Abstract

An automatic machine has been designed to obtain threads and ribbons through a continuous rotational cutting process. This machine processes plastic bottles used as containers for storage and transportation of soft drinks and non-carbonated drinks with a capacity of three liters. It is a mechatronic design, composed of simple mechanical / pneumatic, electrical and control systems, which allows to process up to fifty bottles per hour. A variety of products can be obtained; from threads with approximately 46.5 m in length and 1.6 mm thick (width) to ribbons with 11.3 m in length and 6.7 mm in width per bottle can be obtained. These products are economic raw material obtained from waste material such as plastic bottles, which are highly polluting elements of the environment due to the small percentage that is recycled especially in Ecuador. This raw material can have applications in some manufacturing processes such as the manufacture of brooms, ropes, baskets, bags, fasteners among others.

Abstract

Within the National Forest Restoration Plan of the Ministry of Environment of Ecuador, the ESPOCH herbarium identified the species used in the Autonomous Parochial Governments of the provinces of Chimborazo, Cotopaxi and Tungurahua. The different institutions sent samples to the Herbarium of the Escuela Superior Politécnica del Chimborazo. We checked that the mentioned species are native and that they correspond to the established zones, for this the catalog of vascular plants was used. We processed the information from which 17 lists of forest species belonging to 21 families, 26 Genres and 49 species were generated. The most frequent species is Alnus acuminata Kunth in all provinces. The species should be generated from the environmental conditions of each of the provinces, and the species to be used in the program should be exclusively native since it is about preserving what little we have, even using known species in the first stage. In addition, not all species can be found in native populations, but only cultivated; this is, therefore, necessary to take into account since the requirements of the species for its development are not the same.