Abstract

The photographic heritage of Catalonia is analysed, first specifying which photographs to include in this study and then describing the problems of quantifying this heritage. The online presence of this photographic heritage is assessed on the basis of the 26 Catalan institutions that manage photography archives and either make photographs available on the network or have started digitization projects that now include at least 5,000 digitized images. Of these 26 entities, 15 offer Internet access to their collection of photographs, with a total of more than 250,000 photographs available. The study details the total size of each collection, number of digitized images, and how many of these images are available online. The difference between digitized images and images available online is explained by the difficulties encountered in digitizing, cataloguing, and publishing the images online with the appropriate software and managing copyright issues related to the photographs.

Abstract

Many important filmmakers have perfected their cinematographic technique by filming advertisements. For this reason, it is not surprising that advertising materials are often included when filmmakers donate their work to a film archive. However, these materials are not always properly catalogued and their dissemination and use is quite limited. This paper describes the quantity and variety of advertising documents preserved in the Spanish film archives, emphasizes their importance as primary information sources for understanding the history of advertising in particular and of cinematography in general, and explains some of the difficulties and challenges of analysing them as documents. The challenge of documentary control of these materials lies not only in the amount of work, but 1) the lack of a methodology that encompasses all documentary procedures and 2) the lack of qualified personnel.

Abstract

The electronic books, e-books, are progressively supposed to be a real alternative to paper books. However, they face some problems. Lack of standard, monopoly interests and bussines affaires, and a lot of doubts about how to protect author´s copyrights make them a non-satisfactory proposal. However, late bussiness movements show times are changing.

Abstract

Urban freight transport is a challenge for Brazilian cities due to the lack of adequate planning for freight flow movement. Public managers also show negligence and a lack of awareness when dealing with urban logistics. Decision-support data on urban freight transport are still scarce, despite being of fundamental value to economic development. With this in mind, this paper presents problems and solutions regarding urban freight transport in Brazilian cities. Data were obtained through a survey conducted in nine cities and analysed by means of descriptive statistics and the successive intervals method. Additionally, a cluster analysis was performed to identify patterns regarding the typical characteristics of each city in order to compare and generalise the perception of retailers regarding problems and solutions at the national level. The results indicate divergent opinions among retailers from different cities, even from cities with similar socioeconomic profiles and urban dynamics. The municipalities which demonstrated the most similarities were (i) Betim and Niteroi, in the Southeast of Brazil; (ii) Palmas and Quixada, in the North and Northeast, respectively; and (iii) Palmas and Caruaru, also in the North and Northeast. The results reinforce the importance of studying the local context and involving stakeholders in the process of planning urban logistics solutions. Document type: Article