Scipedia: Documents published in 2006

Youth, technologies and the language of links

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 09:57:48 +0100

This paper explores the new ways of relation and interaction which are taking place into the lnformation Society, particularly on the use of the latest information and communication technologies (ICTs). Young people, the «Net generationn, have a very good opinion of the language of links. They are taking the most of the relation and communication potentials from the new technologies such as the Internet. These present changes mean chances and risks that should be taken into account by teachers and communicators.

The impact of mobile phones in the life of adolescents aged 12 - 16 years old

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 09:57:39 +0100

The impact that a new technology item such as the mobile phone has on today's society, in particular, on the life of adolescents aged 12 - 16, is analyzed and discussed. In the information society we are living in, changes are ever quickening. Consequently, interpenonal relationships are being modified. Many of these transformations affects adolescents transforming their habits, attitudes and ways of relationships around this technology, both with their friends and families.

From the school in television to the (digital) television in the school

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 09:57:33 +0100

In this paper, first, three implicits insights are identified regarding relationships between education and television. Next is the description of one kind of development from television programs «sort of educational» to the properly educational television programs. Finally, we focus in the ideal of interactivity in one television alreadey converged, in some cases, with internet. In the epilogue, an insight is proposed regarding two platonic miths, one about participation in the communication and another about the breaking of the unidirectionality and of the mass communication media like television seems to carry us.

Historia de la imprenta

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 09:57:25 +0100

The media in teenagers' socialization: styles and modes

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 09:57:16 +0100

This paper shows the role of media in the teenagers socialization of teenagers' styles and modes. In the first part, the author defines the concept «style»; in the second, she explains the results of the survey applied to Spanish and Argentine teenagers.

Video games, markers of tendencies in the technological leisure

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 09:57:08 +0100

Children need autonomy to face the images transmited by the new information and communication technologies. The analysis of the social mechanisms carried out to protect children of the possible damages of some video games contents, which are part of their leisure time, demonstrates the necessity of a visual education which would guarantee their access to a hll mediatic universe of learning options.

Music and styles: the creation by means of the theory of social representations

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 09:57:00 +0100

We approached the theory of the social representations, from the epistemologic perspective of the rhetorical change of the philosophy, like a model for the creation of musical uhits. and soundtracks spread by mass media and characterized by musical topics, figures that reflect the social and psychological processes of the elaboration of musical ideas. The dynamics of this creation seem to be effective for the development of a «sgnificant» teaching process of music teaching.

The meaning of television series: audiovisual slogans

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 09:56:53 +0100

Television contents influence as much in our behavior and our thought as other social and educationai agents, but the influence might be in a less conscious way than the othen. In this paper we will reflect about how to take advantage of the series for educationai purposes. Drama series can be used as a tool to educate young people and show them how to form their moral criterium in order to distinguish good fiom bad, to judge the programmes and to know the reasons for not to watch certain television programmes.

Communication outlines of free magazines aimed at youngsters

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 09:56:46 +0100

Trendy free magazines have become a mass phenomenon among university students. Using their own language, they propose a postmodern culture transmited through a special aesthetic outlook. This paper deals with the communication outlines as well as their formal and content elements put forward by these magazines.

Bestsellers, reading habits and ideology

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 09:56:38 +0100

Readers of bestsellers, books which sell over 100.000 copies in a short time, feel ashamed to acknowledge such wguilty pleasuresn in view of the general opinion against their poor literary quality. The equation between high number of readers and poor quality has not been solved but there is little doubt that the impact of bestsellers mirrors and afects the ways in which we envisage our present, past and future. Precisely this capacity of popular fiction to articulate contemporary issues calls for critica1 analysis. This paper tackles the issue from the penpective of popular fiction studies considering factors and issues involved in the success of bestselling fiction both in its production and consumption. Because of their international dimension, «The Da Vinci Code» and «Harry Potter» offer two unavoidable paradigms in adult and children fiction to be considered.

Towards intelligent buying

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 09:56:31 +0100

The world of fashion is often associated with being trendy and being able to spend a good amount of money in purchasing clothes, shoes and accessories that are «in». The pre-teens, teenagers and yuppies are the main target group. But buying habits are slowly but surely changing, at least in the Northem European countries, and specifically in Finland. The focus is not on quantity but on quality: long-lasting materials and timeless design pieces. And ethics. Though a lot of young people are still prey to cheap, seasonal anires and fashion items, newgeneration designen are anracting clients towards intelligent consumerism: buying for quality and based on values.

Vocabulary and fashion discourse

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 09:56:24 +0100

In the discourse of fashion the presentation and the evaluation of acts and objets are often mixed. Depaning from this assumption the present work investigates the lexical and pragmatical reasons that intensify the moral connotation of expressions about fashion and allow their use for persuasive means; at the same time this work also illustrates the importance of the familiarization with these expressions for education, both as communicative facts and as reasons for moral reflection.

«Dinkis»: setting a new life style

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 09:56:16 +0100

The term «dinki» stands for «double income no kids» and refers to young couples with high earned income who do not want to have offspring in order to maintain their economical status (a great part of their income is devoted to travelling, eating in restaurants...). The «dinki» phenomenon is not new at all. According to the results about «Young families in Spain» published by Milward Brown Spain consultancy in November 2005, in Spain there are already 800,000 of «dinki» couples, a 75 percentage higher than in 2000.

Metrosexuals and übersexuals as an advertising construction

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 09:56:09 +0100

«Metrosexuals» or «übersexuals» are lately all the rage in mass media and among young people. This model is not new: it is the result of a process of transformation initiated some time ago in Westem Societies. The new man who worries about so, called female topics is on the one hand a social reality and on the other one, an advertising construction. «Metrosexuals» and «übersexuals» as a social reality are one of the results of the revolution carried out by women, however they are an advertising artefact as well, because they are the product of companies which through observation and due to advertising have tumed a minor trend into a mass phenomenon.

Fashion and mass media and civic education

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 09:56:01 +0100

Fashion and mass media are social core elements with an educational function that may even replace the educational frarnes provided by the family. The social effects of media power are shown to be negative: young citizens do not like topics of public interest, they are only interested in consuming and they believe that their own destiny does not depend on their personal decisions but on higher social power.

Presentación de temas: Modas y tendencias actuales de la comunicación

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 09:55:54 +0100

Prolegómenos

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 09:55:47 +0100

Reseñas

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 09:55:40 +0100

Apuntes

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 09:55:29 +0100

Mass media, non-formal education and social representations on violence

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 09:55:21 +0100

Mass media, through their programs, news and the informal education they spread, show social representation on reality, being the ones referring to violence of great importance in our culture. In order to investigate on the educative influence of mass media in the social representations on violence and the social practices that such representations favour, its characteristics and their school discussion make specific the content of this paper.

Press as resource in the adult curriculum

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 09:55:13 +0100

In this paper we gather part of the research about the use of press as curricular material in basic adults´education. The work has contributed to different aspects concerning the relevance but also the obstacles that teachers face in their effort to use press in different subjects of the curriculum. The study contributes to know the circumstances of integration of press in education. It includes some improvements, and it promotes some work lines concerning this topic.

Media, education and reality

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 09:55:05 +0100

Nowadays media images rule our lives. However, in early ages it is considered necessary the help of a guide to discriminate information. We want to make people reflect about the need to promote specific training on the media since childhood.

The spanish participation in international projects of communication

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 09:54:57 +0100

The contribution of the technical advances to citizens´welfare has been so flashing that it has become a door opened to the increasing artificial necessities of communication in some occasions, real in others, as it demonstrates the numerous supply of television channels that can be turned on with satellite dish of standard-small size.

Use of teaching resources for reading and writing in preschoolers in Venezuela

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 09:54:50 +0100

This investigation allowed us to learn about the reality of educational centers and preschool teachers who work in the metropolitan area of Caracas, specifically in reference to the methods used by the teachers to promote literacy development and the use of different teaching practices to achieve the desired objectives in this area. The results point to a gradual change on the part of teachers as to the methodology employed to promote literacy development, ranging from the traditional use of basic reading programs and reading readiness exercises to the use of varied and functional literacy materials and activities. As to the type of resources employed, the use of printed materials prevails, with some incursions into the use of multimedia programs.

The interactive multimedia story

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 09:54:43 +0100

In this article we reflect upon the educational possibilities of interactive multimedia stories. After analysing the origins and the evolution of stories, we studied the innovations introduced by the multimedia convergence, the hypertext and interactivity in stories with educational objectives within the Information Society. We are also presenting an interactive multimedia story project developed by the Master of Communication and Education at the UAB.

Sociability and identity in virtu@ls universes. The digitalization of reality in the new XXIst century generations

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 09:54:33 +0100

The Internet allows us to build a side-world where we invent and re-invent ourselves, relate to the world and face reality through a screen. The new generations are being socialized in virtual surroundings. Which will the consequences be? The step forward from the atom to the bit has determined a new form to see the outside. It has extended the capacity of memory and storage of the human being, but mainly it allows people to relate in a way which will change the idiosyncracy of the man. New technologies are shaping the man. They have already made his body infinite and free, marked by virtual processes that we do not even know. Young people of XXIth century are the digital generation.

The outdated Disney world: A proposal of critical analysis to work on at school

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 09:54:25 +0100

The image of innocence and the defence of moral values that Disney company sells make any attempt of a critical analysis of products such as Disney cartoon movies quite difficult. However, Disney culture fills up our lives aiming not only at entertaining but also educating us in some clearly conservative values. In this paper, stereotypes and values transmitted by these media products are reviewed and a specific proposal of analysis to work on at schools is presented.

Critical reading in the Internet: assessment and aplication of its resources

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 09:54:18 +0100

The Internet as a socio-telematic media should generate and increase educational processes. Teaching and reading practice in the Internet is very necessary in order to learn to interact critically. The development of skills to explote its potencial for a deep and thoughtful comprehension with the transference to other reading situations, interaction and navigation will help for an autonomous and imaginative person.

Women´s images in «Telva», a women´s magazine

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 09:54:11 +0100

Taking the field of specialized press as a starting point, this study aims at determining and understanding the mechanisms of representation employed by the press for women, also known as women´s magazines and women´s pages. Stereotypes, understood as a representation tool, determine the actual models and icones for women in women´s magazines, and besides, permit comparison with the real situation of the contemporary Spanish woman. This paper also argues about the correspondence between media stereotypes and social stereotypes used in the interviews published by «Telva» in almost 40 years.

The protagonism of the mass media in student’s education

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 09:54:03 +0100

The emergence of the media as a complementary school parallel to schools, invites the educational community to rethink about the most effective way to integrate media into the school curriculum in order to encourage and help students in their education. Through this relationship among mass media reality and students themselves, schools arises as the key where offering a correct media interpretation.

Treatment of women image in Venezuelan TV spots

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 09:53:56 +0100

This paper is a descriptive research about the women image in Venezuelan TV spots, through the analysis of roles, gender stereotypes and physical features. They show the predominance of sensual women, their reclusion in domestic environments and the representation of white, young and brunette women.

Televisión and viewers: the civil society is changing

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 09:53:48 +0100

The author reflects about the relevance of media education for nowadays citizens. He thinks that Primary and Secondary school have to be the place for that relevant education, trying to make the youngters creative receivers of the media. From this point of view, the paper goes on making a revision of the instruments developed by the CNICE in order to make it possible.

Discourse and socialization in children´s cinematographic productions

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 09:53:40 +0100

Understanding that cultural products for children transmit social representations and reproduce specific outlines of attitudes and behaviours, this paper focuses on the gender construction based on specific messages in children´s films. We analyze here, the 1991 Disney´s Company cartoon film «The Beauty and the best».

Telepsychodrama and school education: a teachers´talk

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 09:53:31 +0100

The telepsychodrama is a new cultural product. It comes from research that links Moreno´s ideas to the current TV and VCR technological resources. The paper results from this research. It investigates pedagogic properties of telepsychodrama in school teaching situations. This teaching resource presents, in the collective life of spontaneous preocesses, possibilities of overcoming difficulties experimented and outlined by the youth.

Colour as a communicative element, an issue on its acceptance or rejection among young people

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 09:53:24 +0100

This colour research is set out as a formal element whose presence influences the acceptance or rejection of written communication. The awareness of these preferences allow us to lay out more attractive designs to catch young people. There is a certain consensus about the fact that the use of colour is an added value in the communicative strategy, but the tone selection is a task which is delegated to the designers and is more the result of intuition rather than study. This research which is part of a doctoral thesis on the management of colour in the print media, is about the preferences and rejection that young people show in the use of colour.

Media, identities and communication. A community radio experience with native wichí people

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 09:53:17 +0100

This paper shows the impact experienced by the creation of a community radio station. We reduce some aspects related to the production of bilingual programmes. The major part of this production was under-taken by young people of the wichi community. This article synthesises the most important aspects related to the production of the bilingual programmes. By means of this participative process, we facilitate the ability of the aborigenes to develop their identity and the intercultural dialogue of great importance in the context of globalisation.

Interactive digital TV and its learning tools

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 09:53:08 +0100

Interactive Digital TV (IDTV) is a reality in the midst of the Information Society, is expected to allow the development of new interactive systems that may be useful in daily life as well as in other scopes such as education, politics and economics. The implications that IDTV requires to mature settles new challenges for both public and private authorities, and, demands also, new standards for other aspects such as technolgy applications, television industry, legal frames, social envioroments and education fields. This paper presents the basis of IDTV and also looks beyond to explore what are the outlines that can be used to provide an efficient broadcast and interactivity.

Media education, TIC education: some reflections from Latin America

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 09:53:00 +0100

Nowadays young people live in two very different worlds: one which is related to school and one which is related to the streets and the day-to-day life. Then, we can speak about two ways of education: a formal education that is ruled at schools and University, and an informal education that children learn out of the school. In this paper, we will focus on this relevant problem which causes many reflections and hopes on the future of Latin American education, in both formal and non formal contexts.

Media Education as a basis for civic education

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 09:52:53 +0100

Civic education emerges as a new subject in the Spanish school after the last reform of the currículo. What kind of citizens and what kind of education are we talking about when we promote civic education? This paper reflects upon these topics and asks for the role of media education in the upbringsing of a critical, active, creative citizenship. A case of study joining media education and civic education is the «Student Voices project» developed in some American schools.

Literates and knowledge: the digital literacy

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 09:52:46 +0100

The digital literacy is one of the principal challenges which education faces today. A real digital literacy does not consist of teaching only how to use a computer and different computer applications, but it must also offer the basic elements for the comprehension and managing of the language in which the programs are codified. The dilemma is to form a society of users of the technology or a society who incorporates one new way of conceiving and creating knowledge.

Historia de Gran Hermano

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 09:52:39 +0100

Communication and public health from adolescents’ point of view

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 09:52:29 +0100

This paper presents a study about the young, the use they do of mass media and the relationship they keep with health. Among other contributions, it is to be highlighted that the voice of young people can be heard in this article which, with the use of methodological triangulation, offers a rich information about how adolescents contact the media and interpret its messages.

Communication, health and adolescents

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 09:52:22 +0100

This paper deals with the use of communication as a strategy in public health programmes aimed at adolescents. It is based on widely developed programmes in Andalucia, which allows a reflection on the power communication has, either in terms of information or formation, to reinforce the healthy coexistence of a diversity of young people in a society of adult power.

Communicative and educational strategies to improve adolescents’ health

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 09:52:15 +0100

One of the challenges of the present century is to achieve adolescents and young adults’ complete development taking as a basis healthy behaviours and a culture of selfcare. On this basis in Toluca, a town in the State of Mexico, an interdisciplinary group has started an action programme dedicated to produce communicative and educational strategies to improve face-to-face and media interactions in order to promote a healthy behaviour in this group of population.

Vivo, ergo sum-sanus: communication studies facing Health as a construction of social knowledge

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 09:52:07 +0100

A constructive theoretical view of everyday topics (in this paper context, we mean health) allows us to spot on communication models and cultural features of important daily aspects. This paper holds health up as a model of knowledge inside cultural programme fields. By drawing on this theoretical and scientist communication context, the relationship between health and its development can be shown as a pattern of life, taking always into consideration social conditions.

Communication for health and AIDS: An educative-entertaining approach

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 09:52:00 +0100

This paper reviews the current state of the impact of entertainment-education contributions for AIDS prevention. Traditional information campaigns are being replaced by interventions based on narrative formats which merge entertainment with an educational content. The success of such interventions depends on the ability of the narrative formats to stimulate parasocial interaction and emotional involvement. It is also stated that one of the key factors to success is to promote discussion.

AIDS, globalisation and ontological security

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 09:51:52 +0100

The working hypothesis of this article is that many of the root causes of AIDS are intrinsically tied to the processes of globalisation. To develop efficient responses to AIDS requires more than conveying a clear message about sexual behaviour. It will often require broader strategies to empower the audiences to handle difficult conditions of everyday life. By drawing on post-colonial theory on the interrelation between media and migration, modernity and globalisation, this text seeks to re-assess the challenge of AIDS communication and prevention, suggesting a fundamental rethinking of current practice where the impacts of economic and cultural globalisation are taken into consideration.

Communication for health in Africa: experiences and challenges

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 09:51:45 +0100

This paper analyzes communication for health in Africa through some fields experiences. These education compaigns show that the communication approaches are little participative. They don’t take into account the socio–cultural reality of local communities and then face various methodological problems. Yet, if well conducted, health oriented communication can help to reduce the impact of recurrent health problems in Africa.

New approaches in health communication: a research exposure

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 09:51:37 +0100

This paper examines the most significant contributions in health communication on adolescents and young people developed inside the positivist and interpretativist com-municative currents. Analyzing the results obtained by both models, a new investigati-ve approach is required, which would focus on the risk understood as a symptom of uncertain times dominated by a multitude of symbolic mediated resources and as an essential ingredient to youth culture and their lifestyle.

Presentación de temas: Comunicación, música y tecnologías

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 09:51:29 +0100

Prolegómenos

Scipedia content — Fri, 29 Mar 2019 09:51:22 +0100

Reviews Caplletra 40

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 10:01:03 +0100

Reviews Caplletra 40 (Spring, 2006) Llúcia Martín, ressenya de Roger Friedlein & Sebastian Neumeister (ed.), Vestigia Fabularum. La mitologia antiga a les literatures catalana i castellana entre l'Edat Mitjana i la Moderna, Barcelona, Curial / Publicacions de l'Abadia de Montserrat, 2004, 254 pp.Ferran Archilés, ressenya de Rafael Roca, Teodor Llorente, el darrer patriarca, Alzira, Bromera / IIFV, 2004, 142 pp.Vicent Simbor Roig, ressenya de Joan Mas (dir.), Diccionari del teatre a les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca / Barcelona, Lleonard Muntaner Editor / Publicacions de l'Abadia de Montserrat, vol. I (2003), vol. II (2006), 525 i 440 pp.Tomàs Martínez Romero, ressenya d'Annamaria Annicchiarico, "Narracions en vers" catalane medievali. Appunti e materiali per una Guida bibliografica, Roma, Edizioni di Storia e Letteratura («Sussidi eruditi», 60), 2003, 99 pp.

Reviews Caplletra 41

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 10:00:55 +0100

Reviews Caplletra 41 (Autumn, 2006) Sandra Montserrat i Buendia, ressenya de Luis García Fernández (dir.), Diccionario de perífrasis verbales, Madrid, Gredos, 2006.Josep Daniel Climent, ressenya de Santi Cortés, Ensenyament i resistència cultural. Els Cursos de Llengua de Lo Rat Penat (1949-1975), Paiporta, Denes, 2006.Amadeu Viana, ressenya d'Antoni Maestre Brotons, Humor i persuasió: l'obra periodística de Quim Monzó, Alacant, Departament de Filologia Catalana («Biblioteca de Filologia Catalana», 15), 2006, 220 pp.Juan M. Ribera Llopis, ressenya de Carme Gregori Soldevila, Pere Calders: Tòpics i subversions de la tradició fantàstica, Barcelona, Publicacions de l'Abadia de Montserrat («Textos i Estudis de Cultura Catalana», 111), 2006, 291 pp.

Panoràmica de la traducció entre espanyol i català en els àmbits literari i audiovisual

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:28:32 +0100

In this article the current situation of translation between Catalan and Spanish is drawn into two areas of speciality strongly intertwined: the literary and the audiovisual one.
The aim is to approach to a translation practice which is hardly known and studied. It is a young practice, still a minority but with its own traits and characteristics. Young, because we have had to wait for Catalan to start its normalization process before being able to find translations between Catalan and Spanish; a minority because it is not present in all professional areas; and it is not prototypical because it is a type of translation which does not necessarily abide to the criteria of intelligibility (which is, after all, the reason for being of the translation): translate to make understand. In the case of Catalan and Spanish it does not always obey to this purpose because both languages are known by most speakers of the Catalan-speaking zones.
The present work provides a revision of two of the areas in which it is present nowadays, such as the literary and the audiovisual ones, with the purpose of making this type of translation known in order to fill in an obvious gap in translation Studies. In consequence, the reasons that explain its presence or absence (many of them linked to political decisions) will be analysed as well as the trends that can be examined.

(Re)producció, traducció i manipulació. Qüestions d'identitat i localització en un context valencià

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:28:26 +0100

The question of identity in Valencian Catalan writing is necessarily linked bothnto the language model («model de llengua») followed by authors in original works and in
translation, and to the dialogue of this model with actual local varieties. This articlenapproaches the question from the perspective of ideology in discourse, namely thenconstruction of a dialectics of belonging or not belonging, Us and Them, that is atnwork in any linguistic element and at all levels of language. In my discussion of such dialectics of cultural articulation and self-translation I present several examples of recontextualization with relevant ideological implications: intralinguistic translation
between contemporary Catalan-Valencian varieties, interlinguistic translation in the Valencian standard variety, and biased quotations / translations of medieval texts with a secessionist ideological purpose.

L'escriptor, de llengua en llengua. Joan Fuster i les traduccions

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:28:19 +0100

This work approaches the study of the relationship between the figure of the translator and that of the writer in the framework of translating activities related to the Catalan language. In the person of Joan Fuster both sides are combined: he is an author translated into other languages, such as Spanish, English or Italian and he is, at the same time, a translator himself of European literary works, especially of Ignazio Silone and particularly Albert Camus. Both figures appear in the 20th century literature as an example of the intellectual who struggled among intellectual freedom and social and political commitment.
The argument focuses on the active role Fuster had regarding the reception of European literature in the Catalan cultural area through the translations and selections he makes of a subject matter, central in his thinking of the fifties and sixties: the intellectual’s commitment. His text on Erasmus of Rotterdam is emblematic in this sense. The final question is about the current validity of Fuster’s reflections regarding translation into other languages.

La traducció i el dicurs mèdic: llums i ombres d'una relació històrica

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:28:13 +0100

This article studies the long term relationship between medical speech, on one hand, and translation practice on the other. The transfer from specialized knowledge between different people and cultures has usually been mediated by the praxis of translation from a language to another, especially since the Renaissance. The analysis of translated works gives us a report about the transmission, reformulation and transformation of knowledge, without forgetting the ideological factors that intervene in it, such as mechanisms of crossbreeding and domination. Besides the translators, other agents operate in the process: publishers, patronage or the reading public. Neither the texts, nor the diversity of genres which make up the medical speech, or the
specialized terminology, nor the knowledge and the attitudes about medicine are independent of these translation processes that the author exemplifies with several cases documented in history.

Materials per a l'anàlisi multilingüe i contrastiva de locucions, col·locacions i fraseologia. Un escandall quant a Ausiàs March i «Tirant lo Blanch»

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:28:07 +0100

This essay offers a sampling of a multilingual contrastive analysis of poems by Ausiàs March and the ones in «Tirant lo Blanch» (original versions and their respective translations) as regards locutions, collocations and phraseology. These elements are fully characteristic of the literary language of any author and, at the same time, they indicate his degree of command of his vehicular language or of the language for literary creation. In addition, they turn out to be important –and often problematic– questions as far as their translation is concerned, precisely because the text has to be
‘naturalised’ in the receiving language and its cultural tradition. And this is so because, while translating, the words and their nets of syntantic and semantic interdependence
have to be taken into account. As a consequence, the necessary elements to be able to calibrate in detail the clauses of morphosyntactic and semantic commitment at
syntagmatic reach will be available. Therefore, it will be feasible to carry out case analysis regarding ‘environments’ or essential attributes for the characterization –and the understanding– of the literary language of our reference authors.

Connectors i intencionalitat des de la perspectiva traductora: el cas de «pourtant»

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:28:00 +0100

The article sets out to relate the intentional element of discursive activity with some translating strategies, starting on the basis that the translated text, which is subjected to the demands of a prior communicative act, is a good tool to highlight both the intentional capacity of some linguistic resources and their constraints.
Many grammatical forms have an important role, as much or more than the one associated with lexical elements in the creation of this purpose. As a consequence, this paper is based on the analysis of the translation of the French connector pourtant into Catalan and Spanish in a corpus of literary texts and its respective translations. Particularly, it focuses on those ones which, despite their correctness at formal level, have discarded intentional aspects, so they have given rise to an eroded translation from the communicative point of view. At the same time, this work can be used to discover some semantic-pragmatic nuances attached to the connector pourtant that are more difficult to notice from a monolingual perspective.

El nou paradigma dels estudis de Traducció (notes arran d'un article de Mona Baker)

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:27:54 +0100

This introduction tries to contextualize Mona Baker’s article in this same issue by revising her personal evolution in the field of Translation Studies, as well as by introducing some of the key notions tackled in her paper. The introduction mainly deals with the turn of Translation Studies into a new ideological paradigm which tries to overcome the alleged scientific and aseptic methodology of Descriptive Translation Studies. The concepts of descriptive methodology, ideology, frame and narrative theory are also discussed, with some examples of recent events. Attention is also paid to the Catalan context, where translations and language use also obey to certain ideological and political agendas.

«Traductologia i discurs». Introducció al monogràfic

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:27:48 +0100

La passió pel real i la reacció contra la metàfora en la poètica de Salvador Dalí

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:27:42 +0100

Between 1927 and 1937, Dalí was author of a remarkable work of poetry simultaneous to his paintings. This article attempts at analysing the theoretical corpus in which his work is based on. Dali’s ideas about poetry were always determined by the same objectivist ambition and a permanent interest in reality, in convergence with scientific research. Against the cunning arguments the painter ascribes to metaphorical processes, it will be imposed, at first, the knowledge of the outside world, thanks to Bergson and, later, the investigation of the internal world due to Freud’s sponsorship, as a result of the incorporation of Surrealism. In the last analysis, this article aims at being an innovative approach to Dali’s poetry from the theory of knowledge.

Ausiàs March, en anglès i en prosa

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:27:35 +0100

In this study we analyze the English translations of Ausiàs March already carried out (Terry, Conejero-Ribes-Keown, Wittlin and Archer), and we pay attention to the criteria and the solutions used. Here the emphasis is on those questions related to the
lexicosemantic choice that determines the general strategy of the new translation into prose that the author of this study has carried out for IVITRA. The article is also concerned about the interaction between translation and the improvement of the
knowledge of the original itself, as a consequence of translating it and having to understand it completely, even up to the point of proposing some amendments to the criticophylologic fixation.

Cómo mirar una parte del mundo: el vocabulario del cuerpo en una lengua amerindia

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:27:29 +0100

This paper analyses the vocabulary of body parts in Cha’palaachi, an Amerindian language of the Republic of Ecuador. A number of basic roots refers to (a) forms or (b)
parts of the body, although in some cases reference is made to general areas more than to specific parts. These areas, as well as the general vocabulary of forms, points to the importance of spatial elements in Cha’palaachi, which is also identifiable in other parts of the vocabulary and grammar. A significant point is that the body-part terms are organised on the basis of the reference to form, in such a way that the body-part element itself is only of secondary importance. Metaphorical and metonymic extension
is more frequently applied to these form-terms than to the body-part terms proper.

Contraintes et libertés textuelles

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:27:22 +0100

The article starts from a conception of language according to which the semiotic units that speakers use do not emanate from individual mental processes but from the socialization of representation instruments which, being individual elements initially, have later been involved in processes of communicative circulation. In the same way that, in each language, verbal uses are limited by a series of restrictions in the constitution of some phonic, lexical or morphosyntactic structures, there are also some other constraints that affect textual genres. This means that these are the product of the history of the uses of language and that they work at a praxeologic level. These ideas apply to the study of expression of temporality in the story (récit) and in the narration (narration), with exemplification taken from real texts, mostly of literary character. Both in ordinary verbal work and in literary work, the freedom of the style works on
some pre-existent textual models which have to be known and mastered in order to adapt them to the specific conditions of each ordinary verbal action or literary production.

Llorenç Vilallonga: la ironia o la civilització

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:27:16 +0100

In the present article the author studies the importance of irony in Llorenç Villalonga’s work using as a touchstone the novel «Flo la Vigne». In the first place he analyzes the conception of irony that the writer has: a tool for approaching the world and a virtue that characterizes the person or the civilization that possesses it. Secondly, he examines the practice of irony in the aforesaid novel: verbal irony (antiphrasis, paradox, «reductio ad absurdum»...) and the narratologic irony in a wide sense, including the paratextual and the intertextual one. Special attention is paid to the conception of transmitter of information, which has diverse voices and narrative levels. Finally, it relates Villalonga’s irony to modern irony.

Ironia i metadiscurs en el teatre català actual, a propòsit d'«Elsa Schneider», de Sergi Belbel

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:27:10 +0100

This article has as its goal to analyze the dramatic text «Elsa Schneider» (1987), by Sergi Belbel, starting from the concept of irony of contrast between text and context of communication. This ironic resource is conveyed through the different composition of the three sequences of monologues in which the work is structured. With this resource the author offers an approach to a metadiscursive subject matter which revolves around scenic communication and theatrical genres.

Ironies de l'assaig. Ors, Pla, Fuster: història intel·lectual de l'adhesió incompleta

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:27:04 +0100

The main goal of this article is to bring up the topic of irony in the essay as a literary genre, based on the considerations made by Eugeni d’Ors, Josep Pla and Joan Fuster. The emergence of the definition of irony as an incomplete adhesion, which refers to Ors although it has lasted especially through Pla, is revised here; the intellectual history of the definition is analyzed in order to consider in which moment Fuster’s essay relates to it and, taking irony as a starting point, it gives a boost to ontemporary Catalan essay.

Metaficció irònica a «Estremida memòria», de Jesús Moncada

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:26:57 +0100

The reception of Jesús Moncada’s work at the beginning of his literary career was determined by the debate between «rural novel» and «urban novel», up to the point of directing its reading towards an elegiac dimension, at the expense of other distinctive traits of greater importance. In this sense, Moncada’s work has been understood, in an almost exclusive way, as a literary recording of the collective memory. The present article suggests a different reading of «Estremida memòria», in order to discover the essenciality of the irony in the author’s world, in this case, through the characteristic procedures of metafiction: metalepsi and metatextuality. The recreation of Mequinenza’s
history is in the background, according to the reflection on the process of writing and on the mechanisms of capturing and reproducing this reality by means of Literature

Ubiqüitat de la ironia –o, si més no, alguns dels seus usos entre els poetes actuals

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:26:51 +0100

The incidence of irony in the genre of lyric poetry has caused some special effects, mainly after modernity turned this disposition of thought into an irreplaceable element when, thanks to the contribution of the Romantic poet Friedrich Schlegel, complicities between poets and readers were stipulated. The present article tries to evaluate the validity of these presuppositions by studying the use of ironic procedures in the poetic texts of a number of authors of great importance now. The relevance of the authors analyzed is justified not only by the poets’ relation to an absolute diversity of styles and programs, but also, by the fact that it is able to represent all the literary generations that are currently producing Catalan poetry. The paper, therefore, aims at characterizing the features of poetic irony, and also, by virtue of its synchronic division, at giving accounts of up to what extent the resource is adapted to the expressive necessities of Catalan poetry at the present moment.

Arabesques des images de l'ironie

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:26:45 +0100

The author of this article analyzes the field of images of irony, starting from some Douglas C. Muecke’s works and some other personal analyses developed in «Poétique de l’ironie». He questions himself about the tension that exists between a possible archetypal image of irony, which would provide a vertical relationship of power, and its most recent images, which would highlight the fundamental ambiguity of the phenomenon.
Between rhetoric and hermeneutics, between violence and conciliation, the outline of an arabesque of irony is defined, which allows us to organize the field of study around the notion of symmetry. Resuming important commentaries made by Sören Kierkegaard and Connop Thirlwell, the analysis focuses upon a certain number of concrete images -engravings, drawings, photographs...- that have been suggested throughout the time so as to explain the nature and the functioning of irony. At the same time, the author
uses the opportunity to examine, within the specific context of irony, the notions of purpose and sense.

Usos de la ironia en la literatura catalana contemporània

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:26:38 +0100

Introducció al monogràfic

Aspectes sintàctics de l'occità antic comparats amb els del català

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:26:32 +0100

The existence of a two cases declension system in medieval Occitan, which lacked in Catalan, was one of the most remarkable differences between both languages. This
distinction arises when comparing the homilies from Tortosa, in Occitan, to the ones from Organyà, which are the Catalan translation from Occitan texts.

Sobre alguns contrastos fonològics en l'entonació del català

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:26:26 +0100

The main goal of this article is to provide evidence in favor of the phonological character of some intonational contrasts in Catalan. First, the article shows that tonal alignment differences with respect to metrically strong positions are crucial for the distinction between a yes-no question and a wh-question (cf. "¿Que l’ha llogada?" vs. "¿Qui l’ha llogada?") and between a command and a request ("¡Vine!" vs. "¡Vine!") in Central Catalan. Second, the article reports the major results from the application of the Categorical Perception Paradigm to a pitch height contrast in Majorcan Catalan
(Vanrell 2006a). Experimental resuls show that a small variation in the pitch height of the pretonic syllable is an important perceptual cue in distinguishing yes-no questions from wh-questions in this dialect ("¿Que l’hi duries?" vs. "¿Què li duries?"). The Catalan data demonstrate that small phonetic changes in pitch alignment and pitch scaling can be
crucial in the perception of intonation contours. Crucially, the data call for a revision of the autosegmental-metrical (AM) model of intonation: while the AM model predicts that differences in tonal alignment have the potential of creating phonological contrasts, it does not allow for phonological differences in pitch range.

El «llibre cortés de lectura» en català: a propòsit del manuscrit F-129 del Col·legi de la Sapiència de Palma

Scipedia content — Fri, 15 Mar 2019 09:26:19 +0100

The manuscript F-129 of the Col·legi de la Sapiència de Palma contains three works of Ramon Llull. It is made up of two separate manuscripts belonging to the first generation of Lullian codices (that is, not later than the first quarter of the fourteenth
century). This collection is preceded by a remarkable full-page illustration, an analysis of which shows that it was probably based on a similar miniature from a French codex emanating from Llull’s immediate circle. The codicological model applicable to this manuscrit is that of «libro cortese di lettura».

La recontextualització del conflicte en traducció

Scipedia content — Thu, 14 Mar 2019 16:34:21 +0100

This article draws on narrative theory and the notion of framing, the latter as developed in the literature on social movements, to explore various ways in which translators and interpreters accentuate, undermine or modify contested aspects of the narrative(s) encoded in the source text or utterance. Starting with an outline of the assumptions and strengths of a narrative framework compared to existing theories of translation, the article goes on to define the concept of framing in the context of activist discourse. It then outlines some of the sites – or points in and around the text – at which (re)framing may be achieved and offers various examples of framing strategies used in written and screen translation. The examples are drawn from translations between English and Arabic in the context of the Middle East conflict and the so-called War on Terror, but the theoretical issues outlined are not language- or context-specific.

Modeling bed erosion in free surface flows by the particle finite element method

María Jesús Samper — Tue, 05 Mar 2019 10:29:23 +0100

We present a general formulation for modeling bed erosion in free surface flows using the particle finite element method (PFEM). The key feature of the PFEM is the use of an updated Lagrangian description to model the motion of nodes (particles) in domains containing fluid and solid subdomains. Nodes are viewed as material points (called particles) which can freely move and even separate from the fluid and solid subdomains representing, for instance, the effect of water drops or soil/rock particles. A mesh connects the nodes defining the discretized domain in the fluid and solid regions where the governing equations, expressed in an integral form, are solved as in the standard FEM. The necessary stabilization for dealing with the incompressibility of the fluid is introduced via the finite calculus (FIC) method. An incremental iterative scheme for the solution of the nonlinear transient coupled fluid-structure problem is described. The erosion mechanism is modeled by releasing the material adjacent to the bed surface according to the frictional work generated by the fluid shear stresses. The released bed material is subsequently transported by the fluid flow. Examples of application of the PFEM to solve a number of bed erosion problems involving large motions of the free surface and splashing of waves are presented.

Fractional step like schemes for free surface problems with thermal coupling using the Lagrangian PFEM

María Jesús Samper — Thu, 20 Dec 2018 13:32:30 +0100

The method presented in Aubry et al. (Comput Struc 83:1459–1475, 2005) for the solution of an incompressible viscous fluid flow with heat transfer using a fully Lagrangian description of motion is extended to three dimensions (3D) with particular emphasis on mass conservation. A modified fractional step (FS) based on the pressure Schur complement (Turek 1999), and related to the class of algebraic splittings Quarteroni et al. (Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 188:505–526, 2000), is used and a new advantage of the splittings of the equations compared with the classical FS is highlighted for free surface problems. The temperature is semi-coupled with the displacement, which is the main variable in a Lagrangian description. Comparisons for various mesh Reynolds numbers are performed with the classical FS, an algebraic splitting and a monolithic solution, in order to illustrate the behaviour of the Uzawa operator and the mass conservation. As the classical fractional step is equivalent to one iteration of the Uzawa algorithm performed with a standard Laplacian as a preconditioner, it will behave well only in a Reynold mesh number domain where the preconditioner is efficient. Numerical results are provided to assess the superiority of the modified algebraic splitting to the classical FS.

FIC/FEM Formulation with Matrix Stabilizing Terms for Incompressible Flows at Low and High Reynolds Numbers

María Jesús Samper — Thu, 20 Dec 2018 13:22:57 +0100

We present a general formulation for incompressible fluid flow analysis using the finite element method. The necessary stabilization for dealing with convective effects and the incompressibility condition are introduced via the Finite Calculus method using a matrix form of the stabilization parameters. This allows to model a wide range of fluid flow problems for low and high Reynolds numbers flows without introducing a turbulence model. Examples of application to the analysis of incompressible flows with moderate and large Reynolds numbers are presented.

CBS‐based stabilization in explicit solid dynamics

María Jesús Samper — Mon, 17 Dec 2018 12:02:30 +0100

The characteristic‐based split (CBS) stabilization procedure developed originally in fluid mechanics has been adapted successfully to solid mechanics problems. The CBS algorithm has been implemented within a finite element program using an explicit time integration scheme. Volumetric locking of linear triangular and tetrahedral elements has been successfully eliminated. The performance of the numerical algorithm is illustrated with numerical results. Comparisons with an alternative stabilization technique based on the finite calculus method also are given. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Obituary

María Jesús Samper — Mon, 17 Dec 2018 11:52:26 +0100

Professor E. M. Alf Samuelsson from Chalmers University, Göteborg, Sweden, died on the 3rd of June 2005 at the age of 75 after a lengthy illness. Professor Samuelsson was an engineer with Professor Sven-Olof Asplund’s ConstructionCompany from 1952 to the time he joined Chalmers University in September 1954. In 1963 he completed his doctoral thesis with Professor Asplund on the subject of analysis of framedstructures by use of algebraic topology. He was beloved by students, colleagues and co-workersand was known as ‘Alf’ by all. Through his foresight and deep knowledge in many fields Alfcreated a strong group in Computational Mechanics at Chalmers University, which he led until his retirement in July 1994. Under his leadership the Department of Structural Mechanics flourished and has been widely recognized for its many scientific contributions. Alf supervised a large number of doctoral students of which nine have become professors. Alf was, formany years, the Dean of Research at Chalmers and has contributed much to the University’s development.

On the simulation of flows with violent free surface motion

María Jesús Samper — Fri, 23 Nov 2018 13:43:24 +0100

A volume of fluid (VOF) technique has been developed and coupled with an incompressible Euler/Navier–Stokes solver operating on adaptive, unstructured grids to simulate the interactions of extreme waves and three-dimensional structures. The present implementation follows the classic VOF implementation for the liquid–gas system, considering only the liquid phase. Extrapolation algorithms to obtain velocities and pressure in the gas region near the free surface have been implemented. The VOF technique is validated against the classic dam-break problem, as well as series of 2D sloshing experiments and results from smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) calculations. These and a series of other examples demonstrate that the present CFD method is capable of simulating violent free surface flows with strong nonlinear behavior.

To mesh or not to mesh. That is the question. . .

María Jesús Samper — Fri, 23 Nov 2018 13:33:58 +0100

In the last decade a family of methods called meshless methods has been developed both for structural and fluid mechanics problems.
After these ideas, a possible classification for numerical formulations may be to separate the methods that make use of a standard finite
element mesh (such as those made of tetrahedra or hexahedra), from those that do not need a standard mesh, namely the meshless methods.
For solving a partial different equation by a numerical method, a possible alternative may be either to use a mesh method or a meshless
method. This paper discusses this issue to show that this choice is not, in the large majorities of the cases, the right question.

Advances in stabilized finite element and particle methods for bulk forming processes

María Jesús Samper — Thu, 18 Oct 2018 15:11:16 +0200

The paper describes some recent developments in finite element and particle methods for analysis of a wide range of bulk forming processes. The developments include new stabilized linear triangles and tetrahedra using finite calculus and a new procedure combining particle methods and finite element methods. Applications of the new numerical methods to casting, forging and other bulk metal forming problems and mixing processes are shown.

Rotation-free finite element for the non-linear analysis of beams and axisymmetric shells

María Jesús Samper — Wed, 17 Oct 2018 13:49:23 +0200

In this paper a finite element for the non-linear analysis of two dimensional beams and axisymmetric shells is presented. The element uses classical thin shell assumptions (no transverse shear strains). The main feature of the element is that it has no rotational degrees of freedom. Curvatures are computed using geometrical information from the patch of three elements formed by the main element and the two neighbour (adjacent) elements. Special attention is devoted to non-smooth geometries and branching shells. An elastic-plastic material law is considered. Large strains are treated using a logarithmic strain measure and a through-the-thickness numerical integration of the constitutive equations. Several examples are presented including linear problems to study convergence properties, and non-linear problems for both elastic and elastic-plastic materials and large strains.

Finite element formulation for convective-diffusive problems with sharp gradients using finite calculus

María Jesús Samper — Thu, 11 Oct 2018 14:56:22 +0200

A finite element method (FEM) for steady-state convective-diffusive problems presenting sharp gradients of the solution both in the interior of the domain and in boundary layers is presented. The necessary stabilization of the numerical solution is provided by the Finite Calculus (FIC) approach. The FIC method is based in the solution by the Galerkin FEM of a modified set of governing equations which include characteristic length parameters. It is shown that the FIC balance equation for the multidimensional convection-diffusion problem written in the principal curvature axes of the solution, introduces an orthotropic diffusion which stabilizes the numerical solution both in smooth regions as well in the vicinity of sharp gradients. The dependence of the stabilization terms with the principal curvature directions of the solution makes the method non linear. Details of the iterative scheme to obtain stabilized results are presented together with examples of application which show the efficiency and accuracy of the approach.

Stabilized formulation for the advection-diffusion-absorption equation using finite calculus and linear finite elements

María Jesús Samper — Thu, 11 Oct 2018 14:47:02 +0200

A stabilized finite element method (FEM) for the steady state advection-diffusion-absorption equation is presented. The stabilized formulation is based on the modified governing differential equations derived via the Finite Calculus (FIC) method. The basis of the method is detailed for the 1D problem. It is shown that the stabilization terms act as a non linear additional diffusion governed by a single stabilization parameter. A critical constant value of this parameter ensuring a stabilized solution using two node linear elements is given. More accurate numerical results can be obtained by using a simple expression of the non linear stabilization parameter depending on the signs of the numerical solution and of its derivatives. A straightforward two steps algorithm yielding a stable and accurate solution for all the range of physical parameters and boundary conditions is described. The extension to the multi-dimensional case is briefly described. Numerical results for 1D and 2D problems are presented showing the efficiency and accuracy of the new stabilized formulation.

Fluid-structure interaction using the Particle Finite Element Method

María Jesús Samper — Tue, 09 Oct 2018 13:50:01 +0200

In the present work a new approach to solve fluid-structure interaction problems is described. Both, the equations of motion for fluids and for solids have been approximated using a material (lagrangian) formulation. To approximate the partial differential equations representing the fluid motion, the shape functions introduced by the Meshless Finite Element Method (MFEM) have been used. Thus, the continuum is discretized into particles that move under body forces (gravity) and surface forces (due to the interaction with neighboring particles). All the physical properties such as density, viscosity, conductivity, etc., as well as the variables that define the temporal state such as velocity and position and also other variables like temperature are assigned to the particles and are transported with the particle motion. The so called Particle Finite Element Method (PFEM) provides a very advantageous and efficient way for solving contact and free-surface problems, highly simplifying the treatment of fluid-structure interactions. '''Key words: '''Fluid-Structure interaction, Particle methods, Lagrange formulations, Incompressible Fluid Flows, Meshless Methods, Finite Element Method.

Error estimation and mesh adaptivity in incompressible viscous flows using a residual power approach

María Jesús Samper — Tue, 09 Oct 2018 12:49:32 +0200

A methodology for error estimation and mesh adaptation for finite element (FE) analysis of incompressible viscous flow is presented. The error estimation method is based on the evaluation of the energy rate (the power) of the FE residuals of the momentum and incompressibility equations. The residuals are computed using recovered values of the derivatives of the velocity and pressure variable obtained via a nodal derivative recovery technique. Two mesh adaptation procedures based on: a) the equi-distribution of the residual power among the elements in the mesh and b) the equi-distribution of the density of the total residual power are presented. The stabilized form of the Navier-Stokes equations using a finite calculus (FIC) formulation is solved with a fractional step FE scheme. This allows the use of linear triangles and tetrahedra with an equal order interpolation for the velocity and pressure variables. A nodal-based approach is used for computing the residual power integrals. The examples show the ability of the error estimation and the mesh adaptation process to capture the high gradients of the solution in the vecinity of boundary layers and in zones of high vorticity of the fluid for both steady state and transient flow situations.

Análisis dinámico de mástiles arriostrados

Scipedia content — Wed, 28 Jun 2017 10:56:14 +0200

En este trabajo se estudia la respuesta dinámica de mástiles arriostrados comúnmente utilizados en telecomunicaciones, mediciones meteorológicas y aún, más recientemente, en líneas de transmisión eléctrica. Para llevar a cabo simulaciones numéricas de una manera simple se modela el mástil reticulado de tres o cuatro caras como una vigacolumna apoyada sobre un conjunto de soportes no-lineales y sin masa que representan el sistema de riendas. El efecto de segundo orden de las fuerzas de compresión en la dirección del mástil se tiene en cuenta mediante el uso de una matriz de rigidez geométrica. Los cables que representan el conjunto de apoyos elásticos se idealizan usando el modelo parabólico clásico, válido para cables con flecha pequeña. El sistema estructural aquí presentado tiene dos grados de libertad por nudo: el desplazamiento transversal y la rotación de los nudos en los cuales se ha discretizado el sistema. Primero se estudia estáticamente la variación de la rigidez horizontal de un nudo arriostrado en función de la pretensión de montaje y del desplazamiento horizontal de dicho nudo. Para tener en cuenta el valor instantáneo de la rigidez, que es función de los desplazamientos, se desarrolló un algoritmo que permite integrar numéricamente e interactivamente en el dominio del tiempo el sistema de ecuaciones diferenciales que describe al sistema dinámico no lineal. Finalmente, se comparan resultados provistos por el modelo totalmente no lineal de los cables con aquellos provistos por linealizaciones habitualmente utilizadas en la práctica.

Ayudas gráficas para la determinación de derivas en edificios de muros portantes de mampostería estructural

Scipedia content — Wed, 28 Jun 2017 10:56:11 +0200

El sistema de muros portantes de mampostería estructural ha sido extensamente utilizado en Colombia en los últimos años en la construcción de edificios entre 5 y 10 pisos destinados a vivienda. El método de análisis estructural más empleado sólo permite obtener los esfuerzos de diseño en los elementos que forman el sistema estructural resistente a cargas laterales, teniendo que recurrir al uso de programas de análisis estructural para determinar las deformaciones elásticas laterales de la estructura. El presente artículo expone la metodología desarrollada, así como los resultados obtenidos del análisis sísmico realizado a 8 tipos de edificios de muros portantes de mampostería estructural. Como resultado se presentan las diferentes ayudas gráficas que correlacionan las derivas de piso con: (1) el índice de muros, (2) la rigidez de piso aportada por los muros y, (3) la relación Σ Ii / A siendo Ii el momento de inercia de cada muro i calculado con respecto al eje al cual se produce la flexión y A es el área total del piso en consideración.

Dimensionamento do reforço à torção de vigas retangulares e em caixão de concreto armado com compósitos de fibra de carbono

Scipedia content — Wed, 28 Jun 2017 10:56:07 +0200

As pesquisas sobre reforço de estruturas de concreto à torção com compósitos de fibra de carbono (CFC) são escassas, e não se encontram no mesmo nível de conhecimento do que as pesquisas sobre reforço à flexão e à força cortante. O reforço à torção é pouco usual, mas é possível realizar esse reforço com CFC em vigas de concreto armado. Neste trabalho adota-se a sistemática do Eurocode 2, a qual é fundamentada no Modelo da Treliça Espacial.

Curvas de fragilidad para estructuras de hormigón armado y comparación con HAZUS

Scipedia content — Wed, 28 Jun 2017 10:56:04 +0200

Mediante el análisis no lineal de 692 casos de estructuras de hormigón armado constituidas por vigas y columnas, de uno a seis pisos y sometidas a nueve registros sísmicos medidos en Colombia y con aceleración máxima del suelo mayor a 0.1 g, se presentan curvas de fragilidad de desplazamiento lateral máximo. Las curvas se comparan con las reportadas por el programa HAZUS y curvas de fragilidad de la deriva máxima de piso. La geometría, armado (o refuerzos) y los materiales de las estructuras responden a la forma como se construye en el Ecuador. Se presentan curvas de fragilidad para cuatro niveles de daño sísmico denominados: leve, moderado, extenso y completo.

Daños estructurales causados por el huracán Katrina en Mississippi

Scipedia content — Wed, 28 Jun 2017 10:56:00 +0200

Este artículo resume algunos de los daños estructurales observados en una visita realizada siete semanas después del paso del huracán Katrina por el sur de Mississippi. Se enfatizan los daños a las estructuras diseñadas por ingenieros. Pudo apreciarse que la marejada ciclónica fue la causante de la mayoría de los daños en esa zona. Las estructuras de estacionamiento construidas con elementos prefabricados y las estructuras de vigas y losas postensadas experimentaron daños importantes. Se ilustran casos de estructuras impactadas por barcazas y de estructuras de construcción mixta, y se resalta la diferencia entre el daño causado por el agua vs. el daño causado por el viento.

Daños en tanques de almacenamiento de combustible debidos al huracán Rita

Scipedia content — Wed, 28 Jun 2017 10:55:56 +0200

Este trabajo presenta las observaciones de daños en tanques de acero de refinerías de petróleo y granjas de tanques, que fueron observados durante las misiones de reconocimiento llevadas a cabo en los estados de Texas y Louisiana con posteridad al huracán Rita en 2005. Se definieron niveles cualitativos de daño usando cuatro categorías basadas en performance. Se muestra evidencia de daño usando fotografías tomadas durante la misión de reconocimiento en octubre de 2005. Los daños debido al huracán Rita ocurrieron casi exclusivamente debido a acción directa del viento. El daño por viento ocurrió en la forma de pandeo de la cáscara o daño en la capa de aislamiento de la cáscara. Se identifican necesidades de investigación basadas en los modos de falla observados.

Daños en tanques de almacenamiento de combustible debidos al huracán Katrina

Scipedia content — Wed, 28 Jun 2017 10:55:52 +0200

Este trabajo describe daños estructurales observados en tanques de almacenamiento de combustible localizados en el estado de Louisiana, que fueron visitados por investigadores de la Universidad de Puerto Rico en Mayagüez (UPRM) luego del paso del huracán Katrina en el año 2005. Aunque existen varios componentes en una refinería, este artículo se limita al comportamiento de tanques de acero sobre el terreno, ya que ha sido un tema estudiado en detalle en la UPRM. La evidencia de los daños fue recopilada por medio de fotografías tomadas durante la misión de reconocimiento entre los meses de octubre y noviembre de 2005 y por fotografías tomadas por las agencias Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), US Coast Guard y el US Army. Tanques localizados en dirección del paso del huracán Katrina sufrieron daños estructurales debido a las presiones de viento (por ejemplo en Port Sulphur, Louisiana), aunque el mayor daño y las mayores consecuencias ocurrieron debido a inundaciones producidas días después del paso del huracán (Chalmette, Louisiana). Las inundaciones provocaron que algunos tanques quedaran desconectados de sus fundaciones y se trasladaran de su posición original. Nuevas necesidades de investigación fueron identificadas basadas en los modos de falla observados.

Daños causados por el huracán Katrina en Biloxi, Mississippi

Scipedia content — Wed, 28 Jun 2017 10:55:49 +0200

El huracán Katrina causó gran destrucción en la ciudad costera de Biloxi del Estado de Mississippi. La destrucción afectó viviendas, la infraestructura, y edificaciones comerciales, tanto en la costa como a cientos de metros tierra adentro. La evidencia de fallas causadas por erosión es escasa y los sistemas geotécnicos se comportaron satisfactoriamente en general. Las fallas estructurales afectaron tanto a viviendas familiares como a grandes estructuras, tales como puentes, barcazas de casinos y parques de tanques. La información compilada en este estudio documenta estos casos y permite evaluar los mecanismos de falla. La mayoría de las fallas fueron el resultado del efecto combinado de la inundación y el oleaje.

Los deslizamientos submarinos producidos por hidratos de gas

Scipedia content — Wed, 28 Jun 2017 10:55:45 +0200

Editorial: Los deslizamientos submarinos producidos por hidratos de gas

Comportamiento dinámico de depósitos aluviales en Colombia

Scipedia content — Wed, 28 Jun 2017 10:55:41 +0200

En este artículo se presentan las principales características de dos arenas de origen aluvial (Tumaco y Cali) potencialmente licuables, que históricamente han sido sometidas a cargas dinámicas generadas por sismos. Los dos depósitos se encuentran ubicados en áreas de amenaza sísmica alta, por lo que las aceleraciones máximas esperadas en roca fluctúan entre 0.2g y 0.3g. La caracterización de los depósitos granulares se realizó mediante pruebas de campo, complementados con ensayos de laboratorio, con el fin de validar correlaciones propuestas para estas pruebas de campo. Finalmente, se presentan las características físicas y geomecánicas de las arenas de estos depósitos.

Caracterización geomecánica de suelos granulares gruesos

Scipedia content — Wed, 28 Jun 2017 10:55:37 +0200

Uno de los principales problemas cuando se enfrentan proyectos donde se involucran suelos granulares gruesos es la falta de equipos para ensayar probetas de grandes dimensiones. Luego, resulta atractiva la idea de poder utilizar la parte menos gruesa del material original y ensayar ésta como equivalente del suelo original. En este artículo se presentan resultados experimentales obtenidos en cinco suelos gruesos, aplicando la técnica de la gradación homotética, los cuales muestran la aplicabilidad y limitaciones de esta metodología. Adicionalmente, se describe la técnica de extracción de probetas "inalteradas" de 60cm de diámetro por 120cm de altura en un suelo gravoso y se presentan los resultados obtenidos en ensayos triaxiales CID como parámetros de resistencia al corte y coeficiente de empuje horizontal en reposo Ko.