Abstract

Abstract: In this paper we argue that «passive sentence» is a cover term with no empirical import or explanatory interest, an epiphenomenon. The properties of passives are derived from the interaction of the formal properties of the functional categories involved. This strictly compositional and constructionist view allows us to gain explanatory adequacy compared to previous approaches based on the properties of individual predicates. Our leading idea is that Romance passives are in fact participial absolute constructions with a light verb (ésser or estar) merged into the structure to license its temporal and discourse features. Specifically, two layers are relevant in passive sentences: a lower area headed by an Aspect projection and a higher one in the T-C system. We tentatively explore the possibility that phase theory could account for these facts. Addressing the topic from a diachronic perspective, further support to our view comes from the discussion of the crucial the role of the perfective system and the passivizing morphology of Latin. Key words: passive sentences, diachronic syntax, aspect, functional categories, lexical structure.