Abstract

ISSN 0769-6464; Les deux premières sessions visent à faire le point sur les tendances d'usage de la voiture en ville, afin d'apprécier les marges de manœuvre réelles, tant par une réduction de son usage que pour inciter à une mobilité de proximité. Le poids du passé (nature des tissus urbains, politiques de stationnement, etc.) peut-il être rapidement contrecarré ? De même, la voiture évolue pour devenir plus propre, moins consommatrice d'espace et s'intéresse à la multimodalité, mais cela suffit-il pour réduire la congestion et la pollution en ville ?

Abstract

Cet ouvrage constitue les actes du colloque international sur le financement des transports urbains qui s'est tenu à Lyon en 1984. Le vrai sujet du colloque a été la crise du financement des transports urbains et en particulier du transport public. Cette crise a une apparence qui est la dérive, devenue peu supportable, du financement public des transports collectifs. Elle a une réalité, constituée de l'ensemble des processus qui déterminent cette dérive. Après avoir abordé en introduction les enjeux du financement des transports publics ainsi que l'efficacité et les dépenses des transports urbains, ce document regroupe les différents sujets traités lors d'ateliers : les tendances lourdes et les aspects macro-économiques ; les aspects institutionnels du financement ; le système urbain, système de transport et financement ; la contrepartie sociale du financement ; les nouvelles modalités de financement ; la politique de tarification ; les expériences de tarification ; la dérive et la maîtrise des coûts.

Abstract

This work is reproduced here with the kind permission of the publisher, ISEAS - Yusof Ishak Institute, http://bookshop.iseas.edu.sg; International audience; There is no point in attempting to formulate a synthesis of the présentations contained in the présent publication given the diversity of the subjects. Our ambition here is, firstly, to recapitulate on some of the issues dealt with by the PRUD (Urban Research Programme for Development) projects, as well as to review some of the main characteristics of urban mutations in Vietnam during the current transition period as outlined in the work carried out by the research teams. Secondly, we will suggest orientations for future research: based on existing knowledge accumulated through research projects carried out within the scope of the PRUD, we will either further investigate current thèmes and issues or explore new ones.

Abstract

The urban transport sector has become one of the major contributors to global CO2 emissions. This paper investigates the driving forces of changes in CO2 emissions from the passenger transport sectors in different cities, which is helpful for formulating effective carbon-reduction policies and strategies. The logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) method is used to decompose the CO2 emissions changes into five driving determinants: Urbanization level, motorization level, mode structure, energy intensity, and energy mix. First, the urban transport CO2 emissions between 1960 and 2001 from 46 global cities are calculated. Then, the multiplicative decomposition results for megacities (London, New York, Paris, and Tokyo) are compared with those of other cities. Moreover, additive decomposition analyses of the 4 megacities are conducted to explore the driving forces of changes in CO2 emissions from the passenger transport sectors in these megacities between 1960 and 2001. Based on the decomposition results, some effective carbon-reduction strategies can be formulated for developing cities experiencing rapid urbanization and motorization. The main suggestions are as follows: (i) Rational land use, such as transit-oriented development, is a feasible way to control the trip distance per capita (ii) fuel economy policies and standards formulated when there are oil crisis are effective ways to suppress the increase of CO2 emissions, and these changes should not be abandoned when oil prices fall and (iii) cities with high population densities should focus on the development of public and non-motorized transport. Document type: Article

Abstract

What is the added value of transnational cooperation for the development of transport solutions in North-Western Europe? To what extent are local stakeholders inspired by the experience and the knowledge gathered elsewhere? What are the benefits and the challenges of cooperation across national borders for the development of innovative transport solutions? The SINTROPHER project offers an excellent opportunity to address these issues and to contribute to recent academic and policy debates on the added value of transnational cooperation. Based on a comparative assessment of the development of new or improved tram projects in the five SINTROPHER partner regions, this study explores the added value of transnational cooperation for the diffusion and transfer of cost-effective transport solutions. 84294