Abstract

This paper deals with issues of shaping and functioning of computer programs in the modelling and solving of multimodal transportation network problems. A methodology of an integrated use of a programming language for mathematical modelling is defined, as well as spreadsheets for the solving of complex multimodal transportation network problems. The paper contains a comparison of the partial and integral methods of solving multimodal transportation networks. The basic hypothesis set forth in this paper is that the integral method results in better multimodal transportation network rationalization effects, whereas a multimodal transportation network model based on the integral method, once built, can be used as the basis for all kinds of transportation problems within multimodal transport. As opposed to linear transport problems, multimodal transport network can assume very complex shapes. This paper contains a comparison of the partial and integral approach to transportation network solving. In the partial approach, a straight forward model of a transportation network, which can be solved through the use of the Solver computer tool within the Excel spreadsheet interface, is quite sufficient. In the solving of a multimodal transportation problem through the integral method it is necessary to apply sophisticated mathematical modelling programming languages which support the use of complex matrix functions and the processing of a vast amount of variables and limitations. The LINGO programming language is more abstract than the Excel spreadsheet, and it requires a certain programming knowledge. The definition and presentation of a problem logic within Excel, in a manner which is acceptable to computer software, is an ideal basis, for modelling in the LINGO programming language, as well as a faster and more effective implementation of the mathematical model. This paper provides proof for the fact that it is more rational to solve the problem of multimodal transportation networks by using the integral, rather than the partial method. U radu je obrađena problematika oblikovanja i funkcioniranja računalnih programa u modeliranju i rješavanju problema multimodalnih transportnih mreža. Definirana je metodologija integrirane uporabe programskog jezika za matematičko modeliranje i proračunske tablice u rješavanju problema složene multimodalne transportne mreže. Uspoređene su parcijalna i integralna metoda rješavanja multimodalnih transportnih mreža. Temeljna hipoteza postavljena u ovom radu je da se integralnom metodom postižu bolji učinci racionalizacije multimodalnih transportnih mreža, pri čemu se jednom izgrađeni model multimodalne transportne mreže temeljen na integralnoj metodi, može koristiti kao temelj za sve vrste transportnih problema u multimodalnom transportu. Za razliku od linearnih transportnih problema multimodalna transportna mreža može poprimiti vrlo složene oblike. U radu su uspoređeni parcijalni i integralni pristup rješavanja transportne mreže. Kod parcijalnog pristupa dovoljan je jednostavniji model transportne mreže koji se može riješiti uporabom računalnog alata Solver u sučelju proračunske tablice Excel. U rješavanju multimodalnog transportnog problema integralnom metodom, potrebno je koristiti sofisticirane programske jezike za matematičko modeliranje koji podržavaju uporabu složenih matričnih funkcija i procesiranje velikog broja varijabli i ograničenja. Programski jezik LINGO je apstraktniji u odnosu na proračunsku tablicu Excel i zahtijeva određena znanja o programiranju. Definiranje i prezentacija logike problema u Excelu na način prihvatljiv računalnom programu predstavlja idealnu osnovu za modeliranje u programskom jeziku LINGO, te bržu i učinkovitiju implementaciju matematičkog modela. U radu je dokazano da je problem multimodalne transportne mreže racionalnije rješavati integralnom, nego parcijalnom metodom.

Abstract

Multimodal transportation means transporting goods from a pickup point, where the operator receives the goods, all the way to the delivery location, using at least two different means of transportation, covered under the same multimodal transport contract and by only one document, regardless of the number or type of transportation vehicles used. The key factor to the optimal operation of multimodal transportation is the multimodal transport operator. It is up to this individual to compensate for various unpredictable circumstances, the complexity of the business processes, nature’s whims and carelessness. He must also organize and execute multimodal transport in all stages. Due to the above mentioned dangers and the fact that the area of liability insurance for multimodal transport operators is still being neglected, this article raises some valid points in favour of a proposal that would cover all of the transportation means as well as all the accompanying activities with a single insurance policy. The model includes 17 elements of liability insurance for a multimodal transport operator and all values which quantify the insurance elements in 2009 as well as the projected values for 2015, when progress is expected in the areas pertaining to the implementation of economical processes concerning transit development, as well as values for 2025, representing a period of innovation, reconstruction, optimization and modernization. With this supposed model for liability insurance of a multimodal transport operator, the foundation is laid for a liability insurance which would be used by a multimodal transport operator. Multimodalni transport predstavlja transport blaga od mesta, kjer je operator multimodalnega transporta prevzel blago za transport pa vse do mesta predaje blaga, z uporabo najmanj dveh različnih načinov transporta, na osnovi ene pogodbe o multimodalnem transportu in enega dokumenta, ne glede na vrsto in število uporabljenih prevoznih sredstev. Ključni faktor optimalnega funkcioniranja multimodalnega transporta predstavlja operator multimodalnega transporta. Ta mora, zaradi spleta nepredvidljivih okoliščin, zapletenosti poslovnih procesov, muhavosti narave in nepazljivosti, dobro organizirati in izvrševati multimodalni transport na vseh nivojih. Zaradi omenjenih nevarnosti in dejstva, da se še vedno ne posveča dovolj pozornosti obvladovanju in strategiji zavarovanja odgovornosti operatorja v multimodalnem transportu, ki bi skozi pregled obstoječe ureditve multimodalnega transporta z eno samo zavarovalno pogodbo krile vse vrste transporta in spremljajoče dejavnosti odgovornosti operatorja multimodalnega transporta, se v tem članku poraja potreba, da predlagamo model zavarovanja odgovornosti operatorja multimodalnega transporta. Model zavarovanja odgovornosti operatorja multimodalnega transporta zajema 17 elementov in vse vrednosti, s katerimi se kvantificirajo elementi zavarovanja v letu 2009, kot tudi predpostavljene vrednosti v letu 2015, ko se pričakuje napredek v implementaciji projektov ekonomskega procesa razvoja tranzicije ter vrednosti v letu 2025, ki bi predstavljale obdobje inovacij, rekonstrukcij, optimizacij in modernizacij. S predpostavljenim modelom za zavarovanje odgovornosti operatorja multimodalnega transporta je dana osnova za zavarovanje odgovornosti, ki bi ga koristil operator multimodalnega transporta.