Abstract

The practice of Maritime Spatial Planning (MSP) has developed substantially during the last decade, calling for more qualified professionals. Education, training, and growth capacity for MSP, however, are (still) some of the less addressed themes in MSP forums and specific learning materials, such as textbooks and practice manuals. Some teaching initiatives have nevertheless arisen at the postgraduate level for training new and specialised practitioners in the MSP field. A quick overview of such initiatives will help answer some questions concerning the path to follow for MSP education and training. This chapter presents an exploratory diagnosis based on a discussion of the basic skills needed to achieve successful professional practice. What skills are expected from a maritime spatial planner? Is a specific background required to become a maritime spatial planner? How should such professionals be trained? These questions are discussed using the visions and insights of consultants, maritime sectors, policymakers, scientists, and teachers of MSP, with experience in countries where MSP processes are already in place. Document type: Part of book or chapter of book

Abstract

This chapter discusses how the UK planning system and local planning practice have responded to the ethnic, cultural, religious and demographic diversification of British society generated by 20th- and 21st-century waves of migration. Planning theorists and practitioners have advocated new forms of ‘planning for diversity’ since the 1980s, driven by a politics of recognition of difference. Such concerns have first been addressed through national legislative anti-discrimination and equality provisions. Local planning authorities have encouraged the participation of ethnic minority groups in planning processes and sought to address their specific needs, through both minority-targeted policies and area-based urban policies. Planners have also played a role in creating spaces of (multicultural) encounter. The chapter concludes by contrasting normative calls for ‘planning for diversity’ with the ambiguities, contradictory outcomes, dilemmas and challenges of doing so in practice. Document type: Part of book or chapter of book

Abstract

There is growing concern that MSP is not facilitating a paradigm shift towards democratic marine management and that it may simply repackage old power dynamics in the rhetoric of participation. MSP has been advanced using the logic of 'rationality' and 'post-political' forms of planning that emphasise consensus and managerial-technological apparatuses for the governance of socio-political natural spaces. MSP has been described as the rational organization of the use of marine space. Rationality is, however, context dependent and the context of rationality is power. MSP processes are, therefore, arenas where specific and multiple instances of power manifests itself. MSP is also an inherently political (sensu Mouffee, 2005) process. Rather than acknowledging debate and dissensus, MSP is advanced as a neutral, participatory process that can develop win-win outcomes. The result is a choreographed form of governance and participation, with clearly defined roles, processes and acceptable outcomes, which renders invisible the politics of disagreement and legitimises the agendas of dominant actors. This chapter argues that to recapture its democratising potential, MSP requires explicit engagement with power and politics. Document type: Part of book or chapter of book

Abstract

This chapter addresses the migration of scientific professionals from Portugal in the past few decades, focusing on the ‘pull’ (which attract skilled workers to a country) and “push” (which repel workers away from the country of origin) factors that drive this migration. Based on official statistics, a questionnaire survey with researchers abroad and semi-structured interviews with returnee scientists, the chapter shows how Portugal, as a semi-peripheral country, has traditionally been a sending rather than a receiving country for scientists. Exit trends were actively encouraged throughout the last few decades by national science policies (training of human resources that provided opportunities for studying and working abroad) and by European policies (of intra-EU mobility). Similarly, the growth of resources in the Portuguese scientific system came to be a factor for attracting foreign scientists to Portugal. Mobility rates, both outbound and return, were high but over time push factors became less significant, as Portugal increased its attractiveness for young researchers wishing to pursue advanced training and even for foreign researchers. However, in later years, the economic crisis and the austerity measures implemented to deal with it, as well as some changes in science policy, have created favourable conditions for an increase in brain drain. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Document type: Part of book or chapter of book

Abstract

International audience; En este libro se presenta una reflexión sobre los riesgos a los cuales está expuesto el Distrito Metropolitano de Quito –DMQ– considerando la cuestión de la movilidad cotidiana de las personas y la cuestión de la accesibilidad. Este análisis se funda en un método elaborado en el marco del programa “Sistema de información y riesgos en el DMQ” llevado a cabo por la Dirección Metropolitana de Territorio y Vivienda del Municipio de Quito y el Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD, ex ORSTOM). Para prevenir eficazmente los riesgos a los cuales está expuesta la capital ecuatoriana por problemas de movilidad habituales o excepcionales, es imprescindible enfocar el análisis en las obras viales claves y los equipamientos de transporte esenciales. En efecto, la pérdida de su operatividad podría dificultar gravemente las comunicaciones y reducir fuertemente la accesibilidad de algunos sectores lo que causaría perjuicios muy severos al territorio metropolitano. La situación es tanto más crítica cuanto que las obras claves son vulnerables y tanto más problemática cuanto que los sectores en cuestión cuentan con funciones urbanas estratégicas (grandes equipamientos de la logística urbana, grandes centros hospitalarios,...). En primer lugar se estudia los flujos y movimientos de personas y el sistema de transporte vigente. Se identifica y localiza en la segunda parte las infraestructuras claves de la movilidad. En una tercera fase se analiza los factores de vulnerabilidad de estas infraestructuras claves, vulnerabilidad que las predisponen a fallos o daños. Por último se aborda los riesgos a los cuales está expuesto el Distrito dada la reducción de la accesibilidad de los diferentes espacios metropolitanos que puede resultar del cierre de las vías claves. En una perspectiva de planificación urbana preventiva, el libro proporciona una base de reflexión para los gestores, pistas para la reducción de la vulnerabilidad y medidas encaminadas a orientar la gestión de crisis. Si bien se dirige a los encargados del manejo del transporte o riesgos, este libro está destinado a los planificadores urbanos y de manera general a todo público interesado en comprender el funcionamiento de la movilidad de las personas y la vulnerabilidad de la capital ecuatoriana.; Ce livre présente une réflexion sur les risques encourus par le District Métropolitain de Quito –DMQ– en considérant la question de la mobilité quotidienne des personnes et la question de l'accessibilité. Cette analyse s'appuie sur une méthode mise au point dans le cadre du programme « Système d'information et risques dans le DMQ » mené par la Direction Métropolitaine du Territoire et du Logement de la Municipalité de Quito et l'Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD). Pour prévenir de façon efficace les risques auxquels est exposée la capitale équatorienne compte tenu des problèmes de mobilité habituels ou exceptionnels, il est indispensable de cibler l'analyse sur les infrastructures routières enjeux et sur les équipements de transport enjeux. En effet, la perte de leur opérationnalité pourrait compromettre sérieusement les communications et réduire fortement l'accessibilité de certains secteurs, situation qui handicaperait gravement le territoire métropolitain. La situation est d'autant plus critique que les enjeux sont vulnérables et d'autant plus problématique que les secteurs en question rassemblent des fonctions urbaines stratégiques (grands équipements de la logistique urbaine, grands centres hospitaliers...). En premier lieu, sont étudiés les flux et de personnes et le système de transport actuel. En second lieu, sont identifiées et localisées les infrastructures enjeux de la mobilité. En troisième lieu, les vulnérabilités déplacements enjeux, les prédisposant aux défaillances ou à l'endommagement, sont analysées. Enfin sont évalués les risques encourus par le District compte tenu de la réduction de l'accessibilité des différents espaces métropolitains pouvant découler de la fermeture des routes enjeux. Dans une perspective de planification urbaine préventive, le livre propose une base de réflexion utile aux gestionnaires, fournit des pistes pour la réduction des vulnérabilités et apporte des orientations pour la préparation aux crises. S'il s'adresse aux responsables de la gestion des transports ou des risques, ce livre est aussi destiné aux planificateurs urbains et de manière générale à quiconque désire comprendre le fonctionnement de la mobilité des personnes et la vulnérabilité de la capitale équatorienne. Document type: Book

Abstract

The objective of this paper is to establish a comprehensive view of societal trends that have an impact on mobility and logistics in the future. Based on a review of scientific literature, the output of European research projects and reports from consultancies, the result of this investigation provides a broad and comprehensive set of factors that influence, and will influence in the future, mobility and logistics. The set is composed of 29 trends organised under 9 larger categories covering economic issues, societal issues, urbanisation, the environment, the digital society, new business models, safety, security and the legislative framework. The present analysis has greatly benefitted from the concept of liquid modernity developed by Bauman that enabled a broad and complete view on the dynamics of society and mobility. It allows describing linkages between social and economic trends, and between society and technology, especially information and communication technology. Thus, the added value of this contribution is its systematic approach allowing to describe this complex topic in an exhaustive manner while focussing on links and dependencies. Document type: Part of book or chapter of book

Abstract

Globalization and global travel have existed for centuries. It is over the past century in particular, however, that travel has become truly global, in the sense that most and not just some travel can in some way or other be said to globalized. Indeed, with the invention and spread of new technologies of mobility (like jet travel), and new technologies of information (like the internet), as with the increasingly invasive impact of human activity on the planet at large (like global warming), it is difficult to conceive of travel in the 21st century that is purely “local.” Travel in the age of globalization, then, is at one and the same time both more widespread yet also more irrelevant than ever. As humans, goods, and information move around in ever-increasing quantities, and at ever-greater speed, it seems that mobility is at an all-time high in human history. On the other hand, as a rising number of people and places are interlinked through ever-faster travel and various forms of communication technologies, the local and the global are becoming harder and harder to distinguish."/p" "p"In this, travel "italic"writing"/italic" has faced a range of challenges that are both old and new. With contemporary travel writers facing a global reality that is very different from the colonial legacy of a traditionally Eurocentric genre, travel writers in the age of globalization have been forced to radically reconsider the itineraries, the destinations, the purpose, and the identity of the traveling subject. Traditionally defined as a white (European) male, the global traveler of the 21st century can take on many forms in terms of race, gender, sexuality, and nationality. At the same time, however, a large number of contemporary travel writers have found it hard to break with the mold of old, desperately continuing to pursue the exotic adventure and the untouched “otherness” of the blank spaces of a map that, in the age of Google Earth, satellite navigation, jet and space travel, global warming, and an explosive growth in human population, are no more. Document type: Part of book or chapter of book

Abstract

This paper focuses on the application of environmental justice principles specifically in the transport context. It begins by giving a background of the environmental justice movement and a definition, and proceeds to describe current legislative mandates in the United States. A holistic approach to transport planning is introduced to highlight the importance of the interrelationships between transport and land use planning. Current practices adopted in terms of environmental justice are illustrated from the Mid-Ohio Regional Planning Commission report as well as a description of the data limitations that result from the models used in current analyses. The paper concludes by providing some recommendations on the areas that need to be developed to address environmental justice principles adequately, and the applicability of these principles internationally. (a) Document type: Part of book or chapter of book

Abstract

The best assets of any community college are their students. Students learn, grow, thrive, and, often, remain in their community to help others do the same. They are vital to the development of their communities. Their voices, unfortunately too often silent to policy makers, can contribute to sustainable futures for the cities and towns in which they dwell. Their experiences and stories can enlighten others about how people live in a place and how those places can be made better for those who live there. How can these voices be heard? Can students at a community college help to generate public participation in government planning? Can they use their roots in the community to help their community find a voice? In this chapter, I discuss the theoretical and conceptual grounding for the “Partnership for Inclusive, Cost-Effective Public Participation” (PICEP2), a model of curriculum for Communication courses at Manchester Community College (MCC) in Manchester, Connecticut, that was designed to amplify citizen voices in government public engagement efforts. This project, which I created through funds from the Federal Transit Administration, is an example of using service-learning with community college students (and their networks) to bring previously silenced voices into efforts to solve/satisfy community/public (transportation) needs. It also indicates: (1) the direct connection between service-learning and participatory action research; (2) the direct role theory can play in project design; and (3) the real and unique contributions community college students, as community members, can make to mandated community-participation processes (as network bridges to additional participants). Document type: Part of book or chapter of book