Abstract

Computer simulation could be used to reduce the cost of designing human-machine systems, just as it is currently used in the design process for inanimate systems such as electronic circuits. However, past efforts have met with limited success due to difficulties modeling the human components of these systems. We have constructed a software framework and methodology for modeling human performance, APEX, that addresses several of these difficulties. This paper describes a methodology for using APEX to evaluate designs in complex, dynamic task environments; we then illustrate this process using an example from the domain of air traffic control. Document type: Part of book or chapter of book

Abstract

High reliability organizations do exist. They have been defined as those organizations that conduct thousands of high-consequence operations a year, essentially error-free. Naval air carriers, air traffic control, and commercial aviation are some of these kinds of organizations. How did they get that way? What kinds of people staff them? Can we become a high reliability organization? This workshop will look at these questions. When we are done, it will be up to you to determine whether we have the right stuff. There are six goals for this workshop: Describe Team Resource Management and its purpose; Describe Performance Shaping Factors (PSFs) and their role in predicting and managing team performance and errors; Describe the principles for managing human error; Describe TRM?s 12 rules-of-thumb (the ?Dirty Dozen?) and use of safety nets; Conduct Operational Risk Management (ORM); Demonstrate ways to keep TRM working. Document type: Report

Abstract

The goal of any operation is to complete tasks efficiently and effectively. Working safely is completely consistent with efficient, reliable operations. Working in an unsafe manner is not effective or ultimately efficient. If someone is hurt, work stops. Following the steps advocated by Team Resource Management (TRM) leads to more safe, efficient, effective work habits. TRM is a method used by teams (i.e., leaders and workers) to conduct technical business. It is used by the aviation industry to improve reliability and safety through formalizing the way it does business. High reliability organizations do exist. They conduct thousands of high-consequence operations a year, essentially error-free. Naval air carriers, air traffic control, and commercial aviation are some of these kinds of organizations. How did they get that way? What kinds of people staff them? Can we become a high reliability organization? This workshop will look at these questions. When we are done, it will be up to you to determine if we have the right stuff. The goals of this workshop are to: Describe Team Resource Management and its purpose; Describe Performance Shaping Factors (PSFs) and their role in predicting and managing team performance and errors; Describe the principles for managing human error; Describe TRM?s 12 rules-of-thumb (the ?Dirty Dozen?) and use of safety nets; Conduct Operational Risk Management (ORM); Demonstrate ways to keep TRM working. Document type: Report