Abstract

This chapter raises issues and ideas for exploring resilience, stemming from various research disciplines, projected on the domain of air traffic management and aviation at interconnected system levels. Attempts are made to connect micro, meso, and macro levels in the aviation sector identifying corresponding research challenges. Examples of this ongoing research are given on how theory has already been translated into practical methodological use. Some connections between foci from Resilience Engineering, Disaster Resilience, and other research disciplines are projected on the air traffic management domain to explore how practical benefits can be obtained from these theories and which aspects of operational practice these theories connect to. The chapter shows that the concept of resilience from various research disciplines has a potentially wide application to system levels of air traffic management, and suggests resilience to be addressed from an interconnected systems perspective to provide added value to operations. Document type: Part of book or chapter of book

Abstract

Maîtres de thèse : Eric RIGAUD et Denis BESNARD; This thesis demonstrates the need to develop systemic safety assessment methods to account for the effect of performance variability on air traffic management safety. Like most modern socio-technical systems, air traffic management is so complex that it is impossible for it to be completely described. As consequence, performance cannot be completely specified because it must vary to meet performance demands. Performance variability is an inevitable asset to ensure the functioning of an organisation and at the same time can be harmful for system safety when it combines in an unexpected manner. This argument clearly indicates the need for safety assessment methods that can deal with performance variability. The Functional Resonance Analysis Method (FRAM) has the ability to model performance variability. However parts of the FRAM can be improved to expand its capabilities to evaluate performance variability. This thesis addresses this weakness and develops a methodology for the evaluation of performance variability. The methodology has been applied on a safety assessment case study for the German air traffic management domain. The results have been compared with the official results of a traditional safety assessment. The comparison shows the added valued of the proposed methodology. In particular it illustrates the possibility to identify emergent risks and human contribution to system safety.; Cette thèse montre la nécessité de développer des méthodes systémiques d'estimation de la sécurité permettant de tenir compte de l'effet de la variabilité de la performance sur la sécurité de la gestion du trafic aérien. Comme la plupart des systèmes socio-techniques modernes, la gestion du trafic aérien est tellement complexe que il lui est impossible d'être complètement décrite. Comme conséquence directe, sa performance ne peut être complètement explicitée, car elle doit varier afin de correspondre aux conditions réelles. La variabilité de la performance est un inévitable atout pour assurer le fonctionnement d'une organisation. Mais en même temps elle peut représenter une atteinte à la sécurité du système lorsqu'elle se déroule de manière indésirable ou inattendue. Cet argument indique la nécessité de méthodes d'estimation de la sécurité qui puissent traiter la variabilité de la performance. La Functional Resonance Analysis Method (FRAM) a la capacité de modéliser la variabilité de la performance. Cependant, certains points de la FRAM pourraient être améliorés dans le but de développer ses capacités a évaluer la variabilité de la performance. Cette thèse aborde ce point faible et développe une méthodologie pour l'évaluation de la variabilité de la performance. Cette méthodologie a été appliquée dans une étude de cas dans le domaine de la Gestion du Trafic Aérien Allemand. Ses résultats ont été comparés aux résultats officiels obtenus en utilisant l'estimation de la sécurité traditionnelle. La comparaison montre la valeur ajoutée de la méthodologie proposée. En particulier elle illustre la possibilité d'identifier des risques émergents et la contribution humaine a la sécurité d'un système.

Abstract

Extreme natural and man-made events can harm the road infrastructure facilities with substantial economic"br" damages. The research presented in this paper focuses on the quantification of the availability and safety of road"br" infrastructure during the occurrence of extreme events. It presents the first results of the implementation of"br" Resilience Engineering to road infrastructure. This work is carried out within the framework of the BMVI"br" Network of Experts of the German Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure as part of the"br" research ‘Quantification and prognosis of the availability and safety of road infrastructure in extreme events’"br" which is a component of the topic ‘Increasing the reliability of transport infrastructures’ lead by the Federal"br" Highway Research Institute (BASt).