Abstract

Telecommunications reform, one of the pillars of President Enrique Peña Nietos highly-publicized structural reforms, was enacted to recognize as human rights access to: (i) information and communications technology; and (ii) broadcasting and telecommunications services, including broadband and the Internet. The reform also gave the Mexican government the authority to sanction or even split up companies engaged in monopolistic practices, and to establish ad hoc restrictions to minimize undue market advantages for dominant industry players – defined as companies that capture 50 percent market share measured by number of users/audience, capacity or network infrastructure. This article explores several aspects of this new legislation, including regulatory agencies; media and plurality; audience and users’ rights; restrictions to minimize market manipulation; mergers; data retention and geo-localization; and access for persons with disabilities. It also examines various aspects of the legislative process, as well as some broader implications of the new law.

Abstract

In this paper, to improve the burst loss performance, we actively avoid contentions by proposing a novel congestion control scheme that operates based on the highest (called peak load) of the loads of all links over the path between each pair of ingress and egress nodes in an Optical Burst Switching (OBS) network. Document type: Part of book or chapter of book

Abstract

In order to provide better Quality-of-Service (QoS) in large networks, several congestion pricing proposals have been made in the last decade. Usually, however, those proposals studied optimal strategies and did not focus on implementation issues. Our main contribution in this paper is to address implementation issues for congestion-sensitive pricing over a single domain of the differentiated-services (diff-serv) architecture of the Internet. We propose a new congestion-sensitive pricing framework Distributed Dynamic Capacity Contracting (Distributed-DCC), which is able to provide a range of fairness (e.g. max-min, proportional) in rate allocation by using pricing as a tool. Within the Distributed-DCC framework, we develop an Edge-to-Edge Pricing Scheme (EEP) and present simulation experiments of it. Document type: Part of book or chapter of book

Abstract

Aspects of a draft version of the Aeronautical Telecommunications Network (ATN) Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPs) under development by ISO-compliant committees of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) have been mathematically modelled using a formal description technique. The ATN SARPs are a specification for a global telecommunications network for air traffic control systems. A version of Harel’s statecharts formalism embedded within a machine readable typed predicate logic has been used as a formal description technique to construct this mathematical model. Our model has been `typechecked’ to partially validate the internal consistency of the specification. The work described in this paper has already uncovered some problems in the draft SARPs, and will provide a basis for follow-on efforts to apply formal analysis methods such as model-checking and symbolic execution to aspects of the ATN SARPs. The success of this approach suggests that typed predicate logic is useful as a syntactic and semantic foundation for specialized Formal Description Techniques (FDTs). Document type: Part of book or chapter of book

Abstract

The energy consumption from the expanding use of information and communications technology (ICT) is unsustainable with present drivers, and it will impact heavily on the future climate change. However, ICT devices have the potential to contribute signi - cantly to the reduction of CO2 emission and enhance resource e ciency in other sectors, e.g., transportation (through intelligent transportation and advanced driver assistance systems and self-driving vehicles), heating (through smart building control), and manu- facturing (through digital automation based on smart autonomous sensors). To address the energy sustainability of ICT and capture the full potential of ICT in resource e - ciency, a multidisciplinary ICT-energy community needs to be brought together cover- ing devices, microarchitectures, ultra large-scale integration (ULSI), high-performance computing (HPC), energy harvesting, energy storage, system design, embedded sys- tems, e cient electronics, static analysis, and computation. In this chapter, we introduce challenges and opportunities in this emerging eld and a common framework to strive towards energy-sustainable ICT. Document type: Part of book or chapter of book

Abstract

There is great concern over growing road accidents and associated fatalities. In order to reduce accidents, improve congestion and offer smooth flow of traffic, several measures, such as providing intelligence to transport, providing communication infrastructure along the road, and vehicular communication, are being undertaken. Traffic safety information broadcast from traffic lights using Visible Light Communication (VLC) is a new cost effective technology which assists drivers in taking necessary safety measures. This chapter presents the VLC broadcast system considering LED-based traffic lights. It discusses the integration of traffic light Roadside Units (RSUs) with upcoming Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) architecture. Some of the offered services using this technology in vehicular environment together with future directions and challenges are discussed. A prototype demonstrator of the designed VLC systems is also presented. Document type: Part of book or chapter of book

Abstract

This chapter describes the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) used for positioning and navigation applications. Although a satellite navigation system is very complex, it is common to speak of a “satellite navigation system sensor” when referring to the tools that an end user needs in order to exploit the functionalities of a satellite navigation system, and this chapter will give a general survey of this topic. Firstly, the positioning problem within the framework of a positioning satellite system will be described. Then, general GNSS descriptions and prospects will be presented, outlining the main features of the American GPS – GNSS “gold standard”; the Russian GLONASS (revived and modernized a few years ago); the European Galileo and the Chinese Bei Dou (formerly called Compass), both successfully developing; along with the Japanese QZSS and the Indian IRNSS regional navigation satellite systems. Following these will be sections that include sources of errors and receiver structures common to all GNSS. Modernization and augmentation (GBAS and SBAS) of satellite systems are treated in a specific paragraph. Finally, some brief outlines of the aerospace applications of satellite systems will conclude the chapter. Major attention has been paid to the principles of satellite positioning, to descriptions of the measurements that can be obtained from satellite signals, the way they are processed, the effects that affect the measurements and how they propagate. These choices were motivated by the fact that their principles are common to all the GNSS and can provide the reader with the tools to approach the following subject matter. Many references are also given in the bibliography for the study of particular topics in depth, but the most recent novelties are quickly outlined because the relevant research is still ongoing and new applications are emerging. Document type: Part of book or chapter of book

Abstract

The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39247-4_6 Road traffic is experiencing a drastic increase in recent years, thereby increasing the every day traffic congestion problems, especially in cities. Vehicle density is one of the main metrics used for assessing the road traffic conditions. Currently, most of the existing vehicle density estimation approaches, such as inductive loop detectors or traffic surveillance cameras, require infrastructure-based traffic information systems to be installed at various locations. In this paper, we present I-VDE, a solution to estimate the density of vehicles that has been specially designed for Vehicular Networks. Our proposal allows Intelligent Transportation Systems to continuously estimate the vehicular density by accounting for the number of beacons received per Road Side Unit, as well as the roadmap topology. Simulation results indicate that our approach accurately estimates the vehicular density, and therefore automatic traffic controlling systems may use it to predict traffic jams and introduce countermeasures. Barrachina Villalba, J.; Garrido Picazo, MP.; Fogue, M.; Martínez, FJ.; Cano Escribá, JC.; Tavares De Araujo Cesariny Calafate, CM.; Manzoni, P. (2013). I-VDE: A Novel Approach to Estimate Vehicular Density by Using Vehicular Networks. En Ad-hoc, Mobile, and Wireless Network. Springer. 63-74. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-39247-4_6 Senia 63 74 Document type: Part of book or chapter of book

Abstract

The deep penetration of mobile phones offers cities the ability to opportunistically monitor citizens’ interactions and use data-driven insights to better plan and manage services. In this context, transit operators can leverage pervasive mobile sensing to better match observed demand for travel with their service offerings. With large scale data on mobility patterns, operators can move away from the costly and resource intensive transportation planning processes prevalent in the West, to a more data-centric view, that places the instrumented user at the center of development. In this framework, using mobile phone data to perform transit analysis and optimization represents a new frontier with significant societal impact, especially in developing countries. Document type: Part of book or chapter of book