This article compares derivation methods for constructing optimal membrane triangles with corner drilling freedoms. The term “optimal” is used in the sense of exact inplane pure-bending response of rectangular mesh units of arbitrary aspect ratio. Following a comparative summary of element formulation approaches, the construction of an optimal 3-node triangle using the ANDES template is shown to be unique if energy orthogonality constraints are enforced a priori. Two other formulation are examined and compared with the optimal model. Retrofitting the conventional LST (Linear Strain Triangle) element by midpoint-migrating by congruential transformations is shown to be unable to produce an optimal element while rank deficiency is inevitable. Use of the quadratic strain field of the 1988 Allman triangle, or linear filtered versions thereof, is also unable to reproduce the optimal element. Moreover, these elements exhibit aspect ratio lock. These predictions are verified on benchmark examples.
Abstract
This article compares derivation methods for constructing optimal membrane triangles with corner drilling freedoms. The term “optimal” is used in the sense of exact inplane pure-bending response of rectangular mesh units of arbitrary aspect ratio. Following a comparative [...]
The article has a dual historical and educational theme. It is a tutorial on finite elements templates for two-dimensional structural problems. The exposition focused on the four-node plane stress element of flat rectangular geometry, called here the “rectangular panel” for brevity. This is one of two oldest two-dimensional structural elements, soon to reach its gold anniversary. On the other hand, the concept of finite element templates is a recent development. Interweaving the old and the new throws historical perspective into the “golden age” of discovery of finite elements. Templates provide a framework in which diverse element development methods can be fitted, compared and traced back to the sources. On the technical side templates have the virtue of facilitating the unified implementation of back to the sources. On the technical side templates have the virtue of facilitating the unified implementation of element families as well as the construction of custom elements. As an illustration of customization power, the Appendix presents the construction of a four noded bending optimal trapezoid that has eluded FEM investigators for several decades.
Abstract
The article has a dual historical and educational theme. It is a tutorial on finite elements templates for two-dimensional structural problems. The exposition focused on the four-node plane stress element of flat rectangular geometry, called here the “rectangular panel” [...]