Abstract

Public transport is one of the main actors of sustainable transportation. To make an increase in the use of public transport systems and a decrease in private car usage are one of the main purposes of decision makers in many countries. Usage of public transport system has a strong relation with the quality of service. Service quality includes many parameters such as comfort, frequency, information system etc. Fare is another important parameter on demand for public transport systems. All of these parameters are varied by users' perceptions. This study focuses on public transport systems of Denizli, Turkey and investigates users ' perceptions. Bus and paratransit (minibus) modes are regarded in the study. The public survey is performed for these modes. In the surveys, different questions have been asked to participants. Answer of each question is evaluated separately and distribution of each question for gender, ages and jobs are analyzed. Results obtained are summarized and discussed. © 2017, IGI Global. All rights reserved. Document type: Part of book or chapter of book

Abstract

This paper discusses possible contributions of psychologists to sustainable transportation. It is argued that in order to reach sustainable transportation, among others, behaviour changes of individual car users are needed. As transport policies will be more effective if they target important antecedents of travel behaviour, first, factors influencing such behaviour are discussed. It is argued that car use is very attractive and sometimes even necessary for many different reasons. This implies that a combination of policies is called for, each targeting different factors that support car use and hinder the use of more sustainable modes of transport. Next, the paper elaborates on policy strategies that may be employed to achieve sustainable transportation by changing car use. Increasing the attractiveness of sustainable transport modes by means of pull measures seems not sufficient to reduce the level of car use. Besides, car use should be made less attractive by means of push measures to force drivers to reconsider their travel behaviour. The acceptability of such policies may be increased by clearly communicating the aim of these policies, and the expected positive consequences (e.g., less congestion, improved environmental quality). Moreover, possible negative effects for individual freedom may be compensated by implementing additional policies aimed at facilitating the use of sustainable transport modes. Document type: Part of book or chapter of book

Abstract

comprehensive framework is presented for the integration of electrified transportation and renewable energy through repurposing batteries of plug-in electric vehicles towards a sustainable energy future. The framework considers future market penetration scenarios of plug-in electric vehicles, availability of batteries at their vehicular end of life, and the storage capacity required to generate base-load wind power in the region of study. The objective is to develop a model that can be used as a policy tool to investigate how different scenarios and pertinent parameters can effectively meet the challenges of sustainability in the energy and transportation sectors when the ultimate goal is to simultaneously displace fossil fuels with new generation of low-cost intermittent renewable energy. A sample case study is performed for Canada to investigate and verify the performance of the model. The analysis shows that the proposed approach can further improve the energy sustainability performance of Canada in 2050 by 1.65–4.11%, depending on the confidence level and in addition to electrification of transportation. In the framework, a statistical algorithm is developed to calculate the capacity of an energy storage system required for delivering base-load electricity for a wind farm in the future electric grids. The algorithm contributes towards the goal of utilizing low- cost intermittent wind energy to base-load power generation in the future electric grids. The introduced algorithm presents three methods to perform the sizing calculations each representing a scenario associated with the stages of the wind energy industry. The results of the studied case are applied to estimate the cost of wind energy to produce rated power at different confidence levels, which show cost-effectiveness and less intermittency on the power systems allowing for larger penetrations of renewables. Advanced statistical methods are used to more accurately characterize the operational wind power output versus manufacturer’s power curve. This is essential for effective integration of wind power into the power systems. Four parametric and nonparametric models are applied to estimate the power curve of wind turbines based on the available operational wind power data. The results of this study suggest that the penalized spline regression method presents a better performance over the other analyzed methods. Finally, an experimental testing is performed in laboratory to show the proof of concept of the capacity degradation of used batteries of plug-in electric vehicles in stationary applications using a 25 kWh repurposed energy storage system obtained from a taxi fleet in their “as-is” condition. The proposed comprehensive framework herein presents an approach leading to a sustainable transportation system by providing low-cost renewable energy, and can be used as a gold standard to compare other policies like hydrogen energy technologies. October 2015

Abstract

Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2012 Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 2012 Günümüzde kentlerin yaşadığı en büyük sorunlar ulaşım kaynaklıdır. Kentsel nüfusun artması, kentlerin plansız genişlemesi ve motorlu araç kullanımının fazlalaşması sonucunda hem insan sağlığını hem de kent hayatını olumsuz etkileyen ve yaşam kalitesini düşüren pek çok sorun ortaya çıkmıştır. Sağlıklı, ekonomik, hızlı, eğlenceli ve çevre dostu bir ulaşım türü olan bisiklet ulaşımı, bu sorunlara etkili bir çözüm olmakta ve sürdürülebilir ulaşım konseptine çok uygun düşmektedir. Özellikle kısa mesafeler için bisiklet otomobilin yerini alma potansiyeline sahiptir. Dünyada Hollanda, Danimarka, Japonya gibi güçlü bir bisiklet kültürüne ve yüksek bisiklet kullanım oranlarına sahip ülkeler bulunmaktadır. Türkiye’de ise bisiklet bir ulaşım türü olarak fazla tercih edilmemekte, yaygın olarak kullanılmamaktadır. Bu çalışmada Türkiye’de bisiklet ulaşımının bugünkü durumuyla ilgili genel değerlendirmeler yapılmış, yapılan anket çalışmalarıyla Türkiye’deki bisiklet kullanıcılarının profili belirlenmiştir. Orta ölçekli şehirler için bisiklet yolu planlamasının aşamaları anlatılmış ve Sakarya şehrinde yapılan bir planlama çalışması gösterilmiştir. Trafik kaza verileri kullanılarak bisikletliler için bir yol güvenliği analizi yapılmış ve Sakarya’da planlanan yolun sağlık açısından getireceği faydanın ekonomik değeri hesaplanmıştır. Türkiye’de bisiklet ulaşımının geliştirilebilmesi için hedef ve stratejiler belirlenmiş ve proje önerilerinde bulunulmuştur. Çalışmanın, bisiklet ulaşımı ile ilgili bundan sonra yapılacak çalışmalar için yol gösterici olması hedeflenmiştir. Today, the biggest problems that cities face are transportation based. The rapid population growth, urban sprawl and fast motorization created many problems that effect human health and city life and decrease the quality of life. As a healthy, cheap, fast, fun and clean mode of transportation, cycling is an effective solution to these problems and fits very well into the sustainable transportation concept. Bicycle has the potential to take the place of cars especially for short distances. Some countries such as Netherlands, Denmark and Japan have strong cycling culture and relatively high cycling mode shares. However, in Turkey, cycling is not seen as a transportation mode both by the public and the authorities and it is not preferred that much. In this study, an overall assessment of the current state of cycling in Turkish cities is made and with the results of surveys conducted in cities, the profile of cyclists in Turkey is formed. The steps of bicycle transportation planning for mid-size cities are told and a planning study made for the City of Sakarya is shown as an example. By using traffic accident data, a road safety analysis for cyclists is made and the economical appraisal of the health effects related to increased cycling for the planned cycle route in Sakarya is calculated. The targets and strategies are defined and some projects are suggested to increase the awareness and the level of cycling in Turkish cities. It is intended for this study to become a good source for future studies. Yüksek Lisans M.Sc.

Abstract

n increasing interest in inductive lanes for dynamic wireless power transfer, as a mean of on-the-road charging of electric vehicles, has been observed in recent times. Most of current related research and development efforts have so far been guided by the presumption of a future large-scale adoption of electric vehicle types whose payload and power train characteristics are compatible with the standard internal combustion engine vehicles they are supposed to replace in the coming years. The quest for energy conservation and more sustainable personal transportation, however, opens new possibilities for hybrid human-powered lightweight electric vehicles, such as e-bikes, electric rickshaws and similar lower mass, lower power and lower speed vehicles. These vehicles, when combined with dynamic inductive wireless power transfer lanes are predicted to deliver unprecedented transportation services at low granularity, constituting an alternative to heavier personal cars and even to public transports in some contexts. To allow this modal shift, some urban policies must be implemented, and new architectural guidelines should be adopted to include the inductive electrification of lightweight vehicle lanes. The expected result is a better conservation of energy and the promotion of a safer and healthier lifestyle in the cities of tomorrow. This research was supported by FCT –“Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia”, the Portuguese funding agency supporting science, technology and innovation, grant SFRH/BD/52349/2013, project scope UID/CEC/00319/2019 and the MIT-Portugal Program. It was also financed by the ERDF –European Regional Development Fund through the Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalization ‐ COMPETE 2020 Programme, within project ESGRIDS –Enhancing Smart GRIDs for Sustainability, SAICTPAC/0004/2015‐ POCI‐01‐0145‐FEDER‐016434. The authors are also grateful to the Portuguese National Association of theTwo-Wheeled Industries (ABIMOTA), for providing access to recent statistics collected by the Confederation of the European Bicycle Industries (CONEBI).

Abstract

The paper presents a case study of applying crowdsourcing to library deliveries. The trial was conducted in the city of Jyvaskyla in Finland as part of the Resource Wise Communities program funded by The Finnish Innovation Fund Sitra. The city has a population of 120 000 inhabitants and is facing the shut-down of half of the public libraries in order to adapt its economy to lowered revenues and compulsory cost savings. The assumption was that the level of service for customers not able to settle for e-books would be lowered and/or customers would have to travel longer distances. However, a research pilot was carried out where –instead of lowering the level of service in the area– books and other library media were delivered to customers' homes by utilizing a novel crowdsourced delivery service called PiggyBaggy. Crowdsourced delivery means that citizens deliver goods to each other along their way. Ideally, the deliveries would be made with minimal detour, along the way, thus maximizing the reduction in natural resource use and related environmental impacts from the transport. However, the transport fuel forms only one part of the overall footprint and in practice rebound effects such as drivers traveling longer distances motivated by monetary compensation, can reduce the targeted environmental improvement. The objective of our study was to investigate whether an existing consumer service, in this case the library public service, can adopt crowdsourced deliveries quickly from scratch, and to whether consumers participate in the deliveries in a way that has real sustainability benefits. Despite prevailing regulative challenges, the study found that existing library deliveries can be successfully crowdsourced. Each crowdsourced delivery reduced an average of 1.6 km driven by car, despite 80 per cent of the deliveries being made within less than a 5-km distance. Mobility related footprint reduction potential for Finland is also estimated.

Abstract

Transition towards a low-carbon transport sector fundamentally depends on decarbonization of the passenger car fleet. Therefore, it is critically important to understand the driving factors behind decreasing CO2 emissions of new passenger cars. This paper develops a new decomposition method to break down the change in the average CO2 emissions of new passenger cars into components representing changes in available technology, carbon efficiency of consumer choices, vehicle attributes, fuel mix, and the gap between type-approval and on-road CO2 emissions of passenger cars. Our decomposition draws insights from the traditional index decomposition analysis and frontier-based decomposition of productivity growth. It satisfies such desirable properties as factor reversal, time reversal, and zero-value robustness. An empirical application to a unique data set that covers all registered passenger cars in Finland sheds light on why and how the CO2 emissions of new cars decreased from year 2002 to year 2014. Peer reviewed

Abstract

Public transportation facilitates the mobility of activities and goods from all sustainable development key dimensions. Over the past decades, more trips of public transportation move people towards a more sustainable future, by reducing congestion on the roads and increasing the efficiency of the road system. The research aims at analysing the passenger’s aspiration and perspective of sustainable public transport measure and evaluating Malaysian rural bus services, using the case study of Kerian District in the state of Perak. On-board intercept passenger survey and adoption of Geographical Information System (GIS) / Global Positioning System (GPS) were used to collect the primary data. The research suggested that whilst the services levels are less than those aspired by the passengers, there are many improvement areas to be prioritised in the near future.Keywords: Sustainable transportation; sustainable transport indicator; transport planning; sustainable transportation dimension; passenger’s aspiration.eISSN 2398-4279 © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. Document type: Article

Abstract

Purpose This paper aims to determine the urban traffic flow spatiotemporal characteristics and correlation with the built environment using SCATS (Sydney Coordinated Adaptive Traffic System) and POIs (Point of Interests) data of Shenyang, China. Methods A standard analysis framework based on these data is proposed in the paper. The study analyzes the traffic volume spatiotemporal distributions and built environment influence factors determined by the geographical detector. An improved gravity model using simple structural parameters (lanes number and road length) is proposed to estimate the traffic flows of day and peak hour scales for specific flow ranges. Results The results show that the peak hours of different intersections and roads are heterogeneous and reveal trip time flexibility. The correlation between peak hour flows and day flows is significant in the multidimensional analysis. Based on the investigation of lanes, more interesting conclusions are found. In this case, when the numbers of lanes of intersections and roads are more than 14 and 4 respectively, the lane resources are wasted to a great extent. There is also a certain correlation between these factors. Proposed gravity model establishes the connection between structure and function of urban roads. Conclusions Flexible work time and places will be effective methods to reduce traffic congestion. The day flows could be estimated via a traffic survey on peak hour flows, especially in developing cities. The traffic flow mainly concentrates in a relatively small part of city roads. The maximum service traffic volumes exhibit segmentation, we should reconsider the maximum optimal lanes number of intersections and roads under better performance and utilization rate of the network. The effect of lanes number on the service traffic volumes is found to be more significant compared with the other factors. Our conclusions will be helpful for policy-makers and sustainable urban planning. Document type: Article

Abstract

Shared mobility—the shared use of a vehicle, bicycle, or other mode—is an innovative transportation strategy that enables users to gain short-term access to transportation modes on an “as-needed” basis. Shared mobility includes various forms of carsharing, bikesharing, ridesharing, on-demand ride services, and microtransit. Additionally, smartphone and mobile “apps” aggregate and optimize these mobility services and are critical to many shared mobility modes. Courier network services connect couriers using their personal vehicles or bicycles with freight and seek to disrupt the existing package and food delivery industry. The emergence of automated vehicles into shared mobility could further transform the passenger and freight transportation system, with greater emphasis on shared mobility. This chapter describes the different models that have emerged in the shared mobility space and reviews research that has quantified the environmental, social, and transportation-related impacts of these services. The authors also project future trends as automated vehicles begin to emerge.