Abstract

Blockchain technology is being introduced in all areas and procedures of verification, identification and recording of the virtual world. Some of its applications are simple translations of methods that are already being developed in other technical supports, but most of them provide new utilities that can change the technological context of scientific documentation. In this article we present an updated panorama of the initiatives based on blockchain for the management of scientific and technological documentation, highlighting those aspects that make this new technology a differentiated and authentically novel tool. A critical analysis with theoretical and practical considerations on its potential use completes the content of this work.

Abstract

Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) refers to a technology that could help make the electricity grid more effective, reduce the cost of ownership of electric vehicles (EVs), and help integrate intermittent renewable energy sources. However, despite these advantages, implementation and even knowledge of the technology is not widespread. In order to explore why, we ask the question: what are the barriers that V2G currently faces? To provide an answer, the authors conducted 227 semi-structured interviews with transportation and electricity experts from 201 institutions across seventeen cities within a market currently experimenting with electric mobility and V2G, the Nordic region. Results show that there is an extensive range of barriers facing V2G, with experts suggesting in total 35 categories of barriers. While the literature espouses substantial benefits of V2G, the experts interviewed generally displayed skepticism of the benefits and necessity of V2G in the Nordics. We categorized the top nine discussed barriers into four clusters. These clusters focused on the experts’ skepticism of the benefits of V2G, consumer acceptance, economic viability, and regulatory structure for V2G participation. We conclude the paper with policy implications and suggestions for future research.

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the effect in the energy network of a big shared of decarbonise vehicles (NGV and EV) based on car-use profiles of current conventional and electric vehicles in the city of Groningen. Charging profiles were developed within CBS dataset of mobility and transport, and the electric charging profiles provided by E-Laad.

Abstract

Pressurized pipelines represent the most reliable and cost effective way of transporting captured CO2 from fossil fuel-fired electricity generation plants for subsequent sequestration. Leakage of CO2 through a small puncture is the most common form pipeline failure during normal operation; such failures could lead to fracture. The study of pipeline depressurization and inventory dispersion behavior is of paramount importance for assessing the possibility of fracture propagation and the impact of CO2 pipeline releases on the surrounding environment. A large-scale fully instrumented pipeline (258 m long, 233mm i.d.) was constructed to study the pressure response, phase transition and dispersion of gaseous, dense and supercritical phase CO2 during vertical leakage through a 15 mm diameter orifice. The fluid pressures and temperatures in the pipeline were recorded to study the pressure response and phase transition inside the pipeline. Video cameras and CO2 concentration sensors were used to monitor the formation of the visible cloud and the gas concentration distribution in the far-field. There was a “two cold, intermediate hot” phenomenon during the vertical release in the dense and supercritical release due to the dry ice particle accumulation near the orifice. The intersection of the jet flow and settling CO2 mixture resulted in complex visible cloud forms in dense CO2 release.

Abstract

Energy supply through integrated renewable energy sources (RESs) and battery systems will be of higher importance for future residential sectors. Optimal energy management and sizing for the components of residential systems can enhance efficiency, self-suffiency, and meanwhile can be cost-effective by reducing investment as well as operating costs. Accordingly, this paper proposes an exhaustive optimization model for determining the capacity of RESs, namely: wind turbines and photovoltaic (PV) systems. In this study, batteries and electric vehicles (EVs) are utilized in line with other sources to capture fluctuations of RESs. To model the uncertainties of RESs, energy prices, and load demands a linearized stochastic programming framework is applied. The proposed framework involves long-term and efficient resource development alongside with short-term management and utilization of these resources for supplying the demand load. In our study, we utilize the roulette wheel mechanism (RWM) method as well as proper probability distribution functions (PDFs) to generate scenarios for all sources of uncertainties, including wind turbines, PV systems, demand, and electricity market price. The approach is verified in two different cases, including an individual home and a larger micro-grid (MG). The results of multiple numerical simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed stochastic model.