Results for "Vehicles" : Scipedia

Collection of open chapters of books in transport research

Fuel consumption and exhaust emissions of urban buses:Performance of the new diesel technology

Abstract

The research was carried out by the Finnish Public Transport Association. Altogether seven vehicles were measured, two two-axle Euro 3 -class vehicles as references, three new two-axle Euro 4 -class vehicles and two new three-axle vehicles. The measurements were carried out on a chassis dynamometer, using three cycles describing actual driving. In addition to fuel consumption, exhaust emissions were also recorded for these vehicles. The differences in fuel consumption and operating expenses were after all smaller than first anticipated. In the case of the Euro 3 -class reference vehicles, the difference between the two vehicles was as high as 7-10%. For new two-axle vehicles the difference in fuel consumption, when simulating urban driving, is only 3-4%. Due to different technical solutions, the results were anticipated to be greater. In suburban driving although, the difference is at its most 11%. In the class of two-axle vehicles, lowest fuel consumption was measured for a SCR vehicle, whereas in the case of the two three-axle vehicles, EGR technology resulted in lowest fuel consumption. The measurements do not give an unambiguous answer to whether the EGR- or SCR-technology is preferable regarding fuel consumption. The contemplation is hindered by two factors. On one hand, the order of superiority depends on the driving cycle, on the other, the actual exhaust emissions do not match with expectations. The two EGR vehicles (same make) produced higher NOx -emissions than the manufacturer's Euro 3 -engine. The most fuel efficient SCR -engine is not truly Euro 4 -class what comes to NOx -emissions. Only two of the new vehicles, both with SCR technology, produce NOx -emissions genuinely matching their classes. Both fuel consumption and exhaust emissions have been observed in the study. In case exhaust emissions were completely disregarded, fleet decisions might be directed towards fuel efficient vehicles which after all do not reach the level of emission performance that reasonably could be expected.

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Collection of open conferences in research transport

Bayesian predictive assistance system: An embedded application for resource optimization in industrial cleaning processes

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Bayesian networks (BNs) have been used in different contexts of decision support solutions such as directive, strategic, tactical and operational. These contexts differ from each other only in the realization of the decision support in terms of time. The real-time implementation of [...]

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Collection of open conferences in research transport

Improved automotive self learning system using hypothesis test triggered forgetting to adapt to change points

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Current advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) measure and evaluate every environment scenario in each trip from scratch. They are not able to draw on information of previous trips because currently a memory function in production vehicles does not exist. Learning systems for vehicles [...]

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Collection of restricted reports in transport research

Fuel consumption and exhaust emissions of urban buses

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Collection of open articles in transport research

Identifying Vehicle and Collision Impact by Applying the Principle of Conservation of Mechanical Energy

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"jats:p"Various methodologies and tools applied to identification of vehicle and collision impact seek to present more and more accurate solutions to reproduce, restore, recreate and investigate the casualty. Modern computer technology and software provide the tools to solve specific [...]

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Collection of closed articles in transport research

Current front stiffness of European vehicles with regard to compatibility

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EuroNCAP tests are carried out since 1997. The test procedure in general is comparable to the EC Directive 96/79 with a test speed of 64 km/h. This increased test speed implies a higher frontal stiffness for new vehicle designs in order to achieve a high ranking. This frontal stiffness [...]

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Collection of closed articles in transport research

Closure and trim design for pedestrian impact

Abstract

To provide protection to pedestrians in collision with passenger vehicles, the design and construction of a vehicle’s bumper, hood and fender panels must be addressed. TNO has undertaken a research project in conjunction with DSM to investigate how this may be done. Vehicle styling, [...]

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Collection of open conferences in research transport

Power Electric Aiding Controller for Automated Bus Stopping

Abstract

Day by day the number of vehicles on roads is growing, increasing also the number of accidents, traffic jams and carbon dioxide emissions. For this reason, the European Union has adopted an action plan for improving urban mobility where the public transport is the main key. To present [...]

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Collection of open conferences in research transport

Enhanced obstacle detection based on Data Fusion for ADAS applications

Abstract

Fusion is a common topic nowadays in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). The demanding requirements of safety applications require trustable sensing technologies. Fusion allows to provide trustable detections by combining different sensor devices, fulfilling the requirements [...]

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Collection of open conferences in research transport

Joint Probabilistic Data Association fusion approach for pedestrian detection

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Fusion is becoming a classic topic in Intelligent Transport System (ITS) society. The lack of trustworthy sensors requires the combination of several devices to provide reliable detections. In this paper a novel approach, that takes advantage of the Joint Probabilistic Data Association [...]

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