Abstract

This paper estimates the macroeconomic costs of CO2 emission reduction in China employing the input-output analysis with the multi-objective programming approach. The results show that the effect of reducing CO2 emissions on China’s economy is significant. Under the present conditions, the estimated macroeconomic costs of CO2 emission reduction in 2010 for China are approximately 3, 100–4, 024 RMB t - 1 . The stronger the abatement actions, the higher the macroeconomic costs of per unit emission reduction would be. Excavation industry, oil industry, chemical industry, and metal smelting industry have high potential to abate their CO2 emissions. Fan, Y., X. Zhang, and L. Zhu, 2010: Estimating the macroeconomic costs of CO2 emission reduction in China based on multi-objective programming. Adv. Clim. Change Res., 1, doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1248.2010.00027.

Abstract

International audience; In this paper, we tackle the aircraft conflict resolution problem under uncertainties. We consider errors due to the wind effect, the imprecision on the aircraft speed prediction, and the delay in the execution of maneuvers. Using a geometrical approach, we derive an analytical expression for the minimum distance between aircraft, along with the corresponding probability of conflict. These expressions are incorporated into an existing deterministic model for conflict resolution. This model solves the problem as a maximum clique of minimum weight in a graph whose vertices represent possible maneuvers and where edges link conflict-free maneuvers of different aircraft. We then present a solution procedure focusing on two criteria, namely fuel efficiency and the probability of re-issuing maneuvers in the future: we iteratively generate solutions of the Pareto front to provide the controller with a set of possible solutions where he/she can choose the one corresponding the most to his/her preferences. Intensive Monte-Carlo simulations validate the expressions derived for the minimum distance and the probability of conflict. Computational results highlight that up to 10 different solutions for instances involving up to 35 aircraft are generated within three minutes. Document type: Article