Abstract

The purpose of this chapter is to provide a contemporary statement of existing approaches to transport-land use planning in urban and regional areas to advise practising transport planners and students. The chapter concentrates on the knowledge that are available for the synthesis, analysis, and evaluation of alternative land use-transport-systems plans and regulations. First, the transportation planner must develop an understanding of the planning process before attempting to address herself to the broader polices issues. The first objective of this chapter is to provide transportation planners with an understanding of the land-use models and their application to urban and regional planning problems. The final objective covers policy, regulations and plans. Absence of physical space between people and firms is the definition of Economists to cities. Cities appear to supply the necessity to eliminate transport costs. Density lowers the costs of interacting with other people and speeds the flow of goods, people and ideas. The location and structure of cities is driven by the desire to eliminate transport costs. In this context, transportation technologies have been the primary determinant of the location and structure of cities. There is increasing concern across the world about increasing traffic congestion and the costs it imposes, particularly on accessibility, the environment, other social factors, such as accidents, and the economy in general. Growing personal car-mileage is engendering the well-known effects on the environment and transport systems, especially roads, which are not able to cope with the increasing amounts of traffic. Further development of innovative, integrated and well-balanced policies is strongly needed. Strong and ongoing growth in mobility, especially in road traffic, means that transport trends are unsustainable if only current policies are pursued: with constraints on resources, space, safety and the environment there are only limited possibilities to extend transport supply to safeguard accessibility. It is quite clear that the need for travel cannot really be avoided; it is crucial for the performance of social and economic functions in any society. People are not travelling much more often than twenty years ago, but they are travelling further and with greater use of the private car. Increasing car ownership is a central component of this (Transland, 2000). There is a lack of knowledge about the interaction between land use and transport and the related planning consequences. Institutional demands for integrated policymaking is 13 Document type: Part of book or chapter of book

Abstract

This chapter presents an analysis of transport services in the context of regional transport planning. It proposes to use specially designed accessibility indicators, which allow to really apprehend the quality of the services supplied to different segments of the population and help to assess alternatives solutions. The methodology is applied to the case of Lille as a region capital, and in particular to its main stated objective of enabling people to reach the region capital in less than one hour from the major surrounding urban centres. The improvement of accessibility may be classically measured in many ways, especially using GIS techniques. Nevertheless, the classical accessibility indicators do not provide a correct measurement of the travel times through a scheduled transport system. The railway service architecture –the way omnibuses and expresses are associated in the transport supply– and the intramodal transfers cause strong bias in the usual measurements of the travel times. Moreover, the travel demand is strongly constrained by the daily urban rhythms and the location of the major traffic attracting activities. These are the source of difficult peak hours traffics to which transport supply should be better adapted. To deal with these problems, new accessibility measurements are proposed, which use scheduled graph modelling. They integrate the full information of transport time-tables of the regional rail transport system in order to model the transport supply of a usual week day. The accessibility measurements produced by this model provide an assessment of the way the transport system can address the spatial planning policy objective of setting the major regional urban centres within one hour of Lille. Document type: Part of book or chapter of book

Abstract

Transport systems are major emitters of greenhouse gases, which makes environmental sustainability of any transport a crucial issue. Another issue is the lack of a systematic approach to the modeling and implementation of public transport systems. Finally, there are problems with the human interfaces to public transport systems, which do not encourage, and many do not allow, comfortable and simple interaction with the system. In this chapter, the authors discuss their solutions for these problems, explaining how to cover the existing gaps in a methodological and systematic way. The main contribution of this chapter is a model of an on-demand transport system that covers all the points mentioned above and focuses on spatial planning and optimizations including environmental issues in transport planning. Document type: Part of book or chapter of book

Abstract

In this paper four energy scenarios for Westy-European passenger transport are developed. To start with, the present transport system as a base-line case is described and analysed. Next, for each scenario we sketch how the passenger transport system may look like in terms of the use of various existing and future transport technologies and the corresponding model split. Based on this information, expected energy consumption features of the various transport modes are described, data on the present fuel supply and electricity generation system are offered, and estimations of the future energy system are given. Then, the energy consumption and CO2 emissions associated with the future passenger transport systems are stressed and these impacts are compared with the current system. The conclusion is that a large-scale reduction of CO2 emissions is possible in several ways. Each way will cause many problems, since drastic policy measures will have to be introduced, which may affect economic growth and the lifestyles of individuals.

Abstract

The paper explores the significance of human potentials management in micro and macro transport systems and investigates to what extent do the human potentials represent the factor of growth and development of transport systems. The facts gathered in this paper should represent the quantitative starting points for viewing the specifics of transport service productions and future movements on the transport labour market, and the possibilities of information technologies implementation in transport human potentials management optimizations, all with the aim of producing new and of improving the inherited comparative advantages of the Croatian transport systems. Temeljni cilj ove znanstvene rasprave jest istražiti značenje upravljanja ljudskim potencijalima u mikro i makro prometnim sustavima, odnosno mogu li i u kojoj mjeri ljudski potencijali biti čimbenikom rasta i razvoja prometnih sustava. Dobivene spoznaje u ovoj znanstvenoj raspravi trebaju predstavljati kvalitetna polazišta za sagledavanje specifičnosti proizvodnje prometnih usluga i budućih kretanja na prometnome tržištu rada, te mogućnosti implementacije informacijskih tehnologija u optimalizaciji upravljanja ljudskim potencijalima u prometu, a sve s ciljem proizvođenja novih i oplemenjivanja naslijeđenih komparativnih prednosti hrvatskoga prometnoga sustava.

Abstract

The paper presents an approach to the problem of railway-road level crossings. The goal is to improve safety in the transport system network, which includes a considerable number of "inadequately protected" crossings. The single crossing, in its abstract sense, is considered to be a system consisting of four subsystems: the external world, the crossing in its strict sense of the word, the railway and the road. The system analysis of the problem is based on an exhaustive set of bibliography, listed at the end of the paper. This analysis leads to many findings and those exerting the greatest impact are selected as the basis for the synthesis. The synthesis proposes a triangle of variables: time period, critical points on the railway network and the value of the risk indicator. This simple model may include also other variables by converting relevant values. The main result is the risk indicator over the network. It can be used for various scenarios, thus enabling their mutual comparison as well as application in investment studies. Članek obravnava problem nivojskih križanj železnice in ceste. Cilj je izboljšati varnost transportnega sistema, ki vključuje precejšnje število nezadovoljivo zavarovanih križanj. Nivojsko križanje sestavljajo štirje manjši deli: okolje, samo križanje, železnica in cesta. Analiza problema je osnovana na izčrpni bibliografiji, ki je navedena na koncu članka. Ugotovitve analize, ki imajo največji vpliv, so bile osnova za končne sklepe. Gre za preplet treh dejavnikov: časa, kritičnih točk na železniški mreži in tveganja. V ta model lahko vključimo tudi ostale dejavnike. Zaključek analize podaja dejavnike največjega tveganja na železnici, ki se lahko uporabijo za različne scenarije, omogočajo njihovo medsebojno primerjavo in se upoštevajo pri investicijskih študijah.

Abstract

The Internet and information and communication technologies (ICT) have changed everything: news, commerce, advertising, relating to others, getting information and transport too. It has changed how the people work, how they practice religion, how they date, how they spend the free time and how they travel. One of the technological innovations that are based on usage ICT in advertising space is digital signage. This article presents the results of research dedicated to investigate the relationships between customers-passengers and this new ICT technology in real environment. The results of the research stimulate the discussion about the future advertising practices in Žilina town. Based on the wide analysis of opportunities the digital signage technology in advertising practices, the presented marketing research investigates how passengers accept virtual advertising technology in urban transport system of Žilina town. Authors highlight the advantages of interactivity between digital signage technology and consumers. The conclusions of this article triggers further investigations in the area of the interactions between the digital advertising technology and passengers, and the passengers’ perception and acceptation of shopping activities on the basis of advertising in digital signage medias. Document type: Article

Abstract

The ultimate purpose of the transport system is to serve the needs and expectations of the end users, who in turn shape the system by their own behaviour, actions and investments. This paper examines, within the framework of the Large Technological Systems theory the possibility to categorise users of the transport system into homogeneous segments on the basis of their differences in daily mobility and transportation of goods. Furthermore, the potential to deepen this segmentation to describe the needs of, but later in the policy process also the social acceptance by, different user groups for new transport technology or policy, is examined.

Abstract

"jats:p"The aim of this article is the development of the system and methodology of complex control and evaluation of vehicle operators performance during multifunctional simulation. In order to achieve the above-stated aim it is necessary to solve the following principal tasks: to elaborate a theoretical model of differentiated evaluation of vehicle operator training degree according to different kinds of their functional performance; to develop the method of the differential evaluation of crew performance on full-scale aviation simulators with due consideration of the probabilistic approach on the basis of statistical processing of the data of recorded flight information. The offered theoretical model of the differential evaluation of operator performance and the methodology of standards determination developed on its basis represent a new approach to the creation of automated systems for the objective evaluation of the trainees’ qualification degree. The elaborated system of differential evaluation standards ensures a high degree of objectiveness when evaluating the degree of the vehicle operator qualification and makes it possible to carry out a comparative analysis of the operators’ qualification. Document type: Article

Abstract

Reliable transport infrastructure is one of the backbones of a prosperous economy, providingaccess to markets, jobs and social services. Sustainable Development Goal 9 (SDG9) calls forincreased access to sustainable transport infrastructure in low- and middle-income countries.Collectively, these countries will need to spend between 0.5 percent and 3.3 percent of their GDPannually (157 billion to 1 trillion US Dollars) in new transport infrastructure by 2030 – plus an additional 1 percent to 2 percent of GDP to maintain their network – depending on their ambition and their efficiency in service delivery (Rozenberg and Fay, 2019). Because of the wide spatial distribution of transport infrastructure, many transport assets are exposed and vulnerable to natural hazards, increasing costs for national transport agencies and operators. During the 2015 floods in Tbilisi, Georgia, the repair of transport assets contributed approximately 60 percent of the total damage cost (GFDRR, 2015). In the 1995 earthquake in Kobe, Japan, accessibility as measured by the length of open networks directly after the shock dropped by 86 percent for highways and by 71 percent for railways (Kazama and Noda, 2012b). Such transport disruptions necessarily have direct impacts on the local economy. Employees face difficulties commuting, access to firms is disrupted for clients, interruptions in the supply chain inhibit production, and finished products cannot be easily shipped (Kajitani and Tatano, 2014). The paper, prepared as background material for the Lifelines report on infrastructure resilience, summarizes the main findings on the risk faced by transport networks and users as a result of natural disasters and climate change, and the main recommendations for building more resilient transport networks. It starts by describing how transport disruptions affect firms and households either directly and through supply chains. It then proposes a range of approaches and solutions for building more resilient transport networks, showing that the additional cost of resilience is not high if resources are well spent. Finally, it provides a set of practical recommendations.