Abstract

With the objective to identify, among 317 municipalities and delegations of the country, those requiring with higher priority drug abuse prevention and treatment services, it was made a cross-sectional study, based on the Delphi method, which is a structured methodology to systematically collect expert opinions on an issue, so that the individual assessments are transformed to produce a collective judgment on the subject that was carried out, and apply a weight to the variables under study. In this case we had a panel of 55 experts, whose assessed the risk level of 33 updated demographic, health, economic, education, housing, geographic, touristic, socio-familiar, drug trafficking and use of illegal drugs. The studied variables were: Proportion of urban concentration, average growth rate, average age, proportion of male population, international migration rate, Proportion of health services, Homes with water and electricity, Drawnig housing service, Internet housing service, Overcrowding level, Income level, Food poverty, Capability poverty, Patrimony poverty, Persons of 3 years and older who do not attend school, Persons aged 12 and over who do not attend school, school level, location on the northern border, are part of large metropolis, inflow of national and international tourism, proportion of early pregnancy, people who practice some religion, be located on routes of trafficking marijuana, cocaine, methamphetamine and / or heroin, prevalence of drug use among young people, prevalence of cocaine and marijuana use, the perception of increased drug use, and the proportion of the population that has been offered drugs for free. The results showed that of the 371 municipalities and delegations with 50, 000 inhabitants or more considered for this study, 85 of them were part of large metropolis with more than a million people, 73 were tourist spots and 73.5% of the localities made urban concentrations. Were identified 59 municipalities and delegations with a high or very high macro-social risk level and 105 municipalities and delegations with a medium-high macro-social risk level, requiring with highest priority services of prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of drug abuse problems.

Abstract

the modern urban−suburban context becomes increasingly problematic with traffic congestion, air pollution, and increased cost of living, city planners are turning their attention to transit-oriented development as a strategy to promote healthy communities. Transit-oriented developments bring valuable resources and improvements in infrastructure, but they also may be reinforcing decades-old processes of residential segregation, gentrification, and displacement of low-income residents and communities of color. Careful consideration of zoning, neighborhood design, and affordability is vital to mitigating the impacts of transit-induced gentrification, a socioeconomic by-product of transit-oriented development whereby the provision of transit service “upscales” nearby neighborhood(s) and displaces existing community members with more affluent and often White residents. To date, the available research and, thus, overall understanding of transit-induced gentrification and the related social determinants of health are limited and mixed. In this review, an overview of racial residential segregation, light rail transit developments, and gentrification in the United States has been provided. Implications for future transit-oriented developments are also presented along with a discussion of possible solutions. Document type: Article