Abstract

In the context of the knowledge society, it is necessary that university libraries understand that their challenges are correlated with the strategic sectors of national and regional economic development: University, State and Industry. The article seeks to generate an analysis of the relationship between R&D development and economic development, and of the strategic importance of enhancing industrial clusters through the university library as part of the third mission of universities.

Abstract

The advance in research and development will make the deployment of automated vehicles a reality in the near future. At the initial stage, semi-automated vehicles with the capability to follow each other automatically in the same lane will coexist with manually driven vehicles on the same roadway system. A number of safety and human factor issues need to be resolved before such mixing becomes possible. In this paper we analyze the effect of mixing on capacity and stability of vehicle following. We found that capacity may not always increase with the percentage of semi-automated vehicles because the intervehicle spacing has to account for driver reaction times during stopping. Semi-automated vehicles will attenuate the "slinky effects" without affecting the total travel time. © 1998 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc. "p"Conference code: 90134 Cited By :2

Abstract

xtabstract__Abstract__ Crew management in passenger rail transport is an important factor that contributes to both the quality of service to the railway passengers and to the operational costs of the train operating company. This thesis describes how the (railway) Crew Management process can be improved with the introduction of advanced decision support systems, based on advanced mathematical models and algorithms. We provide a managerial perspective on the change process, related to the introduction of these systems, and give an overview of the lessons learned. We have shown that introducing decision support can give substantial improvements in the overall performance of a railway company. Within NS, the support for the Crew Management process has led to a stable relationship between management and train crew. In addition, the lead-time of the planning process is shortened from months to hours and NS is now able to perform scenario analyses, e.g., to study effects of adjusting the labour rules. Also, NS can adjust their service when severe weather conditions are expected, by creating a specific winter timetable shortly before the day of operation. Finally, we also introduced a decision support system for real-time rescheduling of crew duties on the day of operations. This enables us to adapt the actual crew schedules very quickly. As a result, we reduce the number of cancelled trains and fewer trains will be delayed in case of unforeseen disruptions.

Abstract

International audience; This work is a twofold contribution to the analysis of conflict detection process in air traffic controllers (ATCos). The first one addresses methodological aspects and proposes a way to get responses as close as possible to controllers' actual expertise without using artifacts such as rating scales or inferring judgments from verbal material. The second objective is to compare the influence of three geometrical features of aircraft encounters and their capacity to alter an accurate perception of conflicts. The proposed methodology appeared to be useful for collecting expertise as controllers quickly appropriated it, and led to get coherent data. Its use can be envisaged when a reliable representation of mental picture of ATCos is essential. Concerning the geometrical features of aircraft trajectories, aircraft attitudes i.e., the fact they are stable, climbing of descending, entailed significant differences on detection accuracy. To a lesser extent, catch-ups and segmented trajectories showed a capacity to make an accurate perception of conflicts more difficult. These results must be interpreted as tendencies more than precise or quantified results. As the objective of this experiment was to be a pre-experiment in preparation for future collecting in the framework of the European project SESAR, a few different choices concerning the trajectories to be used in the traffic scenarios will help to precise these results.