Abstract

This paper provides a system dynamic model for reducing the number of motorway accidents due to wrong-way driving. Motorway accidents are often fatal due to high speeds. It is therefore necessary to carry out all the possible countermeasures in order to achieve adequate traffic management. One of the reasons for motorway accidents is driving in the wrong direction. Based on the analysis of the data on motorway accidents caused by driving in the wrong direction and based on the knowledge of individual project elements of junctions and slip roads, this paper will focus on this area. The possible countermeasures, presented here for preventing drivers from driving in the wrong direction on motorways drastically reduce the number of U-turn maneuvers that result in driving in the wrong direction and influence the level of safety on motorways. With the help of this model of system dynamics the countermeasures for reducing the number of such drivers will be confirmed and their effects will be shown. Članek podaja model zniževanja prometnih nesreč zaradi nepravilne smeri vožnje na avtocestah. Prometne nesreče na avtocestah so zaradi velike hitrosti vožnje velikokrat tragične, zato je potrebno izvesti vse možne ukrepe za ustrezno upravljanja prometa. Eden od vzrokov nastanka prometnih nesreč na avtocesti je nepravilna smer vožnje. Na podlagi analiz podatkov o prometnih nesrečah zaradi nepravilne smeri vožnje na avtocestah ter na osnovi poznavanja posameznih projektnih elementov vozlišč in priključkov se pričujoče delo usmerja na to področje. Predstavljeni možni ukrepi za preprečevanje nepravilne smeri vožnje na avtocestah v veliki meri znižujejo število nepravilnih prometnih manevrov, ki imajo za posledico nepravilno smer vožnje in s tem pozitivno vplivajo na raven prometne varnosti na avtocestah. S pomočjo modela sistemske dinamike bo potrjena upravičenost ukrepov za zmanjševanje števila primerov nepravilne smeri vožnje in prikazani njihovi učinki.

Abstract

Interest in Intelligent Transportation Systems comes from the problems caused by traffic congestion, road accidents and air pollution. Traffic congestion continues to grow worldwide as a result of increased motorization, population growth, changes in population density and urbanization. Interest in ITS can also be attributed to reducing road accidents and increasing traffic safety. The most common causes for road accidents are excessive speed, inattentive driving and ignorance of the right-of-way rules. To eliminate these causes, experience, knowledge of traffic regulations and a new car are not enough % vehicle safety systems have to take part as well. Therefore, the European Union issued a directive on the installation of intelligent systems, whose functions are active support during driving, warning the driver in dangerous situations and alerting passengers of the car in case of irregularities in motor function or actions carried out by the driver that may cause danger, such as swerving while falling asleep. These systems help drivers to avoid accidents, and in the event of a collision, an emergency call is automatically made. Furthermore, they can be used to regulate traffic patterns or to reduce engine performance, which would reduce pollution. With these benefits in mind, the EU has indicated to the automotive industry that installation of these new Intelligent Transportation Systems should be mandatory in their new vehicles. Zainteresowanie Inteligentnymi Systemami Transportowymi (ITS) wynika z problemów spowodowanych przeciążeniem ruchu drogowego, wypadkami drogowymi oraz zanieczyszczeniem powietrza. Przeciążenie ruchu stale wzrasta na całym świecie, jako rezultat wzrostu motoryzacyjnego, zwiększenia liczby ludności, zmiany w gęstości zaludnienia oraz urbanizacji. Zainteresowanie ITS może również być przypisane redukcji wypadków oraz zwiększenie bezpieczeństwa na drogach. Najczęstszymi powodami wypadków drogowych są nadmierna prędkość, nieuważne prowadzenie samochodu oraz ignorowanie zasad ruchu drogowego. By wyeliminować te powody, doświadczenie, wiedza o zasadach ruchu drogowego oraz nowy samochód nie są wystarczające – powinny tu również brać udział systemy bezpieczeństwa pojazdu. Dlatego też Unia Europejska ustanowiła dyrektywę o instalowaniu inteligentnych systemów, których funkcje to aktywne wspieranie podczas jazdy, ostrzeganie kierowcy o sytuacjach niebezpiecznych oraz powiadamianie pasażerów samochodu w razie nieprawidłowości w działaniu silnika lub o działaniach powodowanych przez kierowcę, które mogą powodować niebezpieczeństwo, takie jak zbaczanie z drogi w wyniku zasypiania. Systemy te pomagają kierowcom zapobiec wypadkom oraz w razie kolizji wykonują automatycznie telefon alarmowy. Co więcej, mogą być stosowane do regulowania wzorców ruchu lub redukcji osiągów silnika, co zmniejsza ilość zanieczyszczeń. Mając na uwadze te korzyści, Unia Europejska zaleciła przemysłowi motoryzacyjnemu, instalowanie Inteligentnych Systemów Transportowych w nowych pojazdach. Document type: Article

Abstract

International audience; This paper addresses the classical graph partitioning problem applied to the air network. We consider an air transportation network with aircraft inducing a control workload. This network has to be partitioned into K balanced sectors for which the cutting flow is minimized.

Abstract

International audience; This paper presents new concepts to address the air traffic complexity modeling problem. Two new geometrical metrics have been introduced and have been found very useful to capture typical features of traffic complexity. The covariance metric is very adapted to identify disorder in a set of speed vectors and can be applied for en route airspace (en route airspace is the airspace between airports). Similarly, the Koenig metric identifies easily the curl movement organizations and can be applied to areas around airports where air traffic control procedures impose turns on aircraft trajectories.

Abstract

International audience; High volumes of pedestrians, cyclists and other vulnerable road users (VRUs) have much higher casualty rates per mile; not surprising given their lack of protection from an accident. In order to alleviate the problem, sensing capabilities of smartphones can be used to detect, warn and safeguard these road users. In this research we propose an infrastructure-less fog-based architecture named PV-Alert (Pedestrian-Vehicle Alert) where fog nodes process delay sensitive data obtained from smartphones for alerting pedestrians and drivers before sending the data to the cloud for further analysis. Fog computing is considered in developing the architecture since it is an emerging paradigm that has paramount of advantages for low-latency applications which demand mobility support, geo-distribution and location awareness. We have also defined an algorithm for accident prediction and alerting traffic accidents involving vehicles and pedestrians. PV-Alert can be deployed quickly since it is based only on users' smartphones and doesn't require special infrastructure. Simulation results show that the proposed architecture is able to render alerts in real time whichever the wireless communication technology used to connect smartphones with fog nodes (Wi-Fi or LTE). Moreover, analytical and performance evaluations depict that the new architecture outperforms other related architectures in terms of reliability, scalability and latency.

Abstract

In the last decades the private vehicle has been the most commonly used transportation mode for daily journeys. This is a National and European trend and it is due to the economic growth and the investments focused on the road infrastructures. Because of that reason, cities have been often organized in terms of planning with especial attention to road vehicles and not well prepared for pedestrians and cyclists. There is a need to change this behavior to a society that privileges the active transportation modes. However, there is the need to ensure the safety of the most vulnerable users. This Dissertation was focused on analyzing the trends of road crashes involving cyclists and pedestrians and what are the main difficulties that people using active modes face in their daily journeys. In order to reach this objective, crashes registrations involving motor vehicles and vulnerable road users (pedestrians or cyclists) in the city of Aveiro were analyzed (given by the Public Safety Police “PSP” of Aveiro). In relation to accidents involving cyclists, 68% the victims are men; this can be possibly explained because there are more men cyclists than women as was verified in the sample of the survey, but there is a lack of statistics in Aveiro on the gender distribution of cyclists involved in accidents. In a second stage, a survey was prepared with the objective to understand the main difficulties of the university community who use the active modes in their daily journeys. From the survey it has been pointed out that the main problems found are the lack of drivers’ awareness and weather conditions. The third reason was the lack of dedicate cycle lanes. On the other hand, the main motivations for biking are the reduced cost and the easiness of mobility.

Abstract

In most of the metropolitan cities in India, the road use patterns are very different from those of developed countries. In Indian cities, roads are shared by non- motorized vehicles in large numbers. The rapid urbanization in India after independence has resulted in the faster development of 23 metropolitan cities as per the 2001 census. While the alarming increase in road accidents has become a major concern in the country, which takes away more than 90,000 lives every year, a significant share of it is from the major cities. The aim of the present paper is to develop models by analyzing the road accident data at an all India level as well as for major metropolitan cities. The data for the 25 year period from 1977 to 2001 were analyzed to build models to understand the nature and extent of the causes of accidents using the concept of Smeed's formula and Andressen's equations. On the basis of population and motor vehicle growth rates, which were derived from the empirical formulae, the above models were used for estimating road accidents in seven metropolitan cities for the years 2007 and 2010. As the variation between model and observed values is negligible, models seem to perform well for both equations. Document type: Article