Abstract

The evolution of libraries through three stages –modernization, automation and digitization- is analysed. A formula is presented to evaluate the importance of libraries to our society, and it is applied both retrospectively and futuristically, extrapolating a 2030 scenario. The conclusion is that if the current generation of librarians does not introduce radical changes in the role of libraries, their future is seriously threatened.

Abstract

The evolution of libraries through three stages –modernization, automation and digitization- is analysed. A formula is presented to evaluate the importance of libraries to our society, and it is applied both retrospectively and futuristically, extrapolating a 2030 scenario. The conclusion is that if the current generation of librarians does not introduce radical changes in the role of libraries, their future is seriously threatened.

Abstract

International audience; The measurement of the operators' workload is an important aspect of usage-oriented design of professional systems. In domains such as avionics, air traffic management or mission systems, being able to quantify the operators' workload under stress, and in potentially demanding physical and mental conditions, is mandatory to anticipate overload and prevent human errors. Current approaches to workload estimation rely mainly on experimentation in simulation as an approach that has proven its efficiency for the identification of bad system and/or user interface design. Even if one cannot expect to totally avoid experimenting, given the complexity of the issue of workload computation, a priori estimation of workload might be an interesting tool to pre-validate a design in order to save some time in the experimentation phase and facilitate the analysis of overload situations that appear during experimentation. Various approaches to the a priori measurement of workload have been proposed: performance-based, physiological and subjective measures. Although performance and physiological measures of workload may be more precise, subjective measures are more practical, easier and less costly to use. For these reasons, they have been applied to many complex domains. The experience, the skills and the level of training of the operator have been identified in the literature as being important human factors. Nevertheless, these parameters have not been deeply analyzed in the context of workload estimation. In this paper, we develop a predictive workload model based on the analysis of the tasks assigned to a human operator. We propose to use mental representations of tasks, human actors, human roles, knowledge and abilities. We then propose to estimate the operator's workload with reference to his experience and training, the load over time and the task complexity. Our approach is illustrated on an airborne maritime surveillance use-case, in the context of the French Medusa project.

Abstract

In the last years there has been an increase of gender studies, with the incorporation of women at academic world and as consecuence of a bigger social awareness. Even so, the analyses of this type, specially in communication, are not very usual. The object of this paper is to analyze gender construction and stereotypes in spanish fiction TV through two successful Spanish series, proposing a model of analyses that allows to recognize and to clasificate these representations.

Abstract

Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) are considered to be the answer to current challenges in road traffic, such as increasing congestion and energy consumption. With the increasing deployment of ITS and new possibilities of digitalisation, the connection and interworking of ITS and ITS services in the form of ITS value chains and networks have become more and more attractive or even indispensable. However, the interoperability of systems and services and the smooth cooperation and collaboration of involved organisations and actors are not an obvious matter. ITS architecture addresses the issue of interoperability in particular, incentivises the deployment of ITS even further and provides organisational, functional and technical guidance."br" This report describes the outline and the status of a German research project with the objective of developing a National ITS Architecture Framework which aims to support ITS activities in Germany. The framework is not based on existing ITS architectures since it is expected to provide a wider view than any ITS architecture before. A common strategy and vision of all involved actors are the core of the approach. They are the foundation of the business architecture which describes the functional decomposition of the system and the relationships between organisations. Strategy and business architecture also represent the top layers of the so called ITS architecture pyramid and distinguish the presented ITS architecture framework from others. The TOGAF Architecture Development Method has been used and tailored to the needs of ITS architecture since it excellently integrates the core aspects and provides a step-by-step guidance for the complete process of developing an ITS architecture.