Abstract

This paper shows applications of a recently developed shell element to the analysis of thin shell and membrane structures. The element is a three node triangle with only translational DOFs (rotation free) that uses the configuration of the three adjacent elements to evaluate the strains. This allows to compute (constant) bending strains and (linear) membrane strains. A total Lagrangian formulation is used. Strains are defined in terms of the principal stretches. This allows to consider rubber materials and other type of materials using the Hencky stress-strain pair. An explicit central difference scheme is used to integrate the momentum equations. Several examples, including inflation and deflation of membranes show the excellent convergence properties and robustness of the element for large strain analysis of thin shells and membranes.

Abstract

Abstract

Krylov subspace recycling [1] is often deployed to accelerate the iterative solution of sequences of linear systems. Such approaches reuse a continuously updated deflation subspace to reach a converged solution within a low number of iterations. This procedure is justified for problems that describe gradually evolving phenomena, such as crack propagation, and thus involve a sequence of systems that are not simultaneously available. However considering parametric systems, these techniques might induce an unnecessary overhead cost. Specifically, by constantly updating the recycled subspace a new projection on the newly constructed subspace needs to be operated for each new system, inducing a cost that scales with O( × N2) for dense systems, where N is the size of the system and is the size of the employed recycled basis. In that context, this work proposes an accelerated recycling procedure for parametric systems that is inspired by the Galerkin Model Order Reduction strategy and employs an offline ­ online operation splitting. In the offline part, the subspace to be recycled is constructed via an Automatic Krylov subspaces Recycling algorithm (AKR) [2] and the parametric system is projected on the subspace to yield a Reduced Order Model (ROM). Then, in the online part the construction of the deflation preconditioner only requires employing the ROM and as a result the cost of constructing the preconditioner is reduced to O(2). The proposed procedure is tested on a randomly parametrized linear system and is compared the non-deflated GMRES algorithm and a conventional recycling strategy presented in [11].