Abstract

The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and discrete element method (DEM) coupling method is used to simulate the flushing process of the toilet and this paper analyzes the influence of different structural parameters of siphon pipe on the flushing performance of the toilet. And through the adjusted-parameters toilet, tlushing experments were carried out to verify the simulations. Meanwhile the orthogonal test of different structural parameters of siphon pipes were conducted to study the flushing Performance. The research results show that the CFD-DEM coupling method can be used to study the regularity of the toilet flushing performance. The toilet can get the better flushing performance when the tilt angle of the angle of inclination is 50°, the curvature width and length are 50 mm and 220 mm, the width and height of the secondary water seal are 100 mm and 25 mm and pipe diameter is 53 mm. The method in this paper can provide a new idea for the study and design of the flushing performance of the toilet. '''Keyword:''' CFD-DEM, flushing performance, structural parameters, coupling method, adjusted-parameters toilet

Abstract

The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and discrete element method (DEM) coupling method is used to simulate the flushing process of the toilet and this paper analyzes the influence of different structural parameters of siphon pipe on the flushing performance of the toilet. And through the adjusted-parameters toilet, tlushing experments were carried out to verify the simulations. Meanwhile the orthogonal test of different structural parameters of siphon pipes were conducted to study the flushing Performance. The research results show that the CFD-DEM coupling method can be used to study the regularity of the toilet flushing performance. The toilet can get the better flushing performance when the tilt angle of the angle of inclination is 50°, the curvature width and length are 50 mm and 220 mm, the width and height of the secondary water seal are 100 mm and 25 mm and pipe diameter is 53 mm. The method in this paper can provide a new idea for the study and design of the flushing performance of the toilet.

Abstract

Abstract

It is widely known that exporters are, on average, larger firms
than exporters. In other words, the larger firm is more likely to
be an exporter. What caused it? A natural explanation can be offered with
positions of the latest theory of international trade, laid down in the classic article [1].
Within the framework of this theory, the main factor determining the entry of companies into export
markets, are the fixed costs associated with it. Accordingly, those companies
which can capture a large share of the foreign market after entering it, with
other equal, are more likely to decide that the resulting
additional profit compensates for one-time fixed costs. And the ability
capture market share within the relevant models is directly related to
marginal cost, efficiency and productivity of the firm. In the same time
we can expect more productive firms to grow faster. Tem
in this way we can explain the relationship between the size of a company and its export
status, but we also get a more important relationship - between the export status
company and its efficiency, and this pattern is observed in practice.
Indeed, if we accept the considerations described above, then we expect that more
manufacturing firms will become exporters more often.
At the same time, there is another point of view - that the company's entry into export markets
can lead to an increase in its efficiency and productivity through the mechanism
"learning through export". After entering the export markets, the company
forced to make more investments in new technologies, new business practices.
In addition, the presence of external relations can greatly facilitate borrowing and exchange
experience and technology. This effect can be a significant practical
interest, since increasing the productivity of enterprises can serve as an important
source of economic growth and ensure the development of Russia. Accordingly, in
In this paper, we aim to separate the relationship between performance
and export status for these two effects in order to determine potential
opportunities to stimulate the development of Russian enterprises by facilitating
them access to foreign markets