Abstract

The economic and public health impact of brucellosis remains of concern in developing countries. The disease can generally cause significant loss of productivity through abortion, still birth, low herd fertility and comparatively low milk production. In Ethiopia brucellosis prevalence studies have been conducted in different agro-ecology of the country. But, in general there was information gap on disease dynamics, identification of strain circulating in the region. The paper reviewed the distribution of brucellosis in different regions of Ethiopia and its prevalence among different livestock hosts. Risk factors for the occurrence of brucellosis and finally, different strategies for the control and prevention of brucellosis under Ethiopian conditions are discussed.

Abstract

The advent of mobile computing and sensing technologies, in conjunction with omni-present and high-speed mobile networks, allow nowadays the capture of human mobility data at an extremely high fidelity. Modern mobile computing services not only have the capacity to store spatio-temporal mobile data, these nowadays also have the capability to process incoming data in near-real time. As a result, we have a better chance to develop effective strategies and build intelligent systems that play critical roles in areas like public health, traffic engineering, urban planning and economic forecasting. On the other hand, detailed movement data often poses a threat to the privacy and security of users and companies, given that mobile devices are associated with real human custodians. One fundamental question is whether human mobility computing and privacy can co-exist under the same roof, given different cultural, religious, legal, technological and socio-economic backgrounds of societies. This panel will explore how the academia and industry are tackling human mobility computing and privacy challenges at a global scale. It will also identify and debate the key challenges and opportunities, in terms of applications, queries, architectures, to which the mobile data management community should contribute. © 2015 IEEE. 2 42 43 "p"Sponsors: Aalborg University et al. IEEE Computer Society IEEE Technical Committee on Data Engineering The National Science Foundation University of Pittsburgh Conference code: 118117

Abstract

Connected Cruise Control (CCC) aims to improve throughput in dense commuter traffic on motorways by advising drivers on speed, headway and lane-use via a nomadic human-machine interface. The advice is generated from a prediction of future traffic flow, based on actual traffic-loop data and is transmitted to the in-car platform via 3.5G communication. The systems advantage compared to Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC) lies in its potential for rapid implementation and its additional support of lateral driver behaviour. It is important to note that CCC will not have direct control over the car movement. Its beneficial effect is dependent on the driver‘s willingness to comply with the advice. In turn, willingness to comply, in the long term, is also dependent on the perceived benefit of using the system. It is assumed, that to increase both the driver‘s initial willingness to comply and the perceived benefit of using the system, CCC has to reduce the frequency of situations that are seen as most unpleasant by drivers during peak hour traffic. Therefore it is important to understand what these situations are. This study determines the level of frustration caused by driver behaviour in dense motorway traffic, at a lane drop and at an on-ramp/off-ramp. The results help to identify use cases scenarios for driving simulator experiments to ensure that CCC can have a beneficial effect in these situations.

Abstract

Motivation/Research approach - An exploratory study was conducted to investigate whether eye movement metrics discriminate between different air traffic control tasks. Findings/Design - The results show the three tasks elicit different eye movement, as Yarbus (1967) also showed in static pictures, and that a number of eye tracking metrics demonstrate the differences. Research limitations/Implications - The effect was demonstrated using only one participant. The results can be used to further study various eye movement metrics. Originality/Value - The research demonstrates that different calculus distinguishes between tasks allowing targeting specific support given the type of task. Take away message - A combination of eye tracker metrics discriminates between tasks helping to provide flexible task support. © 2011 Authors.

Abstract

simulator study has been conducted demonstrating a positive effect on airsickness by utilizing a 3D artificial Earth-fixed visual pattern. Participants were exposed to the same turbulent physical aircraft motion in a simulator three times in a row, each time using a different visual cue. In one condition only the interior of the simulator cabin was visible. In another condition an Earth-fixed star field moving opposite the simulator cabin was projected in front of the participant. In a third condition the same star field was used, however with additional anticipatory information by means of a rollercoaster like track showing the trajectory to go. Participants were asked for their misery and joyfulness ratings at fixed time instants using an 11-points misery scale (no problems-vomiting) and joyfulness scale (unpleasant-pleasant). The results showed that viewing an Earth-fixed visual frame moving instantaneously opposite the cabin motion did reduce motion sickness significantly by a factor of 1.6, thereby improving comfort. This condition could be applied in air transport, where often a monitor is available in the back of the seat ahead. The largest effect, i.e., a reduction by a factor of 4.2 was realized by adding anticipatory information. Although it is not possible to predict the effect of turbulence on the aircraft motion yet, an anticipatory display might already be applicable in other domains, such as at sea by using a wave radar and a ship motion model. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Abstract

decision support tool, called Speed and Route Advisor (SARA), was developed at Schiphol Airport to help air traffic controllers achieve increased accuracy in traffic delivery. Its influence on controller performance, workload, and situation awareness was evaluated in a real-time simulation and in an operational trial. The findings indicate that this additional system support is necessary to achieve higher accuracy without increasing the controllers; workload. At the same time, controllers must stay in the loop to maintain situation awareness. This must be kept in mind while designing decision support systems such as SARA. © 2012 Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.

Abstract

Introduction : Dutch North Sea helicopter operations are characterized by multiple sector flights to offshore platforms under difficult environmental conditions. In the context of a Ministry of Transport program to improve safety levels of helicopter operations, we assessed effects of pre-duty sleep, pre-duty travel time, and workload factors on the alertness and vigilance of pilots. Method : Data of 24 pilots comprising 224 duty days were analyzed. Pilots performed 10-min test sessions after wake up, pre-duty, halfway-duty, end-duty, and at bedtime during normal duty rosters. Test sessions included completion of a vigilance task, vigor and sleepiness ratings, and questions on sleep and operational characteristics. Pilots wore an actometer to objectify sleep data. Results : Vigor scores were high and sleepiness levels were low during the entire flight duty periods (FDPs), while vigilance was impaired only 6.8% in the course of the FDPs. Pre-duty sleep before morning duties was 1.5 h shorter than sleep before duties starting after midday. Longer pre-duty travel time was correlated with shorter pre-duty sleep and lower vigilance levels during duty. Conclusion : During the FDPs, pilots maintained alertness and vigilance levels that may be considered safe in terms of alertness-related flight safety. This favorable outcome may be attributed to reasonable length of FDPs, favorable circadian start and end times of duties, sufficient opportunities for restorative pre-duty sleep, and relatively good weather conditions. Appropriate FDP scheduling is an important measure to optimize alertness of helicopter pilots who have to cope with adverse environmental conditions and limited landing and air traffic control facilities.