Abstract

Cultural services, and specifically libraries, must justify to society -and to governments- their social and economic performance. They must prove they are not an expense but rather an investment that yields net benefits with a return on investment (ROI) that in some cases can reach 4.5%. Five methods to calculate the value of library services, and some Spanish initiatives with this purpose, are described. The conclusion is that information services have plenty of annual activity data, but the lack of knowledge about the necessary methodology limits the capacity to exploit these data.

Abstract

Organizations should include social media marketing as a part of a digital marketing plan. Traditionally the benefits obtained fromsocial media marketing have been associated with not economical ROI, i.e., social ROI (return on influence, return on relationships, return on collaboration, reputation, branding, etc.). This study addresses the use of digital marketing campaigns by libraries for social profitability, i.e., obtaining conversions to more readers and more circulation. Concepts related to digital marketing and social media marketing, and the way different types of organizations, business and libraries use them in order to get ROI, are reviewed. The marketing benefits for libraries are presented, along with three case studies about promotion and marketing campaigns in university libraries in Spain that show how libraries can improve and increase the use of their services and products beyond their expectations with a marketing campaign of only three months.

Abstract

"jats:p"In this article the necessity of measuring wind at its different heights is discussed. The economical optimization of tower height is impossible without such measurement. In places where land is relatively flat, for example, in deserts or swamps, smaller wind turbines are more profitable, while in forest zones bigger turbines are more profitable. In both cases, to make a correct decision on the optimal tower height, it is very important to know exactly the wind profile law. Even for places where land is expensive, the measurement of the wind at different heights can influence the correct decision regarding the optimal size and number of needed turbines for getting the required power. For places with cheaper land, this dependence is even stronger. This analysis refutes a common misconception: “the bigger – the better”. Document type: Article