Abstract

Modern society is facing great challenges due to pollution and increased carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. As part of solving these challenges, the use of renewable energy sources and electric vehicles (EVs) is rapidly increasing. However, increased dynamics have triggered problems in balancing energy supply and consumption demand in the power systems. The resulting uncertainty and unpredictability of energy production, consumption, and management of peak loads has caused an increase in costs for energy market actors. Therefore, the means for studying the balancing of local smart grids with EVs is a starting point for this paper. The main contribution is a simulation-based approach which was developed to enable the study of the balancing of local distribution grids with EV batteries in a cost-efficient manner. The simulation-based approach is applied to enable the execution of a distributed system with the simulation of a local distribution grid, including a number of charging stations and EVs. A simulation system has been constructed to support the simulation-based approach. The evaluation has been carried out by executing the scenario related to balancing local distribution grids with EV batteries in a step-by-step manner. The evaluation results indicate that the simulation-based approach is able to facilitate the evaluation of smart grid– and EV-related communication protocols, control algorithms for charging, and functionalities of local distribution grids as part of a complex, critical cyber-physical system. In addition, the simulation system is able to incorporate advanced methods for monitoring, controlling, tracking, and modeling behavior. The simulation model of the local distribution grid can be executed with the smart control of charging and discharging powers of the EVs according to the load situation in the local distribution grid. The resulting simulation system can be applied to the study of balancing local smart grids with EV batteries. Based on the evaluation results, it is estimated that the simulation-based approach can provide an essential, safe, and cost-efficient method for the evaluation of complex, critical cyber-physical systems, such as smart grids. Document type: Article

Abstract

Preserving information integrity represent an urgent need for safety critical systems, where depending on incorrect or inconsistent information may leads to disasters. Typically, information integrity is a problem handled at technical level (e.g., checksumming). However, information integrity has to be analyzed in the social-technical context of the system, since information integrity related problems might manifest themselves in the business processes and actors interactions. In this paper, we propose an extended version of i*/ secure Tropos modeling languages to capture information integrity requirements. We illustrate the Datalog formalization of the proposed concepts and analysis techniques to support the analyst in the verification of integrity related properties. Air Traffic Management (ATM) case study is used throughout the paper. Document type: Part of book or chapter of book

Abstract

This paper identifies and discusses a set of criteria relevant to assess the impact of using different media in the design of user interfaces for safety-critical systems. An evaluation of different options concerning the allocation of such media during the design of an application in the Air Traffic Control domain is shown to illustrate and clarify our approach. Particular attention is paid on how different choices in allocating tasks among air traffic controllers affect usability and safety of operators' interactions. Document type: Part of book or chapter of book

Abstract

In this paper, we present our experience of using rich and detailed models of human activity in an existing socio-technical system in the domain of air traffic control to inform a use case-based specification of an enhanced future system, called DMAN. This work was carried out as part of a real project for Eurocontrol, the European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation. We describe, in outline, the kinds of models we used, and present some examples of the ways in which these models influenced the specification of use cases and requirements for the future system. We end with a discussion of lessons learnt. Document type: Part of book or chapter of book

Abstract

Intelligent Transportation Systems emerged to meet the increasing demand for more efficient, reliable and safer transportation systems. These systems combine electronic, communication and information technologies with traffic engineering to respond to the former challenges. The benefits of Intelligent Transportation Systems have been extensively proved in many different facets of transport and Soft Computing has played a major role in achieving these successful results. This book chapter aims at gathering and discussing some of the most relevant and recent advances of the application of Soft Computing in four important areas of Intelligent Transportation Systems as autonomous driving, traffic state prediction, vehicle route planning and vehicular ad hoc networks. Document type: Part of book or chapter of book

Abstract

International audience; This paper is about a twofold proposal submitted to the scrutiny of the OSS scientific community. It is first argued that OSS should be considered a means to establish an industry regulation. The motivation of this first proposal is the need for harmonization of the supply chain in certain industrial sectors. The Air Traffic Management industry (ATM) is the only case considered in this paper. However, it is assumed that the regulatory advantage of OSS is not specific to that industry. The second proposal is about how to establish such a regulation through OSS. It is argued that the legal ownership of the OSS product should be assigned to a public organization, preferably to an organization that would be dedicated to monitor and promote the evolution of that product. The motivation for these proposals is based on the analysis of possible scenarios of OSS ownership in the case of ATM. Perspectives concerning the preliminary implementation of the proposals are introduced. Document type: Part of book or chapter of book

Abstract

Interoperability in logistics is a prerequisite for realizing data pipelines and the Physical Internet. Forecasting data, real time data, and actual positions of shipments, containers, and transport means shared via events have to be harmonized and are expected to improve all types of processes, support synchromodal planning, and improve risk analysis from a compliance and resilience perspective. Technically, several solutions are implemented by organizations and innovations have been validated in so-called Living Labs or demonstrators in various projects. These solutions do not yet provide open systems required for a (global) data pipeline. A federation of solutions is required to construct data pipelines and to support sustainable development of applications on smart devices allowing Small and Medium sized Enterprises to collaborate. This paper proposes a set of platform services and so-called platform protocols to allow interoperability of different platforms for constructing a data pipeline. The proposed services and protocols further extend existing interoperability solutions and services for supply and logistics. © IFIP International Federation for Information Processing 2015. Document type: Part of book or chapter of book

Abstract

In order realistically and cost-effectively to realize the ATM (Air Traffic Management) 2000+ Strategy, systems from different suppliers will be interconnected to form a complete functional and operational environment, covering ground segments and aerospace. Industry will be involved as early as possible in the lifecycle of ATM projects. EUROCONTROL manages the processes that involve the definition and validation of new ATM solutions using Industry capabilities (e.g., SMEs). In practice, safety analyses adapt and reuse system design models (produced by third parties). Technical, organisational and cost-related reasons often determine this choice, although design models are unfit for safety analysis. Design models provide limited support to safety analysis, because they are tailored for system designers. The definition of an adequate model and of an underlying methodology for its construction will be highly beneficial for whom is performing safety analyses. Limited budgets and resources, often, constrain or inhibit the model definition phase as an integral part of safety analysis. This paper is concerned with problems in modeling ATM systems for safety analysis. The main objective is to highlight a model specifically targeted to support evolutionary safety analysis. Document type: Part of book or chapter of book

Abstract

Different modelling techniques from different disciplines are needed to model complex socio-technical systems and their requirements. This paper describes the application of RESCUE, a process that integrates 4 modelling techniques to model and analyse stakeholder requirements for DMAN, a system for scheduling and managing the departure of aircraft from major European airports. It describes how human activity, use case and i* modelling were applied and integrated using synchronisation checks to model requirements on DMAN. Synchronisation checks applied at predefined stages in RESCUE revealed omissions and potential inconsistencies in the models and stakeholder requirements that, in turn, led to improvements to the models and resulting specification. The paper ends with implications for requirements model integration, and describes future work to extend and apply RESCUE. Document type: Part of book or chapter of book