Abstract

The calculation of virtual topologies on mapped onto physical topologies is one of the main techniques in traffic engineering. For a given physical network topology with fixed capacities, and a traffic matrix to route, the problem is the one of finding a virtual topology which will [...]

Abstract

In Europe, all Air Navigation Service Providers (ANSPs) finance their activities by charging airlines using their airspace. These ‘en route charges’ usually account for a significant part of the cost of a flight, and they can therefore influence the route choice: airlines may [...]