Documents published in 2001 : Scipedia

Tank waste transport pipeline plugging and the prospects for reducing the risk of waste transfers
T. Welch

Collection of open reports in transport research (2001). 4

Abstract
This report provides an overview of the capabilities and limitations of some current models being applied to the analysis of waste transfers; identifies the modeling capabilities needed to reduce the risk of pipeline plugging during tank waste transfers; and summarizes ongoing, planned, and future work needed to add these capabilities. Development of improved waste transport modeling tools with these capabilities will also help with waste transfer planning and evaluation, process control, and diagnosis of plugging events. Other potential applications include evaluation of waste-mixing scenarios, analysis of waste transfer stability, analysis of waste-unplugging alternatives, minimization of water addition, maximization of system availability, evaluation of risk-reduction strategies, and evaluation of cost-reduction strategies. Document type: Report
Abstract
This report provides an overview of the capabilities and limitations of some current models being applied to the analysis of waste transfers; identifies the modeling capabilities [...]
- 0
- read
Wax point determinations using acoustic resonance spectroscopy
D. Bostick, R. Jubin, T. Schmidt

Collection of open reports in transport research (2001). 3

Abstract
The thermodynamic characterization of the wax point of a given crude is essential in order to maintain flow conditions that prevent plugging of undersea pipelines. This report summarizes the efforts made towards applying an Acoustic Cavity Resonance Spectrometer (ACRS) to the determination of pressures and temperatures at which wax precipitates from crude. Phillips Petroleum Company, Inc., the CRADA participant, supplied the ACRS. The instrumentation was shipped to Dr. Thomas Schmidt of ORNL, the CRADA contractor, in May 2000 after preliminary software development performed under the guidance of Dr. Samuel Colgate and Dr. Evan House of the University of Florida, Gainesville, FL. Upon receipt it became apparent that a number of modifications still needed to be made before the ACRS could be precisely and safely used for wax point measurements. This report reviews the sequence of alterations made to the ACRS, as well as defines the possible applications of the instrumentation once the modifications have been completed. Document type: Report
Abstract
The thermodynamic characterization of the wax point of a given crude is essential in order to maintain flow conditions that prevent plugging of undersea pipelines. This report [...]
- 0
- read
Material balance assessment for double shell tank waste pipeline transfer
Y. Onishi, B. Wells, S. Hartley, C. Enderlin, M. White

Collection of open reports in transport research (2001). 2

Abstract
PNNL developed a material balance assessment methodology based on conservation of mass for detecting leaks and mis-routings in pipeline transfer of double-shell tank waste at Hanford. The main factors causing uncertainty in these transfers are variable property and tank conditions of density, existence of crust, and surface disturbance due to mixer pump operation during the waste transfer. The methodology was applied to three waste transfers from Tanks AN-105 and AZ-102. Document type: Report
Abstract
PNNL developed a material balance assessment methodology based on conservation of mass for detecting leaks and mis-routings in pipeline transfer of double-shell tank waste [...]
- 0
- read
Interpreting ODP Viewpoint Specification: Observations from a Case Study
C. Taylor, E. Boiten, J. Derrick

Collection of open chapters of books in transport research (2001). Vol. 2001, 22

Abstract
Open Distributed Processing (ODP) is a framework for specifying open distributed systems, under development by the International Standards Organisation (ISO). It is based on the general idea of viewpoints - i.e. partial specifications of an overall system, from different perspectives - but assumes five specific, named viewpoints, which are described informally in the ODP Reference Model (RM-ODP). This paper summarises some observations regarding an attempt to use ODP to specify a complex air traffic control system. Some of the key issues that arise are discussed further in the context of the formal specification of a simpler, idealised model, involving two formalised viewpoints - the Information Viewpoint (a high-level, abstract specification, in Z), and the Computational Viewpoint (a specification of distributed components and objects, in Object-Z). Document type: Book
Abstract
Open Distributed Processing (ODP) is a framework for specifying open distributed systems, under development by the International Standards Organisation (ISO). It is based [...]
- 0
- read
On Detecting Unsteady Demand in Mobile Networking Environment
V. Shakhov, H. Choo, H. Youn

Collection of open chapters of books in transport research (2002). Vol. 2002, 20

Abstract
One of the key issues in mobile communication system is how to predict the number of calls per each cell. It is an important parameter and usually assumed as random Poisson value. For effective management of cellular network, the average number of calls should be traced and the changes in the numbers need to be promptly detected. In this paper we propose an algorithm detecting the changes in the behavior of the users using the technique proposed for point-of-change problem based only on the number of call arrivals. Computer simulation reveals that the proposed method can effectively detect the discord, and the developed model is very accurate as showing mostly less than 1% differences. Document type: Part of book or chapter of book
Abstract
One of the key issues in mobile communication system is how to predict the number of calls per each cell. It is an important parameter and usually assumed as random Poisson [...]
- 0
- read
Circumstance and Choice: The Role of Initial Conditions and Policies in Transition Economies
M. de Melo, C. Denizer, A. Gelb, S. Tenev

Collection of open chapters of books in transport research (2001). Vol. 2001, 18

Abstract
The experience of countries in transition from a planned to a market-oriented economy has varied greatly. The clearest differences are between the East Asian countries, China and Vietnam, and the countries of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) and the former Soviet Union (FSU). China and Vietnam have contained inflation and benefited from continued high growth in GDP since the beginning of their reforms, while all CEE and FSU countries have experienced large declines in output, and most have experienced hyperinflation. But even in CEE and the FSU, differences are marked. Some countries have lost over half of their GDP, and growth performance in a number of countries is still poor, while others are growing strongly. Some are still suffering from high inflation while others have successfully reduced annual inflation. What determines this divergence of outcomes across transition countries? No study so far has analyzed the interaction of all factors, including initial conditions, political change, and reforms, in a unified framework including CEE, the FSU, China, and Vietnam. The authors examine these broader interactions, but focus first on the role of initial conditions, such as initial macroeconomic distortions and differences in economic structure and institutions, which have been emphasized less in the literature. They find that initial conditions and economic policy jointly determine the large differences in economic performance among the 28 transition economies in the sample. Initial conditions dominate in explaining inflation, but economic liberalization is the most important factor determining differences in growth. But reform policy choices are not exogenous. They depend, in turn, on both initial conditions and political reform, with political reform the most important determinant of the speed and comprehensiveness of economic liberalization. Other findings provide additional insight into these relationships. Results show that liberalization has a negative contemporaneous impact, but a stronger positive effect on performance over time. The results also show that macroeconomic and structural distortions are negatively related to both policy and performance. Regarding the former, unfavorable initial conditions discourage policy reforms but do not diminish their effectiveness once they are implemented. The authors find some evidence that the influence of initial conditions diminishes over time. This is in part because many of the initial conditions are themselves modified in the course of transition. Monetary overhangs are dissipated through inflation, industrial overhang is eroded as plants shut down, and market memory returns through experience. Document type: Book
Abstract
The experience of countries in transition from a planned to a market-oriented economy has varied greatly. The clearest differences are between the East Asian countries, China [...]
- 0
- read
MobileWork - Arbeit in Bewegung: Internetbasierte Technologien und ihre Auswirkungen auf Arbeit und Organisation am Beispiel Teleservice
S. Pfeiffer

Collection of open chapters of books in transport research (2002). Vol. 2002, 14

Abstract
"Mobil agil - flexibel! Seit Jahren wird der Ruf nach mobilen, flexiblen Arbeitskräften laut und lauter - spätestens seit die Dauerhaftigkeit großer Arbeitslosenzahlen nicht mehr zu leugnen ist, gilt (individualisierte) Mobilität als bislang offensichtlich nicht sehr erfolgreiches - Allheilmittel zur Bekämpfung der Arbeitslosigkeit. Um den Jahrtausendwechsel schließlich entwickelt sich der Begriff Mobilität im Rahmen der Debatten rund um Globalisierung und Informationsgesellschaft endgültig zum Synonym für einen zeitgemäßen Arbeitsund Lebensstil. Mobilität wird zum gesellschaftlichen und kaum kritisch hinterfragten Leitbild, zu einem Wert an sich. Alles scheint mobil zu werden: Organisationen, Kapitalflüsse, soziale Beziehungen und: die Arbeit. Technologien, die e-mobility technisch ermöglichen, stehen damit vor anderen Bewertungskriterien und Gestaltungsanforderungen als bisherige Technologien. Vor dem Hintergrund einer Fülle sich neu stellender und zukünftig zu beantwortender Fragen werden hier zum einen klassische Gestaltungsbereiche humanorientierter Arbeitsorganisation (Arbeitszeit, Arbeits-/Aufgabenteilung und Kooperation) auf ihre Aktualität unter e-mobility-Bedingungen diskutiert und als neue Gestaltungsprinzipien Vertrauen und Transparenz vorgestellt." (Autorenreferat) Document type: Part of book or chapter of book
Abstract
"Mobil agil - flexibel! Seit Jahren wird der Ruf nach mobilen, flexiblen Arbeitskräften laut und lauter - spätestens seit die Dauerhaftigkeit großer Arbeitslosenzahlen [...]
- 0
- read
Trade in International Maritime Services: How Much Does Policy Matter?
C. Fink, C. Mattoo, I. Neagu

Collection of open chapters of books in transport research (2001). Vol. 2001, 12

Abstract
Maritime transport costs significantly impede international trade. This article examines why these costs are so high in some countries and quantifies the importance of two explanations: restrictive trade policies and private anticompetitive practices. It finds that both matter, but the latter have a greater impact. Trade liberalization and the breakup of private carrier agreements would lead to an average of one-third lower liner transport prices and to cost savings of up to US dollar 3 billion on goods carried to the United States alone. The policy implications are clear: there is a need not only for further liberalization of government policy but also for strengthened international disciplines on restrictive business practices. The authors propose an approach to developing such disciplines in the current round of services negotiations at the World Trade Organization (WTO). Document type: Book
Abstract
Maritime transport costs significantly impede international trade. This article examines why these costs are so high in some countries and quantifies the importance of two [...]
- 1
- read
Agglomeration and market interaction
M. Fujita, J. Thisse

Collection of open chapters of books in transport research (2002). Vol. 2002, 11

Abstract
Despite the drop in transport and commuting costs since the mid-19th century, sizable and lasting differences across locations at very different spatial scales remain the most striking feature of the space-economy. The main challenges of the economics of agglomeration are therefore (a) to explain why people and economic activities are agglomerated in a few places and (b) to understand why some places fare better than others."/p" "p"To meet these challenges, the usual route is to appeal to the fundamental trade-off between (internal and external) increasing returns and various mobility costs. This trade-off has a major implication for the organization of the space-economy: High transport and commuting costs foster the dispersion of economic activities, while strong increasing returns act as a strong agglomeration force."/p" "p"The first issue is to explain the existence of large and persistent regional disparities within nations or continents. At that spatial scale, the mobility of commodities and production factors is critical. By combining new trade theories with the mobility of firms and workers, economic geography shows that a core periphery structure can emerge as a stable market outcome."/p" "p"Second, at the urban scale, cities stem from the interplay between agglomeration and dispersion forces: The former explain why firms and consumers want to be close to each other whereas the latter put an upper limit on city sizes. Housing and commuting costs, which increase with population size, are the most natural candidates for the dispersion force. What generates agglomeration forces is less obvious. The literature on urban economics has highlighted the fact that urban size is the source of various benefits, which increase firm productivity and consumer welfare."/p" "p"Within cities, agglomeration also occurs in the form of shopping districts where firms selling differentiated products congregate. Strategic location considerations and product differentiation play a central role in the emergence of commercial districts because firms compete with a small number of close retailers. Document type: Book
Abstract
Despite the drop in transport and commuting costs since the mid-19th century, sizable and lasting differences across locations at very different spatial scales remain the [...]
- 1
- read
Dynamic Online Routing Algorithm for MPLS Traffic Engineering
W. Szeto, R. Boutaba, Y. Iraqi

Collection of open chapters of books in transport research (2002). Vol. 2002, 8

Abstract
The main contribution of this paper is a new online routing algorithm, called Dynamic Online Routing Algorithm (DORA), for dynamic setup of bandwidth guaranteed paths in MPLS networks. The goal of DORA is to accept as many network path setup requests as possible by carefully mapping paths with reserved bandwidth evenly across the network. The key operation behind DORA is to avoid routing over links that: 1) have high potential to be part of any other paths, and 2) have less residual bandwidth available. We compare DORA against other existing constraint-based routing algorithms based on two performance metrics: path setup rejection ratio and percentage of successful reroutes. Our result shows that DORA performs better than the other algorithms in both metrics. Document type: Part of book or chapter of book
Abstract
The main contribution of this paper is a new online routing algorithm, called Dynamic Online Routing Algorithm (DORA), for dynamic setup of bandwidth guaranteed paths in MPLS [...]
- 0
- read
A realistic simulation for Highway Traffic by the use of Cellular Automata
E. Campari, G. Levi

Collection of open chapters of books in transport research (2002). Vol. 2002, 2

Abstract
A two lane, non-periodic highway with on-ramps and off-ramps is simulated using a simple cellular automata model. The main experimental features of highway traffic are reproduced, indicating the usefulness of this approach for the study of traffic and it is shown the need of ramps to produce congested traffic. A fractal dimension for the variables used for traffic analysis, that is car density, car speed and flow has been measured with a Box Counting algorithm. Finally, it is suggested how to perform real-time traffic forecasts. Document type: Part of book or chapter of book
Abstract
A two lane, non-periodic highway with on-ramps and off-ramps is simulated using a simple cellular automata model. The main experimental features of highway traffic are reproduced, [...]
- 0
- read
A large strain plasticity model for anisotropic materials - composite material application
E. Car, S. Oller, E. Oñate

International Journal of Plasticity (2001). Vol. 17 (11), pp. 1437-1463

Abstract
In this work a generalized anisotropic model in large strains based on the classical isotropic plasticity theory is presented. The anisotropic theory is based on the concept of mapped tensors from the anisotropic real space to the isotropic fictitious one. In classical orthotropy theories it is necessary to use a special constitutive law for each material. The proposed theory is a generalization of classical theories and allows the use of models and algorithms developed for isotropic materials. It is based on establishing a one-to-one relationship between the behavior of an anisotropic real material and that of an isotropic fictitious one. Therefore, the problem is solved in the isotropic fictious space and the results are transported to the real field. This theory is applied to simulate the behavior of each material in the composite. The whole behavior of the composite is modeled by incorporating the anisotropic model within a model based on a modified mixing theory.
Abstract
In this work a generalized anisotropic model in large strains based on the classical isotropic plasticity theory is presented. The anisotropic theory is based on the concept [...]
- 4
- read
Optimización de embarcaciones de recreo mediante la utilización de un código CFD
M. López-Rodríguez, J. García-Espinosa, E. Oñate

Ingeniería Naval (2001). Vol. 784, pp. 122-130

Abstract
En la actualidad las más avanzadas técnicas para diseño naval ya no se restringen sólo a proyectos de alto coste; si no que también ahora son de aplicación en el campo de las embarcaciones de recreo y turísticas, dando con ello un valor añadido al proyecto final. La utilización de un código CFD para el mayor conocimiento del comportamiento hidrodinámico de las embarcaciones de recreo y turísticas es de una gran utilidad debido a las complejidades que en el diseño de estas se presentan. Estas herramientas nos van a proporcionar una serie de datos como sustentación lateral en las embarcaciones de vela o interacción entre cascos en catamaranes con deriva lateral, que de otra forma nunca pudieran conocerse. Los resultados hidrodinámicos obtenidos nos sirven para comparar las diferentes alternativas, y para además obtener unos valores que directamente son usados para la predicción de velocidad de la embarcación, que más tarde se verán refrendadas por las pruebas de mar. La utilización de técnicas CFD, basadas en el método de los elementos finitos, para la resolución de las ecuaciones de Reynolds (RANSE), incluyendo efectos de superficie libre, hace que todo esto sea posible. En este trabajo se presentan diversos resultados de aplicación del código CFD SHYNE a varias embarcaciones deportivas y de recreo. SHYNE está basado en la técnica del Cálculo Finitesimal para la integración de las ecuaciones de Reynolds.
Abstract
En la actualidad las más avanzadas técnicas para diseño naval ya no se restringen sólo a proyectos de alto coste; si no que también ahora [...]
- 22
- read
Probabilistic analysis of an a posteriori error estimator for Finite Elements
P. Diez, J. Egozcue

Mathematical Models and Methods in Applied Sciences (2001). Vol. 11 (5), pp. 841-854

Abstract
A residual type a posteriori error estimator for finite elements is analyzed using a new technique. In this case, the error estimate is the result of two consecutive projections of the exact error on two finite-dimensional subspaces. The analysis introduced in this paper is based on a probabilistic approach, that is, the idea is to assess the average value of the effectivity index (the ratio estimated error over exact error) by assuming the randomness of the exact error. The average value characterizes the mean behavior of the estimator and it is found to be related with some geometric properties of the subspaces. These geometric properties are obtained from the standard matrices of the linear systems arising in the formulation of the finite element method.
Abstract
A residual type a posteriori error estimator for finite elements is analyzed using a new technique. In this case, the error estimate is the result of two consecutive [...]
- 4
- read
CBS versus GLS stabilization of the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations and the role of the time step as stabilization parameter
R. Codina, O. Zienkiewicz

Commun. Numer. Meth. Engng (2001). Vol 18 (2), pp. 99-112

Abstract
In this work we compare two apparently different stabilization procedures for the finite element approximation of the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations. The first is the characteristic‐based split (CBS). It combines the characteristic Galerkin method to deal with convection dominated flows with a classical splitting technique, which in some cases allows us to use equal velocity–pressure interpolations. The second approach is the Galerkin‐least‐squares (GLS) method, in which a least‐squares form of the element residual is added to the basic Galerkin equations. It is shown that both formulations display similar stabilization mechanisms, provided the stabilization parameter of the GLS method is identified with the time step of the CBS approach. This identification can be understood from a formal Fourier analysis of the linearized problem.
Abstract
In this work we compare two apparently different stabilization procedures for the finite element approximation of the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations. The first [...]
- 8
- read
Implementation of a stabilized finite element formulation for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations based on a pressure gradient projection
R. Codina, J. Blasco, G. Buscaglia, A. Huerta

Int. J. Numer. Meth. Fluids (2001). Vol. 37 (4), pp. 419-444

Abstract
We discuss in this paper some implementation aspects of a finite element formulation for the incompressible Navier-Stokes which allows the use of equal order velocity-pressure interpolations. The method consists in introducing the project of the pressure gradient and adding the difference between the pressure Laplacian and divergence of this new field to the incompressibility equations, both multiplied by suitable algorithmic parameters. The main purpose of this paper is to discuss how to deal with the new variable in the implementation of the algorithm. Obviously, it could be treated as one extra unknown, either explicitly or as a condensed variable. However, we take for granted that the only way or another. Here we discuss some iterative schemes to perform this uncoupling of the pressure gradient projection (PGP) from the calculation of the velocity and the pressure, both for stationary and the transient of the linearization loop and the iterative segregation of the PGP, whereas in the second the main dilemma concerns the explicit or implicit treatment of the PGP.
Abstract
We discuss in this paper some implementation aspects of a finite element formulation for the incompressible Navier-Stokes which allows the use of equal order velocity-pressure [...]
- 7
- read
Numerical modeling of magma withdrawal during explosive caldera-forming eruptions
A. Folch, J. Martí i Castell, R. Codina

Journal of Geophysical Research (2001). Vol. 106 (B8), pp. 16 163-16 175

Abstract
We propose a simple physical model to characterize the dynamics of magma withdrawal during the course of caldera-forming eruptions. Simplification involves considering such eruptions as a piston-like system in which the host rock is assumed to subside as a coherent rigid solid. Magma behaves as a Newtonian incompressible fluid below the exsolution level and as a compressible gas-liquid mixture above this level. We consider caldera-forming eruptions within the frame of fluid-structure interaction problems, in which the flow-governing equations are written using an arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) formulation. We propose a numerical procedure to solve the ALE governing equations in the context of a finite element method. The numerical methodology is based on a staggered algorithm in which the flow and the structural equations are alternatively integrated in time by using separate solvers. The procedure also involves the use of the quasi-Laplacian method to compute the ALE mesh of the fluid and a new conservative remeshing strategy. Despite the fact that we focus the application of the procedure toward modeling caldera-forming eruptions, the numerical procedure is of general applicability. The numerical results have important geological implications in terms of magma chamber dynamics during explosive caldera-forming eruptions. Simulations predict a nearly constant velocity of caldera subsidence that strongly depends on magma viscosity. They also reproduce the characteristic eruption rates of the different phases of an explosive calderaforming eruption. Numerical results indicate that the formation of vortices beneath the ring fault, which may allow mingling and mixing of parcels of magma initially located at different depths in the chamber, is likely to occur for low-viscosity magmas. Numerical results confirm that exsolution of volatiles is an efficient mechanism to sustain explosive caldera-forming eruptions and to explain the formation of large volumes of ignimbrites.
Abstract
We propose a simple physical model to characterize the dynamics of magma withdrawal during the course of caldera-forming eruptions. Simplification involves considering such [...]
- 3
- read
Space and time error estimates for a first order, pressure stabilized finite element method for the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations
J. Blasco, R. Codina

Applied Numerical Mathematics (2001). Vol. 38 (4), pp. 475-497

Abstract
In this paper we analyze a pressure stabilized, finite element method for the unsteady, incompressible Navier–Stokes equations in primitive variables; for the time discretization we focus on a fully implicit, monolithic scheme. We provide some error estimates for the fully discrete solution which show that the velocity is first order accurate in the time step and attains optimal order accuracy in the mesh size for the given spatial interpolation, both in the spaces L2(Ω) and H10(Ω); the pressure solution is shown to be order 12 accurate in the time step and also optimal in the mesh size. These estimates are proved assuming only a weak compatibility condition on the approximating spaces of velocity and pressure, which is satisfied by equal order interpolations.
Abstract
In this paper we analyze a pressure stabilized, finite element method for the unsteady, incompressible Navier–Stokes equations in primitive variables; for the [...]
- 2
- read
Pressure stability in fractional step finite element methods for incompressible flows
R. Codina

Journal of Computational Physics (2001). Vol. 170 (1), pp. 112-140

Abstract
The objective of this paper is to analyze the pressure stability of fractional step finite element methods for incompressible flows. For the classical first order projection method, it is shown that there is a pressure control which depends on the time step size, and therefore there is a lower bound for this time step for stability reasons. The situation is much worse for a second order scheme in which part of the extremely weak. To overcome these shortcomings, a stabilized fractional step finite element method is also considered, and its stability is analyzed. Some simple numerical examples are presented to support the theoretical results.
Abstract
The objective of this paper is to analyze the pressure stability of fractional step finite element methods for incompressible flows. For the classical first order projection [...]
- 7
- read
Transmission conditions with constraints in finite element domain decomposition methods for flow problems
G. Houzeaux, R. Codina

Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg., (2001). Vol 17 (3), pp. 179-190

Abstract
This work presents a conservative scheme for iteration‐by‐subdomain domain decomposition (DD) strategies applied to the finite element solution of flow problems. The DD algorithm is based on the iterative update of the boundary conditions on the interfaces between the subregions, the so‐called transmission conditions. The transmission conditions involve the essential and natural boundary conditions of the weak form of the problem, and should ensure strong continuity of the velocity and weak continuity of the traction. As a first approach, the transmission conditions are interpolated using the classical Lagrange interpolation functions. Conservation problems might arise when two adjacent subdomains have a sensibly different mesh spacing. In order to conserve any desired quantity of interest, an interface constraining is introduced: continuity of the transmission conditions are constrained under a scalar conservation equation. An example of mass conservation illustrates the algorithm.
Abstract
This work presents a conservative scheme for iteration‐by‐subdomain domain decomposition (DD) strategies applied to the finite element solution of flow problems. The DD [...]
- 3
- read
A stabilized finite element method for generalized stationary incompressible flows
R. Codina

Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg., (2001). Vol. 190 (20-21), pp. 2681-2706

Abstract
In this paper we describe a finite element formulation for the numerical solution of the stationary Navier-Stokes equations including Coriolis forces and the permeability of the medium. The stabilized method is based on the algebraic version of the sub-grid scale approach. We first describe this technique for general systems of convection-diffusion-reaction equations and then we apply it to linearized flow equations. The important point is the design of the matrix of stabilization parameters that the method has. This design is based on the identification of the stability problems of the Galerkin method and a scaling of variables argument to determine which coefficients must be included in the stabilization matrix. This, together with the convergence analysis of the linearized problem, leads to a simple expression for the stabilization parameters in the general situation considered in the paper. The numerical analysis of the linearized problem also shows that the method has optimal convergence properties.
Abstract
In this paper we describe a finite element formulation for the numerical solution of the stationary Navier-Stokes equations including Coriolis forces and the permeability [...]
- 11
- read
A finite point method for elasticity problems
E. Oñate, F. Perazzo, J. Canet

(2001). Research Report, Nº PI202

Abstract
The basis of the finite point method (FPM) for the fully meshless solution of elasticity problems in structural mechanics is described. A stabilization technique based on a finite calculus procedure is used to improve the quality of the numerical solution. The efficiency and accuracy of the stabilized FPM in the meshless analysis of simple linear elastic structural problems is shown in some examples of applications.
Abstract
The basis of the finite point method (FPM) for the fully meshless solution of elasticity problems in structural mechanics is described. A stabilization [...]
- 10
- read
Finite element analysis of membrane structures
R. Taylor

(2001). Research Report, Nº PI203

Abstract
This report summarizes the formulation for a large displacement formulation of a membrance composed of three-node triangular elements. A formulation in terms of the deformation gradient is first constructed in terms of nodal variables. In particular, the use of the right Caunchy-Green deformation tensor is shown to lead to a particulary simple representation in terms of nodal quantities. This may then be used to construct general models for use in static and transient analyses.
Abstract
This report summarizes the formulation for a large displacement formulation of a membrance composed of three-node triangular elements. A formulation in terms of the deformation [...]
- 14
- read
On discontinuous Galerkin methods
O. Zienkiewicz, R. Taylor

(2001). Research Report, Nº PI204

Abstract
Discontinuous Galerkin methods have received considerable attention in recent years for applications to many problems in which convection and diffusion terms are present. Several alternatives for treating the diffusion flux effects have been introduced, as well as, for treatment of the convective flux terms. This report summarizes some of the treatments that have been proposed. It also considers how elementary finite volume methods may be considered as the most primative form of a discontinuous Galerkin method as well as how it may be formed as a finite element method. Several numerical examples are included in the report which summarize results for discontinuous Galerkin solutions of one-dimensional problems with a scalar variable. Results are presented for diffusion-reaction problems, convection-diffusion problems, and a special problem with a turning point. We identify aspects which relate to accuracy as well as stability of the method.
Abstract
Discontinuous Galerkin methods have received considerable attention in recent years for applications to many problems in which convection and diffusion terms are present. [...]
- 9
- read
Possibilities of finite calculus in computational mechanics
E. Oñate

(2001). Research Report, Nº PI205

Abstract
The expression ‘finite calculus’ refers to the derivation of the governing differential equations in mechanics by invoking balance of fluxes, forces, etc. in a space–time domain of finite size. The governing equations resulting from this approach are different from those of infinitesimal calculus theory and they incorporate new terms which depend on the dimensions of the balance domain. The new governing equations allow the derivation of naturally stabilized numerical schemes using any discretization procedure. The paper discusses the possibilities of the finite calculus method for the finite element solution of convection–diffusion problems with sharp gradients, incompressible fluid flow and incompressible solid mechanics problems and strain localization situations.
Abstract
The expression ‘finite calculus’ refers to the derivation of the governing differential equations in mechanics by invoking balance of fluxes, forces, etc. in a [...]
- 4
- read
A finite element methodology for local global damage evaluation in civil engineering structures
A. Hanganu, E. Oñate, A. Barbat

(2001). Research Report, Nº PI206

Abstract
The paper introduces a new global damage evaluation method, thus obtaining a meaningful global damage index (GDI). A numerical procedure for predicting a local and global damage in civil engineering structures using the finite element method and a continuum damage model is presented. The method is adequate for computing the limit load in reinforced concrete structures and for predicting the failure mechanisms. Details of the damage model used a given together with a description of the finite element implementation and the procedure for computing the global damage parameters. Examples of applications to the non-linear analysis of a range of reinforced concrete structures presented.
Abstract
The paper introduces a new global damage evaluation method, thus obtaining a meaningful global damage index (GDI). A numerical procedure for predicting a local and global [...]
- 4
- read
Posibilidades de los métodos numéricos en el mundo industrial
E. Oñate

(2001). Research Report, Nº PI207

Abstract
Se presentan en el artículo las ideas básicas de qué son los métodos numéricos, cuáles son los métodos numéricos más populares, cómo se aplican para resolver ecuaciones diferenciales de interés práctico en ingeniería y qué posibilidades y limitaciones tienen para ayudarnos a entender mejor el mundo que nos rodea. El contenido del artículo se completa con diversas aplicaciones prácticas del método de elementos finitos a diversos problemas de ingeniería.
Abstract
Se presentan en el artículo las ideas básicas de qué son los métodos numéricos, cuáles son los métodos numéricos más [...]
- 29
- read
A finite element method for fluid-structure interaction with surface waves using finite calculus formulation
E. Oñate, J. García-Espinosa

(2001). Research Report, Nº PI208

Abstract
A stabilized semi-implicit fractional step finite element method for solving coupled fluid-structure interaction problems involving free surface waves is presented. The stabilized governing equations for the viscous incompressible fluid and the free surface are derived at a differential level via a finite calculus procedure. A mesh updating technique based on solving a fictitious elastic problem on the moving mesh is described. Examples of the efficiency of the stabilized semi-implicit algorithm for the analysis of fluid-structure interaction problems in totally or partially submerged bodies is presented.
Abstract
A stabilized semi-implicit fractional step finite element method for solving coupled fluid-structure interaction problems involving free surface waves is presented. The stabilized [...]
- 11
- read
Recovering lower bounds of the error postprocessing implicit residual a posteriori error estimates
P. Díez, N. Parés, A. Huerta

(2001). Research Report, Nº PI209

Abstract
Classical Residual type error estimators approximate the error flux around the elements and yield upper bounds of the exact (or references) error. Lower bounds of the error are also needed in goal oriented adaptivity and for bounds on functional outputs. This work introduces a simple and cheap strategy to recover a lower bound estimate from standard upper bound estimates. This lower bound mat be also to assess the effectivity of the former estimate and to improve it.
Abstract
Classical Residual type error estimators approximate the error flux around the elements and yield upper bounds of the exact (or references) error. Lower bounds of the error [...]
- 4
- read
A simple method for automatic adaption of finite element meshes to changes in the boundary shape
G. Chiandussi, G. Bugeda, E. Oñate

(2001). Innovative Tools for Scientific Computation in Aeronautical Engineering, J. Periaux, P. Joly, O. Pironneau and E. Oñate (Eds.), pp. 149-167, CIMNE, Barcelona, Spain

Abstract
A simple method to automatically update the finite element mesh of the analysis domain is proposed for cases when the shape of the domain in modified. The method considers the mesh as a fictitious elastic body subjected to prescribed displacement at selected boundary points. The mechanical properties of each mesh element are appropriately selected in order to minimize the deformation and the distortion of the mesh elements. Different selection strategies have been used of remeshing in the solution of shape optimization problems and reduces the number of the remeshing step in the solution of coupled fluid-structure interaction problems
Abstract
A simple method to automatically update the finite element mesh of the analysis domain is proposed for cases when the shape of the domain in modified. The method considers [...]
- 7
- read
Meshless analysis of incompressible flows using the Finite Point Method
E. Oñate, C. Sacco, S. Idelsohn

(2001). Innovative Tools for Scientific Computation in Aeronautical Engineering, J. Periaux, P. Joly, O. Pironneau and E. Oñate (Eds.), pp. 208-232, CIMNE, Barcelona, Spain

Abstract
A stabilized finite point method (FPM) for the meshless analysis of incompressible fluid flow problems is presented. The stabilization approach is based in the finite calculus (FIC) procedure. An enhanced fractional step procedure allowing the semi-implicit numerical solution of incompressible fluids using the FPM is described. Examples of application of the stabilized FPM to the solution of incompressible flow problems are presented.
Abstract
A stabilized finite point method (FPM) for the meshless analysis of incompressible fluid flow problems is presented. The stabilization approach is based in the finite calculus [...]
- 13
- read
On the constitutive modeling of coupled thermomechanical phase-change problems
C. Agelet de Saracibar, M. Cervera, M. Chiumenti

International Journal of Plasticity (2001). 17 (12), pp. 1565-1622.

Abstract
This paper deals with a thermodynamically consistent numerical formulation for coupled thermoplastic problems including phase-change phenomena and frictional contact. The final goal is to get an accurate, efficient and robust numerical model, able for the numerical simulation of industrial solidification processes. Some of the current issues addressed in the paper are the following. A fractional step method arising from an operator split of the governing differential equations has been used to solve the nonlinear coupled system of equations, leading to a staggered product formula solution algorithm. Nonlinear stability issues are discussed and isentropic and isothermal operator splits are formulated. Within the isentropic split, a strong operator split design constraint is introduced, by requiring that the elastic and plastic entropy, as well as the phase-change induced elastic entropy due to the latent heat, remain fixed in the mechanical problem. The formulation of the model has been consistently derived within a thermodynamic framework. All the material properties have been considered to be temperature dependent. The constitutive behavior has been defined by a thermoviscous/elastoplastic free energy function, including a thermal multiphase change contribution. Plastic response has been modeled by a J2 temperature dependent model, including plastic hardening and thermal softening. The constitutive model proposed accounts for a continuous transition between the initial liquid state, the intermediate mushy state and the final solid state taking place in a solidification process. In particular, a pure viscous deviatoric model has been used at the initial fluid-like state. A thermomecanical contact model, including a frictional hardening and temperature dependent coupled potential, is derived within a fully consistent thermodinamical theory. The numerical model has been implemented into the computational finite element code COMET developed by the authors. Numerical simulations of solidification processes show the good performance of the computational model developed.
Abstract
This paper deals with a thermodynamically consistent numerical formulation for coupled thermoplastic problems including phase-change phenomena and frictional contact. The [...]
- 9
- read
Red de revistas iberoamericanas
Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2001). Vol. 9, (2), 33
- 0
- read
Reseñas
Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2001). Vol. 9, (2), 32
- 0
- read
Plataformas
Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2001). Vol. 9, (2), 31
- 0
- read
Apuntes
Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2001). Vol. 9, (2), 30
- 0
- read
Informaciones
Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2001). Vol. 9, (2), 29
- 0
- read
¿Fomenta la prensa onubense la integración de los inmigrantes en nuestra ciudad?
A. Ruiz Echeondo, M. Medina Moles, L. García Molinero

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2001). Vol. 9, (2), 28

Abstract
The authors show the results of their research about the influence of the press on our youngsters, it particularly studies the way how inmigration in the province of Huelva is presented to them. These conclusions are basic in a school worried about educat
Abstract
The authors show the results of their research about the influence of the press on our youngsters, it particularly studies the way how inmigration in the province of Huelva [...]
- 1
- read
Apuntes sobre la violencia en los programas de televisión
A. Posada Álvarez

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2001). Vol. 9, (2), 27

Abstract
The reflection on the possible effects that television violence may have on children watching it is a commonplace in scientific literacy about media education. The author of this paper analyzes some television programmes and comes to the conclusion that i
Abstract
The reflection on the possible effects that television violence may have on children watching it is a commonplace in scientific literacy about media education. The author [...]
- 0
- read
Cómo enseñar arte a través de los medios
R. Cruz García

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2001). Vol. 9, (2), 26

Abstract
This paper shows how to use advertising as a resource to study History of Art, including further possibilities given by new tecnologies. After a reflection on it, the au thor gives us an easy proposal to analyse an advertising image through History of Art
Abstract
This paper shows how to use advertising as a resource to study History of Art, including further possibilities given by new tecnologies. After a reflection on it, the au thor [...]
- 1
- read
Potencial educativo de las nuevas tecnologías en la lecto-escritura de personas con deficiencia visual
A. Rodríguez Fuentes, J. Sánchez Noriega

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2001). Vol. 9, (2), 25

Abstract
Specifying the contribution of the technological means to the reading and writing activity of individuals with visual deficiency, both for blind people and for people with limited vision is the aim considered by this study that also tries to clarify the p
Abstract
Specifying the contribution of the technological means to the reading and writing activity of individuals with visual deficiency, both for blind people and for people with [...]
- 0
- read
Propuestas curriculares para la integración de los medios
M. Martínez Serrano, S. Merino

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2001). Vol. 9, (2), 24

Abstract
The authors make a revision of the main curricular proposals to introduce media in school: as topics present in all the areas, as a interdiciplinary way and as a workshop in primary education. They conclude that to integrate media in school it is necessar
Abstract
The authors make a revision of the main curricular proposals to introduce media in school: as topics present in all the areas, as a interdiciplinary way and as a workshop [...]
- 0
- read
La prensa: un medio de comunicación para la escuela
A. Camacho Marín, F. Santacruz Laguna

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2001). Vol. 9, (2), 23

Abstract
The authors put forward the use of newspapers in the classroom claiming that this is the most suitable place to form critical consumers. They propose several graded activities from the easiest items of the press world to the most sophisticated aspects of
Abstract
The authors put forward the use of newspapers in the classroom claiming that this is the most suitable place to form critical consumers. They propose several graded activities [...]
- 0
- read
Radioescuela, una apasionante aventura de comunicación y educación
D. Rodríguez Mateos

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2001). Vol. 9, (2), 22

Abstract
The author considers all the media we work with at school are very stimulating for children. She thinks radio can be the best choice among them due to its interactivity which stimulates children to participate avoiding their pasivity. Also, this paper put
Abstract
The author considers all the media we work with at school are very stimulating for children. She thinks radio can be the best choice among them due to its interactivity which [...]
- 1
- read
Una pedagogía activa del lenguaje televisivo para comunicadores del futuro
N. Lorite García

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2001). Vol. 9, (2), 21

Abstract
This paper puts forward an innovation in television language learning for future journalists. He explains the results of his experience, carried out with pupils from Universidad Autónoma of Barcelona and Tec from Monterrey. He comes to the conclusion that
Abstract
This paper puts forward an innovation in television language learning for future journalists. He explains the results of his experience, carried out with pupils from Universidad [...]
- 0
- read
El dilema de las teorías de enseñanza-aprendizaje en el entorno virtual
L. Rodolfo Lara

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2001). Vol. 9, (2), 20

Abstract
This paper shows how internet irruption in school, and especially in distance learning through virtual classrooms has reopened discussion about educational theories and strategies.The author thinks interactive and multimedia background has been a novel an
Abstract
This paper shows how internet irruption in school, and especially in distance learning through virtual classrooms has reopened discussion about educational theories and strategies.The [...]
- 1
- read
Violencia, juventud y medios de comunicación
J. Cabero Almenara, M. Romero García

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2001). Vol. 9, (2), 19

Abstract
The authors analyze the discussion about the relationship between violence and media in a youth context. They include a revision of the main arguments for and against the influence of television on violence increase and also a reflection on the importance
Abstract
The authors analyze the discussion about the relationship between violence and media in a youth context. They include a revision of the main arguments for and against the [...]
- 0
- read
La socialización medial
A. Rodríguez Pérez

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2001). Vol. 9, (2), 18

Abstract
Besides familiar and academic socialization, the autor of this paper defends the real existence of an influencing and newcoming mediatic socialization. This happens mainly because media have a big influence on audience. Media are, without any doubt, the m
Abstract
Besides familiar and academic socialization, the autor of this paper defends the real existence of an influencing and newcoming mediatic socialization. This happens mainly [...]
- 0
- read
Infancia y televisión educativa en el contexto multimedia
M. Albero Andrés

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2001). Vol. 9, (2), 17

Abstract
The author proposes to make a profit from the stimulating power of television for children so that we can make a favourable use of it to create an educational television. This is a reality in many places already but this paper adds the benefits of a multi
Abstract
The author proposes to make a profit from the stimulating power of television for children so that we can make a favourable use of it to create an educational television. [...]
- 3
- read
Historia de la música enlatada
P. Martínez Peralta

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2001). Vol. 9, (2), 16
- 0
- read
Aprender a escribir con el periódico
T. Pedroso Herrera

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2001). Vol. 9, (2), 15

Abstract
In spite of the fact that the present curricula strengthen everything related to the attainment of a suitable level of writing, it can be frequently checked that the deficiencies of the students in tis scope perpetuaue for all their academic life, even re
Abstract
In spite of the fact that the present curricula strengthen everything related to the attainment of a suitable level of writing, it can be frequently checked that the deficiencies [...]
- 0
- read
El lenguaje de la radio y sus posibilidades educativas
R. Quintana Garzón

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2001). Vol. 9, (2), 14

Abstract
Our world is full of new and attractive images, therefore it could be daring to defend the advantages of sounds in education and socialization of children and teenagers. The author tries to recover the importance of sounds, of the radio, in the education
Abstract
Our world is full of new and attractive images, therefore it could be daring to defend the advantages of sounds in education and socialization of children and teenagers. The [...]
- 1
- read
Comunicación web: el valor de los contenidos de la Red
A. Palazón Meseguer

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2001). Vol. 9, (2), 13

Abstract
A web site should give a series of contents suitable for on line media. It is beingdiscussed when web information is considered real web communication. The author thinks that the problem would be how to organize the contents. The search for the structure
Abstract
A web site should give a series of contents suitable for on line media. It is beingdiscussed when web information is considered real web communication. The author thinks that [...]
- 0
- read
El signo infográfico en la comunicación digital: de la presencia al vacío
F. Contreras Medina

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2001). Vol. 9, (2), 12

Abstract
The manipulation and treatment of the images by computer has meant important changes in the semiotic studies on communication. The infographic sign is a different way of looking at the world that draws up a techno-communication phenomenology from its effe
Abstract
The manipulation and treatment of the images by computer has meant important changes in the semiotic studies on communication. The infographic sign is a different way of looking [...]
- 1
- read
Atravesando el espejo
M. de Aguilera Moyano, J. Gallego Ortega

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2001). Vol. 9, (2), 11

Abstract
Video games are the result of a influencingl cultural industry and also they provide the universal archetypes used by millions of youngsters all over the world, which may become an interesting field of study from the point of view of communication experts
Abstract
Video games are the result of a influencingl cultural industry and also they provide the universal archetypes used by millions of youngsters all over the world, which may [...]
- 0
- read
Lectura a cinco bandas: «La lengua de las mariposas»
C. Romea Castro

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2001). Vol. 9, (2), 10

Abstract
Any audio-visual message is the result of the characteristic conventions of the audiovisual narrative. Its logic has a very well-known history, characteristic of the comic or the theatre photograph. For the author of this paper, the best way of facing an
Abstract
Any audio-visual message is the result of the characteristic conventions of the audiovisual narrative. Its logic has a very well-known history, characteristic of the comic [...]
- 0
- read
Las adaptaciones literarias al cine: un debate permanente
J. Sánchez Noriega

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2001). Vol. 9, (2), 9

Abstract
The discussion about literary works adapted as films establishes the question of their artistic statute and the fact that literature is usually considered an art of a higher level. The author thinks that both have a narrative condition and an own language
Abstract
The discussion about literary works adapted as films establishes the question of their artistic statute and the fact that literature is usually considered an art of a higher [...]
- 1
- read
Información, ficción y pedagogía en el fútbol televisado
A. García Matilla

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2001). Vol. 9, (2), 8

Abstract
This paper tries to persuade us that, since football is so stimulating among children and youngsters, it should be a perfect didactic tool. He considers football as a splendid resource in school illustrating his idea with a lot of examples.
Abstract
This paper tries to persuade us that, since football is so stimulating among children and youngsters, it should be a perfect didactic tool. He considers football as a splendid [...]
- 1
- read
Un paso más para la lectura crítica
E. Martínez-Salanova Sánchez

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2001). Vol. 9, (2), 7

Abstract
A non growing up language is a dead language. Media make oral language rich and adapt themselves to people changing circumstances in order to improve their own language. Media language, enriched by very rapid progress, is essential for social discussion b
Abstract
A non growing up language is a dead language. Media make oral language rich and adapt themselves to people changing circumstances in order to improve their own language. Media [...]
- 1
- read
Adolescentes: entre la escuela y el cibercafé
S. Contín, S. Mañas Valle

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2001). Vol. 9, (2), 6

Abstract
This paper shows some of the pedagogical challenges of the new forms of oral communication experienced by teenagers, especially chat in internet. The authors give some hints to take didactic advantage of this tecnology and sketch six proposals to work in
Abstract
This paper shows some of the pedagogical challenges of the new forms of oral communication experienced by teenagers, especially chat in internet. The authors give some hints [...]
- 0
- read
La estética de los objetos y la ética de los sujetos
C. Lomas García

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2001). Vol. 9, (2), 5

Abstract
Advertising is everywhere and we cannot avoid to be inmersed in it, but we can take advantage of it. This paper proposes the introduction of advertising language in the classroom and with this aim it suggests general exercises to practise in order to tran
Abstract
Advertising is everywhere and we cannot avoid to be inmersed in it, but we can take advantage of it. This paper proposes the introduction of advertising language in the classroom [...]
- 0
- read
La competencia comunicativa en el entorno tecnológico
J. Prado Aragonés

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2001). Vol. 9, (2), 4

Abstract
This paper shows a reflection on the new communication we are inmersed in due to continue advances in computers technology, which the author thinks is necessary to introduce in school. Also, it is a revision about how curricular factors are changing to ma
Abstract
This paper shows a reflection on the new communication we are inmersed in due to continue advances in computers technology, which the author thinks is necessary to introduce [...]
- 0
- read
Aprender a ver y a analizar la información audiovisual
M. Cebrián Herreros

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2001). Vol. 9, (2), 3

Abstract
The author of this paper considers the new pedagogical patterns arisen from new television communicational patterns as a new challenge for education. We will need to increase the knowledge of the users and a serious analysis of the audiovisual information
Abstract
The author of this paper considers the new pedagogical patterns arisen from new television communicational patterns as a new challenge for education. We will need to increase [...]
- 1
- read
Presentación de temas
J. Prado Aragonés, M. Pérez-Rodríguez

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2001). Vol. 9, (2), 2
- 1
- read
Prolegómenos
J. Aguaded Gómez

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2001). Vol. 9, (2), 1
- 0
- read
Reseñas
Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2001). Vol. 9, (1), 62
- 0
- read
Apuntes
Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2001). Vol. 9, (1), 61
- 0
- read
Plataformas
Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2001). Vol. 9, (1), 60
- 0
- read
Informaciones
Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2001). Vol. 9, (1), 59
- 0
- read
Maestros: de la tiza al bit
R. Correa García, M. Guzmán Franco

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2001). Vol. 9, (1), 58

Abstract
La evolución hacia las llamadas «autopistas de la información» y sus efectos están provocando importantes repercusiones y cambios en la educación que nos obligan a no permanecer pasivos ante las revoluciones tecnológicas que nos vienen atropellando y ante las necesidades de formación que los profesionales y los tiempos demandan. Los autores en este trabajo presentan la síntesis de un estudio en el que se pretendía investigar los conocimientos, actitudes, habilidades, expectativas, nivel de motivación y necesidades de formación del alumnado de la Titulación de Maestro acerca de la materia Nuevas Tecnologías aplicadas a la Educación.
Abstract
La evolución hacia las llamadas «autopistas de la información» y sus efectos están provocando importantes repercusiones y cambios en la educación que nos obligan a no [...]
- 0
- read
La formación profesional y la orientación ocupacional con la prensa
I. Aznar Díaz

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2001). Vol. 9, (1), 57

Abstract
La formación profesional ocupacional pretende básicamente la inserción laboral de diferentes colectivos. El módulo de «orientación ocupacional», en este sentido, afronta la labor de facilitar, con el mayor éxito posible, la búsqueda activa de empleo. La prensa, como centro neurálgico de la noticia, se nos revela como un recurso imprescindible. Este trabajo es el resultado de una investigación sobre los anuncios en prensa, ya que éstos dan a conocer lo que exigen las empresas del mundo laboral y que, por ende, ha de repercutir en la formación de las personas.
Abstract
La formación profesional ocupacional pretende básicamente la inserción laboral de diferentes colectivos. El módulo de «orientación ocupacional», en este sentido, afronta [...]
- 0
- read
El telebachillerato, una forma de utilizar la televisión con fines educativos
Ó. Omaña Cervantes

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2001). Vol. 9, (1), 56

Abstract
Al presentar el modelo del telebachillerato de Hidalgo (México) se pretende dar a conocer un sistema de educación a distancia que en los últimos años se ha ido consolidando, entendido como una modalidad no convencional, como alternativa a los sistemas educativos presenciales o directos, donde la televisión pasa de ser un medio de comunicación, y se transforma en una herramienta educativa, dándole al docente un nuevo rol en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje.
Abstract
Al presentar el modelo del telebachillerato de Hidalgo (México) se pretende dar a conocer un sistema de educación a distancia que en los últimos años se ha ido consolidando, [...]
- 0
- read
Hacia un nuevo concepto de alfabetización: el lenguaje de los medios
J. Prado Aragonés

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2001). Vol. 9, (1), 55

Abstract
La autora de este trabajo ofrece una aguda reflexión sobre las transformaciones que la sociedad contemporánea ha vivido con la irrupción de las nuevas tecnologías y sus consiguientes transformaciones en las formas de entender el concepto de alfabetización, por la aparición de nuevos lenguajes para la comunicación que requieren de destrezas específicas, que, con mucho, superan las tradicionales estrategias para enseñar y aprender a leer y escribir. Los nuevos medios de comunicación marcan también una nueva forma de entender la interpretación de los mensajes.
Abstract
La autora de este trabajo ofrece una aguda reflexión sobre las transformaciones que la sociedad contemporánea ha vivido con la irrupción de las nuevas tecnologías y sus [...]
- 8
- read
La educación artística y la educación de los medios en la era digital
A. Hart

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2001). Vol. 9, (1), 54

Abstract
Este trabajo pretende explorar el impacto que supone el acceso fácil a la producción y al consumo artísticos en la vida cultural del siglo XXI. Se plantea que para entender las funciones social, cultural y estética del arte podemos incorporar algunos de los referentes teóricos que se han desarrollado dentro del área académica de la educación de los medios, en el sentido de crear una nueva disciplina capaz de asumir la distancia que existe entre los productos artísticos y la capacidad adquirida por los «lectores» de dichos productos.
Abstract
Este trabajo pretende explorar el impacto que supone el acceso fácil a la producción y al consumo artísticos en la vida cultural del siglo XXI. Se plantea que para entender [...]
- 0
- read
Los medios de comunicación en la educación social: el uso de la radio
F. López Noguero

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2001). Vol. 9, (1), 53

Abstract
Los continuos cambios sociales requieren constantes replanteamientos del papel de la educación en la sociedad contemporánea. El autor de este trabajo apuesta plenamente por la necesidad de buscar nuevas concepciones de lo educativo desde el enfoque de la educación permanente y la educación social, incidiendo en la importancia que un medio de comunicación, como es la radio, puede desempeñar en contextos educativos no formales.
Abstract
Los continuos cambios sociales requieren constantes replanteamientos del papel de la educación en la sociedad contemporánea. El autor de este trabajo apuesta plenamente [...]
- 1
- read
La prensa escrita ante el desafío de los nuevos medios
R. Miralles Lucena

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2001). Vol. 9, (1), 52

Abstract
En nuestras sociedades, la televisión es el canal informativo de la mayoría de la población, mientras la presencia de la prensa impresa se muestra en claro retroceso. Sin embargo, la lectura de los medios escritos (que ahora también nos llegan a través de la Red) sigue siendo necesaria, porque el acto de comprender requiere de una actividad intelectual de la que carece la contemplación pasiva de las imágenes televisivas. Partiendo del profundo significado intelectual del propio acto de leer, la institución educativa debe acometer una ambiciosa alfabetización mediática que, combatiendo la desigualdad de conocimiento y poder, se constituya como estrategia para la supervivencia democrática.
Abstract
En nuestras sociedades, la televisión es el canal informativo de la mayoría de la población, mientras la presencia de la prensa impresa se muestra en claro retroceso. Sin [...]
- 2
- read
Nuevas corrientes comunicativas, nuevos escenarios didácticos
J. Aguaded Gómez, M. Pérez-Rodríguez

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2001). Vol. 9, (1), 51

Abstract
Los autores de este trabajo recogen en estas reflexiones sus consideraciones acerca de la importancia de las nuevas tendencias comunicativas y los nuevos contextos didácticos como dos referentes conceptuales clave para entender el sentido cada vez más definido de la Educación en Medios de Comunicación, entendida ésta como eje central para la percepción de un currículum comprensivo que prepare a los chicos y chicas de hoy para ser ciudadanos autónomos e inteligentes en el universo mediático de la sociedad de nuestros días.
Abstract
Los autores de este trabajo recogen en estas reflexiones sus consideraciones acerca de la importancia de las nuevas tendencias comunicativas y los nuevos contextos didácticos [...]
- 4
- read
Historia de la fotografía
E. Martínez-Salanova Sánchez, P. Martínez Peralta

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2001). Vol. 9, (1), 50
- 0
- read
El marketing aplicado a las ONGD: coherencias e incoherencias en relación con la educación para el desarrollo
X. Latorre Tapis

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2001). Vol. 9, (1), 49

Abstract
Actualmente toda ONG, que tenga como objetivo subsistir dentro del sector de la cooperación, ha tenido que adaptarse a las técnicas del marketing y la publicidad para asegurar sus ingresos económicos, a través de donaciones privadas. Este artículo analiza si las acciones de las ONG, en este sentido, van acordes con sus objetivos de educación para el desarrollo y promoción de la cultura de la solidaridad dentro de sus sociedades, específicamente la española, o si son objetivos paralelos pero no necesariamente complementarios. Finaliza exponiendo las potencialidades de la publicidad como herramientas para el fomento de la cultura de la solidaridad.
Abstract
Actualmente toda ONG, que tenga como objetivo subsistir dentro del sector de la cooperación, ha tenido que adaptarse a las técnicas del marketing y la publicidad para asegurar [...]
- 0
- read
Comunicación para un proyecto de comunidad, participación y desarrollo
C. Viale Yerovi

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2001). Vol. 9, (1), 48

Abstract
En 1997 la autora de este trabajo fue invitada por UNICEF a diseñar y dirigir un proyecto de comunicación para la promoción de los derechos de las niñas y los niños de las zonas rurales andinas de Perú. Esta experiencia permitió que un grupo de jóvenes y adolescentes de los departamentos de Cusco y de Cajamarca, recordando a los mensajeros peruanos de otros tiempos, emprendieran la tarea de recorrer plazas, calles, caseríos y comunidades de los Andes, difundiendo la necesidad del respeto y vigencia de los derechos de los niños como condición para alcanzar el bienestar y el desarrollo al que as-piran sus pueblos.
Abstract
En 1997 la autora de este trabajo fue invitada por UNICEF a diseñar y dirigir un proyecto de comunicación para la promoción de los derechos de las niñas y los niños de [...]
- 0
- read
La pobreza no es cuestión de estudios, sino de soluciones
D. González

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2001). Vol. 9, (1), 47

Abstract
El grado de conocimiento, en cuanto a información y concienciación ciudadana, es, a nivel general, ya más que suficiente como para fomentar la reflexión en torno a qué se puede hacer para la búsqueda de soluciones ante el grave problema de la pobreza, ya que la sociedad tecnologizada no ha sido la panacea que algunos vaticinaban para el progreso social y la erradicación de las diferencias. Se hace necesario, por tanto, asumir un grado de compromiso intelectual, personal y colectivo, que supere la reflexión y se encamine a la búsqueda de acciones que transformen las ONG en verdaderas organizaciones para el cambio social.
Abstract
El grado de conocimiento, en cuanto a información y concienciación ciudadana, es, a nivel general, ya más que suficiente como para fomentar la reflexión en torno a qué [...]
- 0
- read
Franja Metro: Tres horas no violentas…
A. Jaramillo Hoyos

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2001). Vol. 9, (1), 46

Abstract
En un contexto como el colombiano, donde se vive un conflicto armado que parece no tener una solución próxima, el programa de televisión educativa, «Franja Metro», se muestra como un espacio para que la infancia del país tenga una alternativa al bombardeo de imágenes violentas de la televisión. El autor de este trabajo nos muestra esta experiencia audiovisual como alternativa solidaria y cooperativa en un difícil contexto social.
Abstract
En un contexto como el colombiano, donde se vive un conflicto armado que parece no tener una solución próxima, el programa de televisión educativa, «Franja Metro», se [...]
- 0
- read
Films etnográficos: la construcción audiovisual de las «otras culturas»
Á. Montes Del Castillo

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2001). Vol. 9, (1), 45

Abstract
Los medios de comunicación de masas caminan hacia la homogeneización comunicativa y el pensamiento único. Una de las formas de romper esquemas etnocéntricos y acceder al estudio de «otras culturas» es la utilización, también en las aulas universitarias, de técnicas audiovisuales que permiten la elaboración de un discurso antropológico visual. El autor analiza el interés que los films etnográficos en los que se filma la acción desde dentro de una cultura, permitiendo al futuro espectador situarse dentro de la acción y acercarse así «a otras culturas» generando una interpretación que va más allá de las imágenes captadas por la cámara.
Abstract
Los medios de comunicación de masas caminan hacia la homogeneización comunicativa y el pensamiento único. Una de las formas de romper esquemas etnocéntricos y acceder [...]
- 0
- read
Inmigrantes en la escuela: un espacio para la cooperación
O. Vázquez Aguado

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2001). Vol. 9, (1), 44

Abstract
Considerando que la educación para la cooperación y el desarrollo no sólo es un medio para sensibilizar en relación a realidades ajenas a nuestro entorno inmediato, planteamos en este trabajo que la presencia de los niños inmigrantes en el sistema educativo, a pesar del tratamiento ofrecido a la diversidad en el mismo, es una oportunidad para llevar a cabo una educación en claves de cooperación que implique a toda la comunidad escolar. En este proyecto, el uso crítico de los medios de comunicación nos ofrece posibilidades de conseguir este objetivo.
Abstract
Considerando que la educación para la cooperación y el desarrollo no sólo es un medio para sensibilizar en relación a realidades ajenas a nuestro entorno inmediato, planteamos [...]
- 0
- read
A la izquierda de Internet: las redes ciudadanas y las nuevas formas de organización civil
D. Llistar

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2001). Vol. 9, (1), 43

Abstract
Dentro de las posibilidades de las nuevas tecnologías de la comunicación, Internet adquiere un papel protagonista por las posibilidades que ofrece. A partir de algunas experiencias, como las que se presentan en este artículo, hoy es posible considerar este medio de comunicación global e interactivo como uno de los recursos de comunicación con mayor potencial para la formación y fortalecimiento de la cultura democrática, la educación para el desarrollo y la movilización ciudadana.
Abstract
Dentro de las posibilidades de las nuevas tecnologías de la comunicación, Internet adquiere un papel protagonista por las posibilidades que ofrece. A partir de algunas experiencias, [...]
- 0
- read
Medio y medio: para venderte mejor
L. Garrido

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2001). Vol. 9, (1), 42

Abstract
La publicidad es una de las herramientas fundamentales de la economía de mercado, así como también un reflejo muy aproximado de los anhelos, frustraciones y comportamiento de las sociedades que la producen. En este artículo, la autora pretende demostrar cómo la publicidad puede ser una herramienta de transformación del inconsciente colectivo y, sus técnicas, elementos de denuncia social.
Abstract
La publicidad es una de las herramientas fundamentales de la economía de mercado, así como también un reflejo muy aproximado de los anhelos, frustraciones y comportamiento [...]
- 0
- read
De las escuelas industrialistas a los modelos educativos alternos para el siglo XXI
J. Matos López

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2001). Vol. 9, (1), 41

Abstract
El autor de este trabajo nos introduce en un singular recorrido por la evolución de las escuelas desde el modelo industrialista del siglo pasado hasta la aparición de las nuevas tecnologías de la comunicación y la información, finalizando con propuestas de nuevos modelos en función de las necesidades de formación que la sociedad del conocimiento y las convergencias culturales están demandando.
Abstract
El autor de este trabajo nos introduce en un singular recorrido por la evolución de las escuelas desde el modelo industrialista del siglo pasado hasta la aparición de las [...]
- 0
- read
Los medios de comunicación ayudan a la gestación de una cultura inter-étnica
E. Martínez-Salanova Sánchez

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2001). Vol. 9, (1), 40

Abstract
Los medios de comunicación de masas, al mismo tiempo que son vehículo de colonización y de transmisión cultural, permiten a los ciudadanos, a los grupos étnicos más reducidos o de menos poder social y cultural, acceder a la información de la misma forma que los más capaces económicamente. Al mestizaje biológico, indiscutible como elemento de crecimiento en la historia de la especie humana y de sus variedades étnicas, se une el mestizaje cultural, necesario para la supervivencia de la especie humana. El cine, la fotografía, el mundo de la imagen y de los medios de comunicación ayudan a establecer las pautas de conducta para que las sociedades se solidaricen. El resto es responsabilidad de cada sociedad, de sus familias y de su sistema educativo.
Abstract
Los medios de comunicación de masas, al mismo tiempo que son vehículo de colonización y de transmisión cultural, permiten a los ciudadanos, a los grupos étnicos más [...]
- 1
- read
Solidaridad y medios de comunicación: hacia una pirámide de colaboración
S. Froufe Quintas

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2001). Vol. 9, (1), 39

Abstract
Reflejar la importancia de la solidaridad como bien universal necesario y los espacios para practicarla es la aspiración que se propone el autor de este trabajo, que incide en la importancia que tienen los medios de comunicación de masas para que la «pirámide» actual se invierta y se creen servicios de ayuda a fin de que las personas más necesitadas y excluidas encuentren el desarrollo social coherente y democrático. De esta forma, ser solidario es un derecho y un deber dentro de una sociedad justa.
Abstract
Reflejar la importancia de la solidaridad como bien universal necesario y los espacios para practicarla es la aspiración que se propone el autor de este trabajo, que incide [...]
- 2
- read
Las organizaciones no gubernamentales y la comunicación de masas: posibilidades de movilización
C. Grzybowski

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2001). Vol. 9, (1), 38

Abstract
Los medios de comunicación de masas representan una herramienta fundamental en la creación de la cultura democrática y sociedades críticas y activas, como base para la defensa de los derechos fundamentales y la presión política. En este artículo se hace una reflexión sobre este tema a partir de la experiencia del Instituto Brasileño de Análisis Sociales y Económicos, partiendo de una revisión sobre las organizaciones no gubernamentales desde la perspectiva del Sur.
Abstract
Los medios de comunicación de masas representan una herramienta fundamental en la creación de la cultura democrática y sociedades críticas y activas, como base para la [...]
- 2
- read
Ni globalizados ni globalizadores: las nuevas tecnologías como herramientas para el desarrollo
M. Paseta

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2001). Vol. 9, (1), 37

Abstract
El concepto de «desarrollo» ha venido evolucionando a lo largo de las últimas cinco décadas, desde sus enfoques más asistencialistas y economicistas hasta lo que hoy llamamos «desarrollo humano». La autora de este trabajo –coordinadora del monográfico– plantea cómo las nuevas tecnologías y técnicas de la comunicación pueden ser una herramienta fundamental para alcanzar el objetivo del desarrollo humano, sostenido en el afianzamiento de la cultura democrática en nuestras sociedades como base para la lucha por el respeto a los derechos individuales y colectivos.
Abstract
El concepto de «desarrollo» ha venido evolucionando a lo largo de las últimas cinco décadas, desde sus enfoques más asistencialistas y economicistas hasta lo que hoy [...]
- 1
- read
Presentación de temas
M. Paseta

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2001). Vol. 9, (1), 36
- 0
- read
Medios y educación para la cooperación y el desarrollo
J. Aguaded Gómez

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2001). Vol. 9, (1), 35
- 0
- read
La cooperación al desarrollo, una apuesta institucional
A. Ortega García

Comunicar. Media Education Research Journal (2001). Vol. 9, (1), 34
- 0
- read
Reviews Caplletra 30
A. diversos

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2001). Vol. 16, (1), 1

Abstract
Reviews del Caplletra 30 (Spring, 2001) Jaume Aulet, «Una ofrena per a Josep Carner», ressenya de Jordi Sala, L'estètica de Josep Carner. La poesia de tema amorós, Barcelona, Curial Edicions Catalanes / Publicacions de l'Abadia de Montserrat, 2000, 285 pp.Agustín Rubio Vela, «Els orígens d'un país», ressenya d'Enric Guinot, Els fundadors del Regne de València. Repoblament, antroponímia i llengua a la València medieval, 2 vol., València, Edicions 3i4, 1999, 555 + 696 pp.Joaquim Martí i Mestre, «Entre el folklore i la filologia», ressenya d'Antoni M. Alcover, Aplec de Rondaies Mallorquines d'En Jordi d'es Racó, edició a cura de Josep A. Grimalt amb la col·laboració de Jaume Guiscafrè, Mallorca, Moll, 1996 (vol. I) i 1998 (vol. II).Jaume Riera i Sans, «Un viatge pels llibres», ressenya d'Ignasi M. Puig i Ferreté & M. Assumpta giner Molina, Índex codicològic del "Viage literario" de Jaume Villanueva. Premi Ramon D'Alòs-Moner 1979, Barcelona, Institut d'Estudis Catalans («Memòries de la Secció Històrico-Arqueològica», XLIX), 1998, 208 pp.
Abstract
Reviews del Caplletra 30 (Spring, 2001) Jaume Aulet, «Una ofrena per a Josep Carner», ressenya de Jordi Sala, L'estètica de Josep Carner. La poesia de tema amorós, Barcelona, [...]
- 0
- read
Reviews Caplletra 31
A. diversos

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2001). Vol. 16, (2), 13

Abstract
Reviews Caplletra 31 (Autumn, 2001) Josefina Carrera i Sabaté, ressenya de Joaquim Viaplana, Entre la dialectologia i la lingüística, Barcelona, Publicacions de l'Abadia de Montserrat, 1999.Biel Sansano, ressenya de Ramon X. Rosselló, Anàlisi de l'obra teatral (Teoria i pràctica), pròleg d'Antoni Tordera, València/Barcelona, IIFV/PAM, 1999, 256 pp.Júlia Todolí, ressenya de Mercè Lorente, Núria Alturo , Emili Boix, Maria-Rosa Lloret & Lluís Payrató (ed.), La gramàtica en l'estudi de la variació, Barcelona, PPU, 2001.Joaquim Espinós, ressenya de Ferran Carbó, Dolores Jiménez, Elena Real i Ramon X. Rosselló (ed.), Les literatures catalana i francesa: postguerra i "engagement", Barcelona, Publicacions de l'Abadia de Montserrat, 2000.Laia Arenas, ressenya de Joan Júlia i Muné (ed.), L'ensenyament del català com a L2: de la teoria a la pràctica, Lleida, Universitat de Lleida, 2000, 228 pp.
Abstract
Reviews Caplletra 31 (Autumn, 2001) Josefina Carrera i Sabaté, ressenya de Joaquim Viaplana, Entre la dialectologia i la lingüística, Barcelona, Publicacions de l'Abadia [...]
- 0
- read
Anàlisi contrastiva de la innovació lèxica en català i en castellà
M. Cabré, J. Freixa, E. Solé

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2001). Vol. 16, (1), 11

Abstract
The contrastive analysis of a corpus of neologisms is an appropriate way to describe and analyse the mechanisms of lexical innovation used to update the lexicon. It also shows the degree of linguistic coincidence and helps make hypotheses on the influence of some languages on others. The synchronic study of several neologisms from the Neology Observatory highlights the degree of coincidence and divergence between Catalan and Spanish with respect to two aspects: (i) the mechanisms of innovation (morphological, semantics and borrowings) and (ii) the resulting neologisms. This analysis also allows to make some hypotheses about the influence of Spanish and other languages on Catalan.
Abstract
The contrastive analysis of a corpus of neologisms is an appropriate way to describe and analyse the mechanisms of lexical innovation used to update the lexicon. It also shows [...]
- 0
- read
L'expressió de les hores en català: anàlisi contrastiva
M. Torres i Vilatarsana

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2001). Vol. 16, (1), 7

Abstract
What time is it? Prefaced by this question, this paper investigates a number of ways to express the time in Catalan from a dialectal and pragmatic perspectiva. In this article, all dialectal varieties of the two main ways to tell the time (one based on the next hour, i.e. “one quarter of nine”, and the other based on the current hour, i.e. “eight and a quarter”) from the data from 190 locations surveyed for the Atles Lingüístic del Domini Català are described. The results of this analysis are compared to descriptive and normative proposals: grammars, style manuals, dictionaries, and other information sources. Finally, we give an account of the decline or the success of the two ways to tell the time in Catalan dialects by comparing them with the common ways to tell the time in neighbor languages, and by identifying aspects of linguistic economy and the degree of similarity between the ways, and by studying their sociolinguistic development.
Abstract
What time is it? Prefaced by this question, this paper investigates a number of ways to express the time in Catalan from a dialectal and pragmatic perspectiva. In this article, [...]
- 0
- read
Els derivats d'«esse» i «stare» en les llengües romàniques
J. Ramos

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2001). Vol. 16, (1), 4

Abstract
This paper presenta a contrastive analysis of the Romance verbs derived from ESSE and STARE. The lexical and syntactic characteristics of these verbs in Latin and their locative and atributive uses clearly contrast with actual Romance uses. This contrast highlights the variable extension of the verbs derived from STARE assuming the space of those derived from ESSE.One extreme of the clyne is represented by the Hispanic languages (i.e., Spanish, Portuguese and Catalan), which have developed more uses and thus extended further the STARE forms. On the opposite extreme, there is French, which has no STARE uses. In between, there are Occitan, Sardinian, Italian and Romanian, which include some forms derived from STARE, but their extension is inferior to the extension reached in the Hispanic languages. The analysis focusses on the factors that have interacted and influenced on this extension of use and points to the present tendencies.
Abstract
This paper presenta a contrastive analysis of the Romance verbs derived from ESSE and STARE. The lexical and syntactic characteristics of these verbs in Latin and their locative [...]
- 0
- read
Les activitats no són accions (situacions i tipus de text en anglès i en català)
N. Alturo

Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia (2001). Vol. 16, (1), 2

Abstract
This paper seeks to show that Activities do not form a natural class with neither Actions nor States. We suggest that these categories are not objective situation classes, but different (subjective) ways of conceptualizing the dynamics and the discreteness of a given situation. Having been a situation conceptualized as an Action, an Activity or a State (non-discrete o discrete), the discourse chunk which represents it is organized according to a particular mode or textual type which reflects the speaker perspective: a narrative, an exposition of activities, an exposition of states, or a description. Provided that Activities determine one particular way of organizing the discourse structure, it does not make sense to include them into neither of the other two classes. A comparison of English texts with Catalan texts contributes, in this paper, to make more obvious the need for an independent treatment of Activities.
Abstract
This paper seeks to show that Activities do not form a natural class with neither Actions nor States. We suggest that these categories are not objective situation classes, [...]
- 0
- read