Abstract

In order realistically and cost-effectively to realize the ATM (Air Traffic Management) 2000+ Strategy, systems from different suppliers will be interconnected to form a complete functional and operational environment, covering ground segments and aerospace. Industry will be involved as early as possible in the lifecycle of ATM projects. EUROCONTROL manages the processes that involve the definition and validation of new ATM solutions using Industry capabilities (e.g., SMEs). In practice, safety analyses adapt and reuse system design models (produced by third parties). Technical, organisational and cost-related reasons often determine this choice, although design models are unfit for safety analysis. Design models provide limited support to safety analysis, because they are tailored for system designers. The definition of an adequate model and of an underlying methodology for its construction will be highly beneficial for whom is performing safety analyses. Limited budgets and resources, often, constrain or inhibit the model definition phase as an integral part of safety analysis. This paper is concerned with problems in modeling ATM systems for safety analysis. The main objective is to highlight a model specifically targeted to support evolutionary safety analysis. Document type: Part of book or chapter of book

Abstract

The energy consumption from the expanding use of information and communications technology (ICT) is unsustainable with present drivers, and it will impact heavily on the future climate change. However, ICT devices have the potential to contribute signi - cantly to the reduction of CO2 emission and enhance resource e ciency in other sectors, e.g., transportation (through intelligent transportation and advanced driver assistance systems and self-driving vehicles), heating (through smart building control), and manu- facturing (through digital automation based on smart autonomous sensors). To address the energy sustainability of ICT and capture the full potential of ICT in resource e - ciency, a multidisciplinary ICT-energy community needs to be brought together cover- ing devices, microarchitectures, ultra large-scale integration (ULSI), high-performance computing (HPC), energy harvesting, energy storage, system design, embedded sys- tems, e cient electronics, static analysis, and computation. In this chapter, we introduce challenges and opportunities in this emerging eld and a common framework to strive towards energy-sustainable ICT. Document type: Part of book or chapter of book

Abstract

An Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) is a system based on wireless communications which has been investigated for many years in order to provide new technologies able to improve safety and efficiency of road transportation with integrated vehicle and road systems. It combines all aspects of technology and systems design concepts in order to develop and improve transportation system of all kinds. ITS, which utilise information and communications technology in vehicle as well as within the roadside infrastructure, can also be used to improve mobility while increasing transport safety, reducing traffic congestion, maximising comfort, and reducing environmental impact (Andrisano et al., 2000). Intelligent transportation systems and applications can improve the quality of travel by selecting routes with up-to-the-minute information data, giving priority to response vehicle teams, notifying drivers about road incidents, and delivering ITS services to drivers. They can reduce fuel consumption by routing the vehicles to their destinations so that fuel waste is significantly reduced, and also fully utilise the capacity of the existing road vehicular networks by controlling the flow of vehicles based on traffic monitoring and detecting congestions. Document type: Part of book or chapter of book

Abstract

We present a two-part approach for verifying out-of-order execution. First, the complexity of out-of-order issue and scheduling is handled by creating an in-order abstraction of the out-of-order execution core. Second, incremental flushing addresses the complexity difficulties encountered by automated abstraction functions on very deep pipelines. We illustrate the techniques on a model of a simple out-of-order processor core. Document type: Part of book or chapter of book

Abstract

In the past, district heating (geothermal or conventionally fueled) has not been widely applied to the single-family residential sector. Low-heat load density is the commonly cited reason for this. Although it`s true that load density in these areas is much lower than for downtown business districts, other frequently overlooked factors may compensate for load density. In particular, costs for distribution system installation can be substantially lower in some residential areas due to a variety of factors. This reduced development cost may partially compensate for the reduced revenue resulting from low-load density. This report examines cost associated with the overall design of the system (direct or indirect system design), distribution piping installation, and customer branch lines. It concludes with a comparison of the costs for system development and the revenue from an example residential area. Document type: Report

Abstract

The goal of the overall project is to successfully adapt spoolable FRP currently used in the oil industry for use in hydrogen pipelines. The use of FRP materials for hydrogen service will rely on the demonstrated compatibility of these materials for pipeline service environments and operating conditions. The ability of the polymer piping to withstand degradation while in service, and development of the tools and data required for life management are imperative for successful implementation of these materials for hydrogen pipeline. The information and data provided in this report provides the technical basis for the codification for fiber reinforced piping (FRP) for hydrogen service. The DOE has invested in the evaluation of FRP for the delivery for gaseous hydrogen to support the development of a hydrogen infrastructure. The codification plan calls for detailed investigation of the following areas: System design and applicable codes and standards; Service degradation of FRP; Flaw tolerance and flaw detection; Integrity management plan; Leak detection and operational controls evaluation; Repair evaluation. The FRP codification process started with commercially available products that had extensive use in the oil and gas industry. These products have been evaluated to assure that sufficient structural integrity is available for a gaseousmore » hydrogen environment.« le Document type: Report