Abstract

it is considerably difficult to identify specific changes by using a single numeric parameter, improvements gained by a new urban public transport (UPT) facility or by an operation policy is still a challenge in the decision-making process with respect to transportation planning. Although some indicators such as service quality, capacity usage ratio, service kilometers, passenger kilometers or seat kilometers are used by planners and policy makers, these indicators may not always reflect the total gain of trip makers: to access a facility providing a specific utility. Thus, this study aims to evaluate accessibility measures as performance indicators in the UPT planning process. Three scenarios that consist of timetable regulation, central business district restriction and integration with bus rapid transit are investigated using accessibility perspective in addition to the conventional indicators obtained by using VISUM™ travel demand modeling software. The results show that the first scenario leads to a more effective UPT system in terms of accessibility. Hence, a more distinctive measure is obtained for the decision stage of UPT planning. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.

Abstract

Cet ouvrage constitue les actes du colloque international sur le financement des transports urbains qui s'est tenu à Lyon en 1984. Le vrai sujet du colloque a été la crise du financement des transports urbains et en particulier du transport public. Cette crise a une apparence qui est la dérive, devenue peu supportable, du financement public des transports collectifs. Elle a une réalité, constituée de l'ensemble des processus qui déterminent cette dérive. Après avoir abordé en introduction les enjeux du financement des transports publics ainsi que l'efficacité et les dépenses des transports urbains, ce document regroupe les différents sujets traités lors d'ateliers : les tendances lourdes et les aspects macro-économiques ; les aspects institutionnels du financement ; le système urbain, système de transport et financement ; la contrepartie sociale du financement ; les nouvelles modalités de financement ; la politique de tarification ; les expériences de tarification ; la dérive et la maîtrise des coûts.

Abstract

Within the renewable transport transition, a number of alternative technologies have emerged creating competing visions of how to reduce fossil fuel dependence. This paper examines the dynamics of competing fuels in two Swedish municipalities where electric buses have emerged, threatening incumbent biogas-based bus systems. While in Linkö ping, actors are resistant to the promise of electrification, in Malmö the shift to electrify urban buses has already begun. Here, the theoretical perspectives of obduracy and sociotechnical imaginaries are used to analyze obduracy and change in Linkö ping and Malmö , showing how the local contexts of these two municipalities influence obduracy or willingness to change. In Linkö ping, perceived connections between the biogas-based bus system and local infrastructures of renewable waste management and organic food production cause actors to place biogas buses at the center of a sustainable future region, while in Malmö linkages to the gas network (which also distributes natural gas) cause actors to question the sustainability of the fuel in use and opens up the city to welcome new electric vehicle tests. These examples show how fuel alternatives interact with each other in the wider renewable energy transition. Document type: Article

Abstract

In the work, the average operating speed of the tram is investigated on the sections with the high density of the road network. Such peculiarities are inherent to the cities where its configuration has developed historically, and trams move in the general structure of traffic flow which is predetermined by the absence of traffic capacity reserves in the old, as a rule, central part of the city. It frequently causes the reduction of the whole traffic flow speed of movement, in particular on the intersections and within public transport stops. Determination of the mutual impact of automobile movement and trams is topical because, on the one hand, trams, taking into account their dynamic and technological movement peculiarities, worsen traffic flow indicators, and on the other hand, vast traffic intensity causes downtime of the trams rolling stock in the queues before the intersection that decrease passenger transportation quality. As a result of the research reported in this paper it was managed to determine the amount of change of the average tram operating speed for different methods of traffic flow control for different times of day.