounts for the Castilian orientation of the text
as a modernising option within the sociolinguistic context of the reign of Ferdinand the Catholic (1479- 1516).

Les anotacions marginals al «De amore» català

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:25:10 +0100

A new, philological edition of the marginal notes in Andreas Capellanus’ «DeAmore’s» medieval Catalan translation, uniquely preserved in Real Biblioteca de Madrid’s manuscript II-3096 (I), accompanied by transcriptions of the sentence or paragraph which each note refers to. These notes are thematically classified in four groups and described so as to outline their medieval annotator’s main interests.

El dantisme de Manuel de Montoliu

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:25:03 +0100

In the year 1903 Manuel de Montoliu published the first Catalan version, in prose and poetry, of La Vida Nova, which meant an important stage within the history of pre-Raphaelitism and modernism in Catalonia. In this article the first Dantesque influences in the poetic production of the translator will be detected, the stage of preparation and of presentation of the text will be analysed and, finally, the article will study the progression that the exegesis of Dante’s work determines in Montoliu’s thought. This global vision will leave a redimensionated image of the critic which concerns the originality of his positions, and it will be demonstrated that the interpretations on the figure of Beatrice will lead him into focusing his interest in the most doctrinal aspects of the Divine comedy.

"Ut pictura poiesis": text i imatge, mimesi i realitat quant a «Tirant lo Blanch»

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:24:57 +0100

The relationship between literature and reality in the Middle Ages can be considered from several dimensions. One of the most important cultural elements of the medieval period is the visual representation of reality found it literary texts, not only through the presence of miniatures in the manuscripts, but especially through the description of realia in the same text. The encyclopedic tradition helps to intertwine this close relationship between the outer representativeness and the inwardness of the text, a new interpretation of the Horacian’s ut pictura poiesis. The «Tirant lo Blanch» is a fictional text full of iconic references to contemporary reality, which in this study are made clear visually.

Uns i altres en la cartografia de la narrativa breu medieval

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:24:51 +0100

Revision of a representative sample of short narrative in prose in order to detect, in the medieval cultural system, evidence of difference or diversity; likewise, the ways to portray the other one and to position literarily in front of it are revised. And all that
without considering if this other one was a Christian neighbour or a stranger, either in a cultural or spiritual way.

La città di Francesc Eiximenis. A proposito del «Dotzè del Crestià», I, 1

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:24:45 +0100

The work «Lo Crestià» by Eiximenis is an encyclopaedic project that develops, among many other subjects, the political worries of his author. The Dotzè is the place where the ideas about the ideal society, a society that takes form in the space of the city, are related. Which exactly the image of the ideal city is and with which sources Eiximenis works, is the central subject of this article. Some of these sources have been fully studied, one of them being, for example, the relationship between the Dotzè with the Politics by Aristotle. This is one of the aspects that places the book within
Aristotle’s trend of modernization of political language, a reference point that surpasses an influence until now considered central to political Agustinism.

Una lectura del «Llibre de Meravelles» como "ars praedicandi"

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:24:38 +0100

The «Llibre de meravelles» is one of the best known works by Ramon Llull because of its literary dimension. Both this and the structure of the text correlate with contemporary texts of encyclopaedic character. However, a contextualization of the book within Llull’s production, especially in relation to his former novel (Blanquerna), can
make important contributions to a new approach to the book, in order to interpret it as a manual of predication adapted to Llull’s particular conception. Which his conception is, which purpose Felix’s examples have in the book, and how the work integrates in Llull’s conception of relationships between faith and reason, is the subject
of the present article.

Societat, ideal i ficció a la literatura catalana medieval. (Introducció al monogràfic)

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:24:32 +0100

La formació del plural i la situació del gènere en el «Curial e Güelfa» dins del context del segle XV

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:24:26 +0100

We study the situation of plurals in the «Curial e Güelfa» and, by extension, in the Catalan of the 15th century, analyzing particularly the possible subordinating factors of the distribution of plurals -es and -os of masculine words that finish in -s. The situation of plurals helps to confirm the dating of the novel in the middle of the 15th
century. On the other hand, in the section of inflection of gender, the presence of forms that confirm the classicism of the novel is evident, as well as some Valencian preferences.

Traduccions i usos sintàctics de l'expressió de l'abstracció

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:24:19 +0100

The study of translation norms is a key element in traductological studies. Insofar as these norms are linked to cultures and specific historical periods, the analysis of their diverse elements is of fundamental importance. One of the variables that composes these norms is the model of language of the translations, which is devised from the stylistic uses of the translators, mainly from some aspects of language which are particularly controversial. One of them is the syntactic uses for the expression of abstraction, and this paper focuses on their study. The conclusion is that there are
less stylistic resources used and centred in no more than a couple of structures despite the several possibilities existing to express abstraction. Many forms recommended by grammarians appear, at best, with scarce manifestations. The reasons for this lack of
use are varied, probably because of the same translators some times, but also because of the recipients of the translations, who perceive these forms as unusual and, in other cases, as interferences.

Teodor Llorente, escriptor valencià

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:24:13 +0100

This article is a revision of Teodor Llorente’s literary work in Catalan, in prose and in poetry, which turns out to be an exceptional production for his time, in accordance with his role as a leader and an ideologist of the Valencian Renaixença, and places him as the poet who contributes most, both in quantity and quality, to this literary movement. The first part of the article, focused on his lyric poetry, revises the six editions of his verses which were published between 1885 and 1983, and brings back to life ‘unknown’ poems -unpublished or dispersed- which have never been included in any edition. The second part lists and catalogues his prose writings in Catalan and dismantles the belief that he only used Catalan to write poetry.

Ciutat de Mallorca, 31 de desembre del 1229: Sant Silvestre, Sant Jordi i Jaume I

Scipedia content — Thu, 14 Mar 2019 16:33:47 +0100

The episode of the definitive assault to the City of Mallorca, on the 31st of December of 1229, is one of the best known parts of the Llibre dels feits by James the First.
The words that the king employs when relating the possible miraculous intervention of Saint George in that episode have been interpreted as a sample of the prudence of the monarch in inserting wonderful elements in his chronicle. This article proposes a different interpretation of the passage, while taking into account several chronistic sources that aim towards a revision of the role that the Crusade plays in the imaginary world of king James the First.

L'emissor com a organitzador del discurs acadèmic

Scipedia content — Thu, 14 Mar 2019 16:33:27 +0100

This article presents a contrastive analysis of the ways in which the first person markers as a discoursive organizer are manifested in academic texts. The corpus consists of academic texts published between 1989-2001 in reviews with a high level of specialization in three fields (Linguistics, Law and Physics) and in three languages
(Spanish, Catalan and English). On one hand, this discoursive function is characterized by taking the parameters of Cognitive Linguistics as a basis, specially concerning the theory of mental spaces, and subjectivity. On the other hand, quantitative analysis
shows, with graphics, the differences between these languages, in which Catalan may occupy an intermediate place between reader-oriented languages (English) and writer-oriented languages (Spanish); besides it also displays differences between the
aforemention scientific fields which represent the three branches of the knowledge, in which social sciences (i. e. Law) may be an intermediate stage. Regardless of the discipline and the language, the extension of the text has to be taken in consideration
because it may determine the role of the speaker as organizer and the results.

The ALE/Lagrangian Particle Finite Element Method: A new approach to computation of free-surface flows and fluid–object interactions

María Jesús Samper — Tue, 05 Mar 2019 10:45:11 +0100

The Particle Finite Element Method (PFEM) is a well established numerical method [Aubry R, Idelsohn SR, Oñate E, Particle finite element method in fluid mechanics including thermal convection–diffusion, Comput Struct 2004;83:1459–75; Idelsohn S, Oñate E, Del Pin F, A Lagrangian meshless finite element method applied to fluid–structure interaction problems, Comput Struct 2003;81:655–71; Idelsohn SR, Oñate E, Del Pin F, The particle finite element method a powerful tool to solve incompressible flows with free-surfaces and breaking waves, Int J Num Methods Eng 2004;61:964–84] where critical parts of the continuum are discretized into particles. The nodes treated as particles transport their momentum and physical properties in a Lagrangian way while the rest of the nodes may move in an Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) frame. In order to solve the governing equations that represent the continuum, the particles are connected by means of a Delaunay Triangulation [Idelsohn SR, Oñate E, Calvo N, Del Pin F, The meshless finite element method, Int J Num Methods Eng 2003;58(4)]. The resulting partition is a mesh where the Finite Element Method is applied to solve the equations of motion. The application of a fully Lagrangian formulation on the particles provides a natural and simple way to track free surfaces as well as to compute contacts in an accurate and robust fashion. Furthermore, the usage of an ALE formulation allows large mesh deformation with larger time steps than the full Lagrangian scheme.

The violation of objectivity in Laplace formulations of the Navier–Stokes equations

María Jesús Samper — Wed, 27 Feb 2019 10:39:02 +0100

The Navier–Stokes equations written in Laplace form are often the starting point of many numerical methods for the simulation of viscous flows. Imposing the natural boundary conditions of the Laplace form or neglecting the viscous contributions on free surfaces are traditionally considered reasonable and harmless assumptions. With these boundary conditions any formulation derived from integral methods (like finite elements or finite volumes) recovers the pure Laplacian aspect of the strong form of the equations. This approach has also the advantage of being convenient in terms of computational effort and, as a consequence, it is used extensively. However, we have recently discovered that these resulting Laplacian formulations violate a basic axiom of continuum mechanics: the principle of objectivity. In the present article we give an accurate account about these topics. We also show that unexpected differences may sometimes arise between Laplace discretizations and divergence discretizations.

Nodally exact Ritz discretizations of 1D diffusion–absorption and Helmholtz equations by variational FIC and modified equation methods

María Jesús Samper — Thu, 20 Dec 2018 13:51:58 +0100

This article presents the first application of the Finite Calculus (FIC) in a Ritz-FEM variational framework. FIC provides a steplength parametrization of mesh dimensions, which is used to modify the shape functions. This approach is applied to the FEM discretization of the steady-state, one-dimensional, diffusion–absorption and Helmholtz equations. Parametrized linear shape functions are directly inserted into a FIC functional. The resulting Ritz-FIC equations are symmetric and carry a element-level free parameter coming from the function modification process. Both constant- and variable-coefficient cases are studied. It is shown that the parameter can be used to produce nodally exact solutions for the constant coefficient case. The optimal value is found by matching the finite-order modified differential equation (FOMoDE) of the Ritz-FIC equations with the original field equation. The inclusion of the Ritz-FIC models in the context of templates is examined. This inclusion shows that there is an infinite number of nodally exact models for the constant coefficient case. The ingredients of these methods (FIC, Ritz, MoDE and templates) can be extended to multiple dimensions

An improved finite point method for tridimensional potential flows

María Jesús Samper — Thu, 20 Dec 2018 13:41:13 +0100

At the local level, successful meshless techniques such as the Finite Point Method must have two main characteristics: a suitable geometrical support and a robust numerical approximation built on the former. In this article we develop the second condition and present an alternative procedure to obtain shape functions and their derivatives from a given cloud of points regardless of its geometrical features. This procedure, based on a QR factorization and an iterative adjust of local approximation parameters, allows obtaining a satisfactory minimization problem solution, even in the most difficult cases where usual approaches fail. It is known that high-order meshless constructions need to include a large number of points in the local support zone and this fact turns the approximation more dependent on the size, shape and spatial distribution of the local cloud of points. The proposed procedure also facilitates the construction of high-order approximations on generic geometries reducing their dependence on the geometrical support where they are based. Apart from the alternative solution to the minimization problem, the behaviour of high-order Finite Point approximations and the overall performance of the proposed methodology are shown by means of several numerical tests.

A rotation‐free shell triangle for the analysis of kinked and branching shells

María Jesús Samper — Mon, 17 Dec 2018 12:16:27 +0100

This paper extends the capabilities of previous BST and EBST rotation‐free thin shell elements to the analysis of kinked and branching surfaces. The computation of the curvature tensor is first redefined in terms of the angle change between the normals at the adjacent elements. This allows to deal with arbitrary large angles between adjacent elements and to treat kinked surfaces. A relative stiffness between elements is introduced to consider non‐homogeneous surfaces. This idea is latter generalized to deal with branching shells. Several linear and non‐linear examples are presented showing that the formulation leads to the correct results. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Resistencia a fatiga de techos de madera y zinc bajo vientos de huracanes

Scipedia content — Wed, 28 Jun 2017 11:09:49 +0200

Este artículo resume los resultados de un estudio sobre el comportamiento de sistemas de techos de madera y zinc ante cargas cíclicas causadas por los huracanes. Desde el Huracán Hugo hasta el Huracán Georges, la mayoría de las pérdidas estructurales relacionadas a tormentas en Puerto Rico ocurrieron en casas de madera con techos de planchuelas de acero galvanizado y zinc. Debido al pobre desempeño de estas estructuras de madera, se realizaron un total de 26 pruebas experimentales a escala real para probar la eficacia de las guías existentes con varias configuraciones de campo y establecer mejoras costo-efectivas para estos sistemas de techos. La mayoría de las pruebas experimentales consistieron de ciclos de carga con amplitudes constantes para evaluar el rendimiento contra la fatiga de las muestras. Además, con los resultados experimentales, se obtuvo una ecuación de fatiga S-N para este tipo de construcción.

Metodología para estimación de curvas de vulnerabilidad económica por lluvia para infraestructura vial ? aplicación carretera Bogotá - Villavicencio (Colombia)

Scipedia content — Wed, 28 Jun 2017 11:09:45 +0200

Se sugiere una metodología para obtener las curvas de vulnerabilidad económica por lluvia para carreteras y el caso de aplicación a la carretera Bogotá - Villavicencio en Colombia. Una curva de vulnerabilidad económica por lluvia se define aquí como aquella que expresa el cociente entre las pérdidas y costo de construcción para cada nivel de lluvia que genera dichas pérdidas. Estas curvas pueden ser utilizadas como herramienta de gestión de infraestructura vial, ya que permiten por un lado, obtener una idea de la apropiación de recursos que debe tener una carretera para seguir con los niveles de tránsito específicos y por otro lado, identificar claramente tramos en donde se han presentado problemas fuertes y en donde se requiere una intervención mayor. Una curva de vulnerabilidad permite evaluar el riesgo económico cuando se integra con la amenaza por lluvia. Se menciona que ésta debería ser una herramienta dinámica en el tiempo, ya que las curvas de vulnerabilidad económica permitirían saber si las gestiones realizadas por las entidades encargadas del mantenimiento de la carretera están obteniendo resultados satisfactorios en su administración por la disminución en éste indicador. La metodología fue implementada en la vía Bogotá - Villavicencio, que es una de las más importantes en Colombia por ser corredor de intercambio de productos agroindustriales y manufacturados entre el centro de Colombia y los Llanos Orientales.

Identificação e discriminação de áreas de risco no entorno urbano de Ipatinga, Brasil

Scipedia content — Wed, 28 Jun 2017 11:09:42 +0200

A ocupação humana desordenada nas encostas é um agravante para a ocorrência de movimentos de massa. Estão envolvidos neste processo tanto fatores naturais como antrópicos, contribuindo diretamente para a definição de área de risco. Os movimentos de massa expõem a população aos desastres ambientais, com sérias conseqüências econômicas e sociais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar e discriminar áreas de risco no entorno urbano da cidade de Ipatinga, Brasil, buscando fornecer ao poder público local uma importante ferramenta na gestão de riscos ambientais. Para isso foram utilizados mapas digitalizados de cinco condicionantes naturais e um antrópico. Foram obtidos também os pontos de movimento de massa já ocorridos na área estudada. Com o uso do software ArcGis confeccionou-se mapas de identificação das áreas de risco. Foi feito um estudo comparativo entre quatro métodos estatísticos de ponderação para a determinação do método mais adequado ao efeito global da movimentação de massa. A partir da base de dados foi realizada também uma análise discriminante, buscando obter um modelo de predição para o tipo de movimento de massa que possa vir a ocorrer. Verificou-se que os modelos de discriminação quadrático e linear utilizados para a predição apresentaram resultados excelentes, bem como dois métodos estatísticos de ponderação, o das médias e o da literatura. Grande parte das áreas de alta ou muito alta suscetibilidade se localizam no entorno da malha urbana do município. É necessário o planejamento de novas ocupações urbanas no município, bem como, a reavaliação das áreas ocupadas por favelas.

Recuperação estrutural do estádio do Maracanã

Scipedia content — Wed, 28 Jun 2017 11:09:38 +0200

Este artigo descreve os danos e anomalias observadas na estrutura de concreto armado do Estádio do Maracanã, no Rio de Janneiro, Brasil, e as ações emergenciais implementadas para reabilitação por meio de intervenções de recuperação e reforço de seus elementos estruturais, ocorridas entre 1999 e 2001, com posterior complementação entre 2005 e 2006. São mostrados diversos métodos e procedimentos de intervenções implementadas visando a completa recuperação do maior estádio de futebol do mundo.

Evaluación de la capacidad de carga de pilotes defectuosos a través de un ensayo no destructivo

Scipedia content — Wed, 28 Jun 2017 11:09:34 +0200

La evaluación de la capacidad de carga de pilotes con defectos constructivos es una actividad recurrente en los procesos de auditoría o inspección de obras civiles. Los defectos constructivos de pilotes excavados son normalmente identificados mediante ensayos no destructivos tradicionales de integridad de pilotes de tipo pulso-eco, o de inspección sónica entre sensores que se deslizan en sendas perforaciones según el eje del pilote. Una vez ubicado un defecto, es necesario proceder a evaluar la incidencia que el mismo tiene en las propiedades mecánicas del pilote frente a las cargas de servicio. En este trabajo se presenta un procedimiento de evaluación de la aptitud de un pilote defectuoso a partir de la medición in situ de la rigidez dinámica del mismo para una carga de baja amplitud, la que se aplica tanto al pilote con defectos como a otros dos pilotes de similares características sin defectos. De la comparación entre las propiedades mecánicas de rigidez del pilote con defectos con otros pilotes de iguales características, pero indemnes, se establece un criterio para estimar la reducción de la sección resistente. El trabajo presenta una aplicación a pilotes de un puente carretero de primera categoría.

Impacto del cambio climático en las costas del Río de la Plata

Scipedia content — Wed, 28 Jun 2017 11:09:29 +0200

Las zonas costeras y, especialmente, las ciudades ubicadas en ellas, están amenazadas por una amplia variedad de peligros relacionados con el clima. La costa Argentina del Río de la Plata y, en particular, la Región Metropolitana de Buenos Aires, no escapan a esta situación, siendo cada vez más vulnerables a causa del Cambio Climático. En este trabajo, mediante avanzadas técnicas de modelación numérica de la hidrodinámica del Río de la Plata, se determinaron los mapas de riesgo de inundaciones para las condiciones actuales, y para posibles escenarios futuros. Se calibró y validó un modelo hidrodinámico con el objetivo de simular la generación de ondas de tormenta en el Frente Marítimo, que luego penetran en el Río de la Plata. Los escenarios futuros planteados representan condiciones medias y máximas proyectadas para las décadas de 2030 y 2070. Como resultado de las simulaciones se obtuvieron los niveles medios estacionales en todo el dominio del modelo y la respuesta del sistema ante eventos de tormentas con distintas recurrencias. A partir de los resultados de niveles a lo largo de toda la costa Argentina del Río de la Plata, se trazaron los mapas de riesgo de inundación. Se concluye que el aumento del nivel medio del mar es el mayor condicionante de cambios en el sistema, y que esa elevación se manifestará en un aumento del riesgo de inundación debido a las ondas de tormenta.

Herramienta computacional para la evaluación post-sísmica de daños en edificios

Scipedia content — Wed, 28 Jun 2017 11:09:26 +0200

En este artículo se desarrolla un método y una herramienta computacional orientada a apoyar la evaluación de daños y de la seguridad de los edificios después de sismos fuertes. Los datos de entrada del programa de computador corresponden a información subjetiva e incompleta del estado del edificio, obtenida por profesionales posiblemente inexpertos en el campo de la construcción. Los niveles de daño de los componentes estructurales normalmente son descritos por calificaciones lingüísticas que pueden ser adecuadamente procesadas con técnicas de inteligencia computacional basadas en sistemas neurodifusos. Estas técnicas facilitan la realización de las complejas y urgentes tareas de toma de decisiones de los ingenieros en relación con la ocupación de los edificios después de un desastre sísmico. El sistema híbrido neuro-difuso, descrito en este artículo, está basado en una red neuronal de tres capas artificiales unidireccionales especiales y una base de reglas de lógica difusa. Este sistema es una herramienta de especial utilidad durante la fase de respuesta a emergencias, que facilita las decisiones de habitabilidad y reparabilidad de los edificios. Para ilustrar su aplicación se incluyen ejemplos de aplicación del programa para tres clases diferentes de edificios.

Acerca de la importancia del manejo de información durante desastres naturales

Scipedia content — Wed, 28 Jun 2017 11:09:21 +0200

Editorial: Acerca de la importancia del manejo de información durante desastres naturales

Finite element analysis of composite materials

Scipedia content — Wed, 28 Jun 2017 11:09:18 +0200

Editorial: Finite element analysis of composite materials

Curvas de fragilidad y matrices de probabilidad de daño de edificios de concreto armado con ductilidad limitada

Scipedia content — Wed, 28 Jun 2017 11:09:15 +0200

En este artículo se aplica un procedimiento de análisis no lineal de estructuras de hormigón armado, con base en control de fuerzas en el que se aplica como criterio de convergencia un índice de daño calculado mediante elementos finitos. El procedimiento se aplica en el cálculo de la respuesta estática no lineal de tres edificios proyectados para diferentes niveles de ductilidad: un edificio con forjados reticulares, un edificio porticado con vigas planas y un edificio porticado con vigas de canto, siendo los dos primeros proyectados como edificios de ductilidad limitada y el último como edificio de ductilidad intermedia. Del procedimiento de análisis estático no lineal se obtienen umbrales de daño, mediante el análisis de la evolución de la deriva relativa de piso respecto al desplazamiento del nivel de cubierta. Dichos umbrales de daño se utilizan en la determinación de las curvas de fragilidad de cada caso aplicando la distribución lognormal, para finalmente calcular las matrices de probabilidad de daño, para cinco estados de daño. Los resultados muestran que la respuesta no lineal de los edificios de ductilidad limitada presentan una alta probabilidad de colapso al ser sometidos a la demanda sísmica especificada en la norma sismorresistente española NCSE-02.

Efecto de las vibraciones generadas por voladuras en minas sobre edificaciones residenciales de mampostería simple en Colombia

Scipedia content — Wed, 28 Jun 2017 11:09:11 +0200

Los explosivos usados en la minería generan ondas que se transmiten en todas las direcciones desde la fuente. Estas vibraciones superficiales causadas por el paso de las ondas de Rayleigh (principalmente) pueden ser registradas en dos componentes horizontales y una vertical en forma de registros contra el tiempo de aceleración, velocidad o desplazamiento. Estas vibraciones pueden afectar las edificaciones cercanas a la zona de operación de la mina. Por esta razón, en el presente artículo se presentan registros de vibraciones asociadas a voladuras medidos en campo por el grupo ESTRUCTURAS de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. Asimismo, se presenta una revisión de los límites de vibración aceptados internacionalmente para evitar daños en edificaciones. Por último, se desarrolla un modelo por elementos finitos (análisis modal espectral) de una edificación existente de mampostería simple (sin refuerzo) Colombiana sometida a movimientos correspondientes a tres valores de R/W1/2 (siendo R la distancia entre el lugar de medición y el sitio de la voladura y W el máximo peso de explosivo por unidad de retardo). De acuerdo con las mediciones y con los límites internacionales, las vibraciones podrían causar daño leve en edificaciones frágiles. Se considera necesario establecer límites de vibración ajustados a las condiciones de las edificaciones Colombianas.

Aspectos geotécnicos del sismo de Pisco, Perú del 15 de agosto del 2007

Scipedia content — Wed, 28 Jun 2017 11:09:06 +0200

Este artículo presenta un resumen de las observaciones realizadas durante un reconocimiento de los efectos geotécnicos del sismo de Pisco ocurrido el 15 de agosto del 2007 en la zona central de la costa del Perú. Este sismo de magnitud (Mw) 8.0 causó daños importantes a obras de ingeniería civil en una amplia zona que incluye las ciudades de Ica, Pisco, Cañete y Chincha. Desde una perspectiva geotécnica, los aspectos más relevantes de este sismo son la gran extensión de licuación de suelo observada en la zona mesosísmica y el considerable daño que causó en las zonas urbanas y en la infraestructura de transporte. En particular se destaca la documentación de un deslizamiento lateral que involucró un área de al menos 3 km2 de terreno y asentamientos de hasta 0.9 m observados en estructuras livianas. El sismo también causó varios deslizamientos de talud que resultaron en bloqueos de carreteras. También se presenta un análisis preliminar de los registros de aceleraciones obtenidos durante el sismo.

A estrutura do palácio do Itamaraty em Brasília: Aspectos históricos e tecnológicos de projeto, execução, intervenções e manutenção

Scipedia content — Wed, 28 Jun 2017 11:09:02 +0200

O Palácio do Itamaraty em Brasília é uma obra prima na Esplanada dos Ministérios da capital do Brasil, a única cidade construída no século XX laureada pela Unesco como Patrimônio Cultural da Humanidade, em 1989. O Palácio denota o gênio de seus criadores - o arquiteto Oscar Niemeyer e engenheiro estrutural Joaquim Cardozo, e a ousadia e qualidade dos profissionais de projeto e construção do Brasil. Baseado em documentos originais e depoimentos do pessoal envolvido na construção, entre 1963 e 1970, o objetivo deste artigo é recuperar a história do monumento, evidenciando seus mais importantes aspectos: plantas de arquitetura e do projeto estrutural e detalhes gerais das técnicas construtivas e materiais. Uma análise estrutural foi efetuada por meio do programa computacional SAP2000 (1995), que forneceu modelos para o cálculo dos esforços internos nos elementos, momentos fletores e deslocamentos. O dimensionamento das colunas típicas de concreto armado e vigas, segundo a norma Brasileira NBR 6118: 2003 (ABNT, 2004), mostrou as armaduras de aço de acordo com os padrões de segurança, inclusive considerando as prescrições sobre fluência do concreto. Um programa de avaliação estrutural e diagnóstico do monumento foi realizado, mostrando que a situação presente da estrutura é adequada. Todavia, a manutenção preventiva imprópria da edificação é um fato preocupante, como outros monumentos do patrimônio de Brasília, cuja importância exige especial atenção e planejamento especifico para preservá-los para as futuras gerações.