Abstract

In the 1980s the carbon-mitigation strategy of Taiwan focused on the recycling of community waste (Chang and Chang, 1993). In the 1990s and 2000s the strategy shifted to reducing the Green House Effect and introducing low-carbon energy technologies such as wind power, solar power, gas, biomass energy, and other reusable energies. Many policies tried to encourage businesses to development reusable energies such as tax deductions or subsidies. Many researches attempted to evaluate the policy effectiveness of the reduction of the various types of pollution, and most of results found that the reduction effects were not as good as the policy claimed or expected (Lee, 1996, Lee, 2003,Wang, 1999). In recent years, the government has tried to embed green construction, green life and green transportation into people's lives. Document type: Part of book or chapter of book

Abstract

To limit or, even better, reduce the emission of CO2 and the corresponding global warming effects, measures should be taken in the two most polluting economic sectors: the energy and transport sectors. The Netherlands has set goals to reduce CO2 emissions, in line with global and European initiatives. To reach this target, the electricity production sector should also use more renewables and the transport sector should take measures. In the electricity sector, the Netherlands wants to realize 10 GW of installed wind power in 2020; one of the initiatives for the transport sector is to have one million EVs (electric vehicles) in the same year. When EVs are powered with electricity from renewable sources, both sectors benefit: as such, we can 'kill two birds with one stone'. To study this, we researched the possible effects on the electricity system when introducing a large number of EVs and an increasing amount of wind power. The research presented models this for the 2020 Dutch situation. The study shows that the 2020 electricity system can cope with one million EVs and 10 GW of wind power, provided that EVs are charged using a load management regime that levels the nightly electricity demand. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Abstract

A prospect of increasing penetration of uncoordinated electric vehicles (EVs) together with intermittent renewable energy generation in microgrid systems has motivated us to explore an effective strategy for safe and economic operation of such distributed generation systems. This paper presents a robust economic dispatch strategy for grid-connected microgrids. Uncertainty from wind power and EV charging loads is modeled as an uncertain set of interval predictions. Considering the worst case scenario, the proposed strategy can help to regulate the EV charging behaviors, and distributed generation in order to reduce operation cost under practical constraints. To address the issue of over-conservatism of robust optimization, a dispatch interval coefficient is introduced to adjust the level of robustness with probabilistic bounds on constraints, which gradually improves the system's economic efficiency. In addition, in order to facilitate the decision-making strategies from an economic perspective, this paper explores the relationship between the volatility of uncertain parameters and the economy based on the theory of interval forecast. Numerical case studies demonstrate the feasibility and robustness of the proposed dispatch strategy. Document type: Article