Abstract

The impacts of global climate change on ski tourism, which depends heavily on climate conditions, have increasingly gained concern overseas. This paper systematically summarized the relevant research ideas, the technical methods used, and the obtained achievements through an extensive synthesis of the previous studies. Moreover, the major shortcomings and the limitations in the recent studies are pointed in order to present a useful reference for our Chinese investigators. It indicates that the future climate warming would cause the loss of skiable areas, the shortening of skiing seasons and the sharp drop of ski visitors in many low altitude and low latitude ski resorts. The paper finally stressed that future research should pay particular attention to strengthening interdisciplinary cooperation and consider more factors about the impacts of climate-induced environmental changes on tourist flows. In the future ski resort planning and management, the possible impacts of global climate change should be taken into account. Yang, J., and C. Wan, 2010: Progress in research on the impacts of global climate change on winter ski tourism. Adv. Clim. Change Res., 1, doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1248.2010.00055.

Abstract

International audience; During the last decade the air transport market was marked by the emergence and development of the low cost carriers (LCCs). The LCCs market share in Europe was indeed multiplied by 3 in 4 years, going from 5% in 2002 to 16% in 2006. This major change in the air transport market has strongly contributed to the trend towards privatization of airport ownership and management. One main result of such changes is the development of airports? new strategies to increase their attractiveness and their competitiveness. In this context, it is particularly relevant to focus on airport strategies and their future evolution. Which type of airport will be concerned by these strategies? Will new trends in airport strategies appear? What could be the impact of airport strategies development on the traffic distribution at airports? The FAST project aims at providing answers to these questions by analyzing the potential evolution of airport strategies in the next decade according to a defined typology of airports and by analyzing the potential impacts of such future strategies on traffic distribution at airports. The project is decomposed in three work-packages.

Abstract

To provide protection to pedestrians in collision with passenger vehicles, the design and construction of a vehicle’s bumper, hood and fender panels must be addressed. TNO has undertaken a research project in conjunction with DSM to investigate how this may be done. Vehicle styling, packaging and an analysis led design process will be shown for the front of the vehicle and in particular the hood and bumper. The recommendations of EEVC working group 10 are used as a target to asses the design proposal’s suitability.

Abstract

Technology is changing the way we move and reshaping cities and society. Shared and on-demand mobility represent notable transportation shifts in the 21st century. In recent years, mobility on demand (MOD)—where consumers access mobility, goods, and services on-demand by dispatching shared modes, courier services, public transport, and other innovative strategies—has grown rapidly due to technological advancements; changing consumer preferences; and a range of economic, environmental, and social factors. New attitudes toward sharing, MOD, and mobility as a service (MaaS) are changing traveler behavior and creating new opportunities and challenges for public transportation. This chapter discusses similarities and differences between the evolving concepts of MaaS and MOD. Next, it characterizes the range of existing public transit and MOD service models and enabling partnerships. The chapter also explores emerging trends impacting public transportation. While vehicle automation could result in greater public transit competition in the future, it could also foster new opportunities for transit enhancements (e.g., microtransit services, first- and last-mile connections, reduced operating costs). The chapter concludes with a discussion of how MOD/MaaS partnerships and automation could enable the public transit industry to reinvent itself, making it more attractive and competitive with private vehicle ownership and use.

Abstract

Component: 1.1 Initial Assessment Sub-component: 1.1.4 Marine Environment Annex This Initial Assessment of anthropogenic pressures and impacts on ecosystems in OSPAR Region IV provides information on different types of pressures that are assessed under the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). The main goal of the MSFD is to achieve Good Environmental Status (GES) of EU waters by 2020. GES is defined as “The environmental status of marine waters where these provide ecologically diverse and dynamic oceans and seas which are clean, healthy and productive”. GES is described by eleven Descriptors, including nine Descriptors that are related to anthropogenic pressures, belonging to “biological”, “physical” or “substances, litter and energy” categories. For each type of pressure, this document mentions activities driving this pressure, potentially impacted areas (areas subject to high levels of pressures), and if available also information on actual impacts of the pressure on ecosystems. This document did not assess ‘input of microbial pathogens’, ‘input of genetically modified species and translocation of native species’, ‘loss of, or change to, natural biological communities due to cultivation of animal and plant species’. As the knowledge on cumulative impacts is currently limited, this report is restricted to potential and actual impacts of each pressure on the ecosystem. This report was produced as part of SIMNORAT Project (Grant Agreement N0. EASME/EMFF/2015/1.2.1.3/03/SI2.742089). Competition for maritime space – for renewable energy equipment, aquaculture and other uses – has highlighted the need to manage our waters more coherently. Maritime spatial planning (MSP) works across borders and sectors to ensure human activities at sea take place in an efficient, safe and sustainable way. That is why the European Parliament and the Council have adopted a legislation to create a common framework for maritime spatial planning in Europe. The Directive 2014/89/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 July 2014 (said Maritime Spatial Planning Directive) establishes a framework in order to reduce conflicts between sectors and create synergies between different activities, to encourage investment – by creating predictability, transparency and clearer rules, to increase cross-border cooperation – between EU countries to develop energy grids, shipping lanes, pipelines, submarine cables and other activities, but also to develop coherent networks of protected areas, and to protect the environment – through early identification of impact and opportunities for multiple use of space. The SIMNORAT project (Supporting Implementation of Maritime Spatial Planning in the Northern European Atlantic) is an EU/DG Mare co-funded cross-border project. It was launched on 1st of January 2017 and involves Portugal, Spain and France, while these countries had just designated their Competent Authorities and transposed the Maritime Spatial Planning (MSP) Directive. SIMNORAT aims to support the implementation of the MSP Directive in the waters of Portugal, Spain and France, as well as to establish cross-border cooperation mechanisms between these Member States, to contribute to the coherence of their marine spatial plans to be established in 2021. The action ran until 31st of January 2019 and was based on a partnership of public bodies of the countries and one international organisation. It was composed of UAVR, CEDEX, IEO, AFB, CEREMA, Shom, and CPMR. Shom acted as coordinator. The objectives of the SIMNORAT project were addressed through a variety of activities and desktop or case studies. They are dedicated to identifying the methodology steps, and explore the challenges and opportunities of the MSP implementation in the Northern European Atlantic, including thus related to transboundary issues (Ecosystem based approach, marine policies, OSPAR Convention, Land Sea Interactions, geographical scale of the plans, data interoperability, tools to support MSP). The project led to a multiplicity of outputs including overviews of MSP relevant information related to the countries and on more focus areas, to a number of interviews and meetings where stakeholder views were collected to feed the reasoning, and to guidelines and good practices to be shared at a national and transnational level with marine stakeholders, scientific as well as planners, administrations and authorities. In addition, SIMNORAT permitted a lot of progression internally in the countries and regarding transboundary cooperation. It led to establish and develop new dialogues and to connect the technical or scientific actors, the stakeholders, the administrations of the countries of a same sea basin, and the administrations within the countries, including the representative of Regions. It allowed to better understand Maritime Spatial Planning mechanisms, to share knowledge and as such reached to build capacities, which is of importance as there is such a need in the Atlantic area compared to more Northern countries. The project also permitted to address topics which have never been addressed before. The involvement of France and Spain in SIMNORAT and in the EU-DG Mare sister projects SIMWESTMED and SIMCelt was useful for them to develop a global vision with their neighbours in the Western Mediterranean. At the end of this exercise, it is stated the need of pursuing the work and dialogue in particular through common tools, but at this stage, the SIMNORAT project has constituted a common knowledge and background. Disclaimer: The contents and conclusions of this report, including the maps and figures were developed by the participating partners with the best available knowledge at the time. They do not necessarily reflect the national governments' positions and are not official documents, nor data. The European Commission or Executive Agency for Small and Medium sized Enterprises is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains.

Abstract

O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar qual seria o impacto da inserção dos veículos elétricos nos sistemas de distribuição de energia elétrica de duas distribuidoras brasileiras, a EDP Bandeirante e EDP ESCELSA. Como esta tecnologia ainda não se encontra em utilização no Brasil, será adotada uma abordagem prospectiva, de modo a projetar o crescimento da frota de veículos elétricos até o ano de 2020. Para que se possa simular em uma sub estação, qual será o impacto da adoção desta tecnologia. Utilizando-se das projeções de crescimento da frota, também serão quantificados o impacto na matriz energética nacional e nas emissões de gases do efeito estufa. This work, aims to evaluate the impact of the electric vehicles insertion on two power distribution utilities, EDP Bandeirante and EDP ESCELSA. How the electric vehicles aren´t a reality on Brazil, an prospective approach will be adopted, to project the growth of the electric vehicles fleet until the 2020 year, so that can be simulated in one substation, the impact that would be caused by the adoption of this technology. Using these projections, the impact on Brazilian energetic matrix, and the greenhouse gas emissions will be calculated to.

Abstract

ustralia has recently undergone a change of urban speed limits in most of its jurisdictions. The political and social shift in attitudes required for this change is significant in a country that has a strong reliance on the use of the private motor vehicle. At present five states and one territory have lowered the speed limit in urban areas from 60km/h to 50km/h. Of the remaining two states and territories, one has already implemented lower speed limits (40km/h) in small areas within cities. In the majority of cases, the only criterion for judging the success of such schemes is an observed reduction in both speeds and crash numbers. This paper reports on a more holistic assessment of such schemes taking into account factors in addition to speed and crashes including: traffic volume displacement, physical road network characteristics, environmental factors, community ownership and acceptance, enforcement effort and impact on travel times. The research work has included the analysis of extensive traffic data, community surveys and focus groups, the collection of environmental and travel time data from an instrumented probe vehicle and the computer modelling of road networks. The work reported is based on over 10 years of working with a 40km/h lower urban speed limit area in South Australia. The paper expands the notion of using speed and crash outcomes as the only criteria for measuring the success of lower speed limit schemes. Document type: Article

Abstract

The present research describes and analyzes the impacts of the anthropic transformation of the coastal strip of the city of Trujillo, due to the systematic construction and expansion of a rigid structure called sand retaining mill in the port of Salaverry. It is described and analyzed the impacts of the anthropic transformation of the strip and its consequences due to the construction of the retention molon. Satellite images, photographs and hydrographic charts were used for the respective analysis seeking to raise awareness and encourage scientists, authorities and citizens in general to conserve the coast and save it. The main impacts are referred to the modification of the coast line, adding the destruction of beaches and the alteration of ecosystems. Erosion as a phenomenon has been affecting many coastal areas, but in this one in particular the problem has increased and seems not to stop even knowing all the aspects and climatic impacts that this may generate, destabilizing natural habitats and changing the behavior of the tides by directing them to unforeseen areas. With the problem posed.

Abstract

After two-years of repeat interviewing around 170 early career science/social science researchers from China, France, Malaysia, Poland, Russia, Spain, UK and US about their work life and scholarly communications in pandemic-times, the Harbingers project is now in possession of a mountain of data on what constitutes a very important academic topic. The purpose of the paper is to share the early highlights of the data, with a focus on the main and lasting impacts of the pandemic. The data presented comes from the national interviewers, who had conducted 3 rounds of interviews with their 20 or so early career researchers (ECRs) over two years and, thus, knew them well. They were asked to provide an ‘aerial view’ by identifying the most important impacts they had detected while things were still fresh in their minds. The main findings are that: 1) ECRs, the research workhorses, have generally proved to be resilient and perseverant and some have prospered; 2) the pandemic has fast-tracked researchers to a virtual and remote scholarly world, with all the advantages and disadvantages that comes with it. The data, however, is nuanced, with significant differences occurring between countries, especially China and France. The paper also updates a literature review on the topic previously published in this journal.