Abstract

Production and stock optimization in supply chains is a complex problem because it determines the optimum quantity production in time. Due to their multileveld nature, those problems are mostly solved by different methods and models of dynamic programming. The problem discussed in this paper refers to the determination of optimum quantity of production and stocks within the supply chain in a certain period of time, as well as in each sub-interval of a period, but with the condition that the production and stock expenditure remains minimal and that the predetermined demand in every sub-interval and throughout the entire observation period remains satisfied. Optimalizacija proizvodnje i zaliha u opskrbnim lancima predstavlja iznimno složen problem, jer se radi o određivanju optimalne količine proizvodnje u vremenu. Takvi problemi se zbog svoje više-etapnosti najčešće rješavaju primjenom raznih metoda i modela dinamičkog programiranja. Problem koji se obraduje o ovoj znanstvenoj raspravi, odnosi se na određivanje optimalne količine proizvodnje i zaliha unutar opskrbnog lanca u određenom razdoblju, kao i u svakom pod-intervalu toga razdoblja, pod uvjetom da troškovi proizvodnje i zaliha, budu minimalni i da se zadovolji unaprijed zadana potražnja u svakom pod-intervalu, a tako i u cijelom promatranom razdoblju.

Abstract

Operation efficiency of mountain resort systems depends largely on harmonious operation of the most important and therefore most influential elements of ropeway transportation and tourist subsystems. Within the framework of a tourist subsystem, the extent and quality of tourist offer for long-staying guests plays an essential role. Harmonised development of the above-mentioned elements ensures major utilisation and better economic management of the entire system so that it may offer quality services. First of all, the system enables permanent and environmentally friendly development of the systems that are as a rule in an absolutely sensitive alpine region. The article deals with some results of in-depth research on the ropeway transportation system and the results of know-how transfer into the actual environment of the Slovenian mountain resorts. Učinkovitost delovanja sistema gorskih športno turističnih centrov je v največji meri odvisna od usklajenosti delovanja najpomembnejših ter s tem najvplivnejših elementov - žičniškega prometnega ter turističnega podsistema. V okviru turističnega podsistema ima najpomembnejšo vlogo obseg in kvaliteta stacionarne turistične ponudbe. Usklajen razvoj omenjenih elementov zagotavlja večjo izkoriščenost ter kvaliteto storitev sistema, predvsem pa zagotavlja trajnosten in z zahtevami okolja usklajen razvoj sistemov, ki se praviloma nahajajo v okoljsko izjemno občutljivem alpskem področju. V članku so predstavljeni nekateri rezultati poglobljenih raziskav iz omenjenega področja ter rezultati prenosa teh znanj v realno okolje slovenskih gorskih športno turističnih centrov.

Abstract

Logistics forwarder, as organizer and planner of coordination and integration of all the transport and logistics chains elements, uses adequate ways and methods in the process of planning and decision-making. One of these methods analysed in this paper, which could be used in optimisation of transport and logistics processes and activities of logistics forwarder, is the multicriteria optimisation method. Using that method, in this paper is suggested model of multicriteria optimisation of logistics forwarder activities. The suggested model of optimisation is justified in keeping with method principles of multicriteria optimization, which is included in operation research methods and it represents the process of multicriteria optimization of variants. Among many different processes of multicriteria optimization, PROMETHEE (Preference Ranking OrganizationMethod for Enrichment Evaluations) and Promcalc& Gaia V. 3.2., computer program of multicriteria programming, which is based on the mentioned process, were used. Logistički špediter, kao glavni organizator i planer koordiniranosti i integriranosti svih elemenata unutar transportnih i logističkih procesa koristi primjerene načine i metode planiranja i odlučivanja. Jedna od metoda koja može naći svoju primjenu u optimizaciji predmetnih transportnih logističkih procesa i djelatnosti logističkih špeditera, a koja je analizirana u ovoj raspravi je metoda višekriterijske optimizacije. Korištenjem te metode u ovoj raspravi je predložen model višekriterijske optimizacije aktivnosti logističkoga špeditera. Predloženi model osmišljen je u skladu s temeljnim principima metode višekriterijske optimizacije, koja spada u metode operacijskih istraživanja, a predstavlja postupak višekriterijskog rangiranja varijanti. Između više različitih postupaka višekriterijske optimizacije, korišten je postupak PROMETHEE (Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluations) te računalni program višekriterijskog programiranja Promcalc & Gaia V 3.2., koji se temelji na navedenom postupku.

Abstract

"jats:p" The significant of public transport of cities in many developing countries lies in the fundamental fact that mobility and accessibility are essential for economic growth and of necessity to provide efficient and effective movement for goods and services. The collapse of public intra-city transport system paved way for the rise of motorcycles as means of public transportation in Nigeria. This paper discusses the impact of commercial motorcycle operation as a means of urban transportation. Of the 200 questionnaires administered, 191 questionnaires were received for analysis using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Secondary data was also sourced to serve as complement to the primary data, thus allowing for a robust research. Descriptive statistical tools such as percentages were adopted to present the socio - economic characteristics in the area. Findings showed that the majority of the users are adult between the aged 31 and 40 years. Most of them (53.8%) are married and are fairly educated. Furthermore, it was recommended that the Nigerian government should provide employment opportunities for our teeming youth as this will go a long way in the reduction of number of youth who as a result of unemployment took to motorcycle riding business. Document type: Article

Abstract

The development of logistics has contributed a lot to all the branches of economy. A successful economic subject cannot exist without a well-developed logistic branch. The organization of logistics has become a strategic element of the policy making of enterprises. Modern logistics enables us to bring into line different interests in material flow management. Global organizers of logistic services are developing and specialising in some essential services, such as combining of cargo into assembly consignements and also their distribution. The biggest global tenderers of logictic services are considered (DHL, TNT, FEDEX, UPS, etc). Razvoj logistike je v veliki meri pripomogel k razcvetu vseh panog gospodarstva. Ni uspešnega gospodarskega subjekta, ki ne bi imel zelo razvito vejo logistike. V gospodarstvu postaja organiziranost logistike strateški element vodenja podjetij. Logistika torej sodi med tista področja, ki bodo pomembno vplivala na naše življenje, zato je razvoj logističnega sistema izjemnega pomena, tako za gospodarstvo kakor tudi za negospodarske dejavnosti. Torej nam sodobna logistika omogoča uskladitev različnih interesov v upravljanju materialnega toka. Razvijajo se globalni organizatorji logističnih storitev, ki se razvijejo in specializirajo na nekaj ključnih storitev, med katere spada združevanja tovora v zbirne pošiljke ter tudi sama distribucija teh pošiljk. Med največje globalne ponudnike logističnih storitev prištevamo podjetja kot so: DHL, TNT, FED EX, UPS ...

Abstract

The ropeway transportation system plays a major role in mountain resorts. In order to provide a sustainable development of the entire mountain resort system, the real capacity of the ropeway transportation system was set. The real capacity of the ropeway transportation system is one of the indicators of the development harmonisation level of single system elements. The research into this field was carried out at the Road Traffic Centre of the Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Maribor. The paper deals with the basic points of the topic and the methods used. The know-how transfer of experiences into the Slovenian environment is presented together with the obtained results. V sistemu gorskih športno turističnih centrov ima izjemno pomembno vlogo žičniški prometni podsistem. Zanj je značilna izjemna prepletenost medsebojnih vplivov posameznih elementov sistema. S ciljem zagotavljanja trajnostno usklajenega razvoja celotnega sistema gorsko turističnih centrov je bila v okviru raziskav s tega področja v Centru za ceste in cestni promet na Oddelku za promet, Fakultete za gradbeništvo Univerze v Mariboru določena realna kapaciteta žičniškega prometnega sistema. Izkazalo se je, da je izjemno uporabna kot pokazatelj stopnje usklajenosti razvoja posameznih elementov obravnavanega sistema. V članku so prikazana temeljna izhodišča, metoda in rezultati raziskovanja tega področja ter rezultati prenosa novih znanj v slovensko okolje.

Abstract

The use of road vehicles is increasing, the benefits they afford have been progressively diminished by external costs. Whereas traffic increases as we approach the centre, the road and open space decreases. The greater specialisation allows the city growth in size and in traffic attraction. In this way urban growth feeds itself. Inter-urban transport facilities also become more extensive. Growth in size of the city generates greater amounts of traffic and can eventually give rise to agglomeration diseconomies. Higher transport costs, offices and shops, attracted by the accessibility of central locations, gradually replace residential uses, people being forced to seek housing in the suburbs. As the urban area expands and offices in the city centre are built denser and higher, traffic congestion increases. This may result in the fall in central land values, since accessibility diminishes with the saturation of transport network. Increased pollution takes various forms as noise, smoke and overcrowded housing in the centre, urban decay in the transitional zone as commercial development is anticipated. Uporaba cestnih vozil narašča, korist, ki so jih vozila prinesla pa se pospešeno zmanjšuje zaradi eksternih stroškov, povzročenih s stroški. Kjer promet narašča, predvsem v mestnih središčih, se zmanjšuje prostor na cestah in na javnih površinah. Večja specializacija mestnih središč omogoča njihova rase po obsegu in prometni privlačnosti. Na ta način hrani urbana rast sama sebe. Notranje urbana transportne naprave postajajo man) uporabne. Rast mesta po velikosti generira obseg in število vozil, s tem prometne zgostitve, kar vodi k ekonomskim težavam.. Visoki transportni stroški, obseg poslovnih prostorov in trgovin, ki se veča s privlačnostjo zaradi dostopnosti centralnih območij, postopoma zamenjujejo stanovanjsko gradnjo v središčih mest, in ljudje so prisiljeni iskati bivališča v primestnih predelih. Zaradi tega se mestna središča še bolj gosto in visoko pozidujejo, narašča pa prometna zgostitev. Vse to prispeva postopoma k manjši vrednosti stavbnih zemljišč v središčnih območjih, saj je dostopnost središč vse manjša zaradi vse večje obremenitve prometnic. Veča se onesnaževanje vseh vrst hrupa, emisij vseh vrst, veča se prenaseljenost središč, s tem je urbani razkroj območij poslovnih dejavnosti zagotovljen.

Abstract

Modern approach to transportation system research is based on the system theory. System analysis is relevant. Constant transportation technique and technology development caused by the need of conformation to the new market conditions is the basis for such an approach. The model approach for resolving the problems of public passenger transport is provided in a scientific report. The model of quality of passenger transport comprises the submodels which define relevant measures for the provision of passenger transport quality. The synthesis of sub-model for adoption of quality standards, submodel of passenger demands, submodel of operation safety and security and economic submodel construct the model of quality of public passenger transport (PPT). Its evaluation has been carried out using SWOT analysis. Sodobni pristopi k raziskovanju prometnega sistema javnega potniškega prometa temeljijo na upoštevanju teorije sistemov posledica česar je sistemski pristop k obravnavanju problematike. V slednje nas usmerja predvsem nenehen razvoj tehnike in tehnologije proizvodnje prometnih storitev, ki se mora prilagajati novim tržnim pogojem poslovanja. V znanstvenem prispevku je prikazan modelski pristop k reševanju javnega potniškega prometa. Model kakovosti javnega prevoza temelji na podmodelih, ki določajo potrebne ukrepe za zagotavljanje kakovosti javnega prevoza. Sinteza podmodela osvajanja standardov, podmodela povpraševanja po javnem prevozu, podmodela varnosti obratovanja in ekonomskega podmodela vzpostavlja model kakovosti javnega potniškega prometa, kate-rega vrednotenje je narejeno s pomočjo SWOT analize.

Abstract

On the basis of relevant scientific research this paper systematically and concisely elaborates the interaction between intellectual capital and logistic services production. Full attention is given to intellectual capital as a factor in effective creation of the logistic processes or in other words, to prove the statement that the first place for achieving competitive advantages in the global and/or regional market of logistic services belongs to knowledge used to produce or improve the existent logistic systems and to create new ones.Further, the paper deals with the tasks of creative logistic managers as open, dynamic and stochastic systems based on knowledge or the creation of universal logistic model determined by the fact that intellectual capital and technological paradigm create the way to new logistic paradigm.Special attention is paid to building and presenting a mathematical model for measuring the intellectual capital as well as the success of its use in different logistic companies. U ovoj se raspravi temeljem relevantnih znanstvenih spoznaja sustavno i koncizno elaborira interaktivnost veza intelektualnoga kapitala i proizvodnje logističkih usluga. Najviše se pozornosti posvećuje intelektualnom kapitalu kao čimbeniku efikasnoga osmišljavanja logističkih procesa, odnosno dokazivanju tvrdnje da djelotvorno uporabljenom znanju u funkciji proizvodnje i unapređenja postojećih, te kreiranja novih logističkih usluga, pripada primarno mjesto u stjecanju konkurentskih prednosti na globalnom i/ili regionalnim tržištima logističkih usluga. U nastavku se promišljaju zadaće kreativnih logističkih menadžera u funkciji izgradnje logističkih kompanija kao otvorenih, dinamičkih i stohastičkih sustava utemeljenih na znanju, odnosno kreiranju univerzalnoga logističkoga modela determiniranoga činjenicom da intelektualni kapital i tehnološka paradigma kreiraju put novoj logističkoj paradigmi. Posebna se pozornost u ovoj raspravi posvećuje izgradnji i prezentiranju matematičkoga modela u funkciji mjerenja veličine intelektualnoga kapitala i uspješnosti njegova korištenja u različitim logističkim kompanijama.

Abstract

The paper deals with the estimation of demand functions for services of publicrailway passenger transportation in the case of Slovenia. Six demand functions were selected and separately interpreted. The aggregate values of demand elasticities reported in this paper suggest that the railway passenger demand is price and income inelastic. Coefficients of income elasticity below unity show that the services of railway passenger transportation in Slovenia can be classified among normal goods. A hypothetical increase in average real fares leads to a percentage decrease in the number of passengers traveling by rail that is smaller than the percentage increase in fares. The estimated price elasticities imply that, in the short run, there is potential for improving revenues of the railway operator by increasing average real fares. Prispevek se ukvarja z ocenjevanjem funkcij povpraševanja po storitvah železniškega potniškega prometa v primeru Slovenije. V procesu selekcije je bilo izbranih šest agregatnih funkcij, katerih ocene posebej navajamo in komentiramo. Iz ocen funkcij izhaja, da je povpraševanje po storitvah železniškega potniškega prometa cenovno in dohodkovno neelastično. Koeficientidohodkovne elastičnosti povpraševanja manjši od ena kažejo, da je moč prevoze v notranjem železniškem prometu za povprečnega kupca storitev železniškega potniškega prometa v Sloveniji uvrstiti med normalne dobrine. V primeru povečanja povprečnih realnih voznin se število prepeljanih potnikov naželeznici zmanjša odstotno za manj kot znaša odstotni dvig voznin. Evidentirana cenovna neelastičnost povpraševanja nas navaja k sklepu, da se prihodki operaterja notranjega železniškega prometa pri zviševanju povprečne realne voznine povečujejo.