Abstract

The present article analyzes the presence and the type of use of the platforms and resources of the web 2.0 in the principal online newspapers of Latin America. The results derive from a recent study of 70 online mass media of Latin America, Spain and Portugal with the aim to diagnose the presence of the social web, the type of application of Web 2.0 resources and how these modify the concept of a web newspaper.

Abstract

The animation of network visualizations poses technical and theoretical challenges. Rather stable patterns are required before the mental map enables a user to make inferences over time. In order to enhance stability, we developed an extension of stress minimization with developments over time. This dynamic layouter is no longer based on linear interpolation between independent static visualizations, but change over time is used as a parameter in the optimization. Because of our focus on structural change versus stability the attention is shifted from the relational graph to the latent eigenvectors of matrices. The approach is illustrated with animations for the journal citation environments of Social networks, the (co)author networks in the carrying community of this journal, and the topical development using relations among its title words. Our results are also compared with animations based on PajekToSVGAnim and SoNIA.

Abstract

The network of international co-authorship relations has been dominated by certain European nations and the USA, but this network is rapidly expanding at the global level. Between 40 and 50 countries appear in the center of the international network in 2011, and almost all (201) nations are nowadays involved in international collaboration. In this brief communication, we present both a global map with the functionality of a Google Map (zooming, etc.) and network maps based on nor malized relations. These maps reveal complementary aspects of the network. International collaboration in the generation of knowledge claims (that is, the context of discovery) changes the structural layering of the sciences. Previously, validation was at the global level and discovery more dependent on local contexts. This changing relationship between the geographical and intellectual dimensions of the sciences also has implications for national science policies.

Abstract

The network of international co-authorship relations has been dominated by certain European nations and the USA, but this network is rapidly expanding at the global level. Between 40 and 50 countries appear in the center of the international network in 2011, and almost all (201) nations are nowadays involved in international collaboration. In this brief communication, we present both a global map with the functionality of a Google Map (zooming, etc.) and network maps based on nor malized relations. These maps reveal complementary aspects of the network. International collaboration in the generation of knowledge claims (that is, the context of discovery) changes the structural layering of the sciences. Previously, validation was at the global level and discovery more dependent on local contexts. This changing relationship between the geographical and intellectual dimensions of the sciences also has implications for national science policies.

Abstract

Traffic engineering encompasses a set of techniques that can be used to control the flow of traffic in data networks. We discuss several of those techniques that have been developed during the last few years. Some techniques are focused on pure IP networks while others have been designed with emerging technologies for scalable Quality of Service (QoS) such as Differentiated Services and MPLS in mind. We first discuss traffic engineering techniques inside a single domain. We show that by using a non-linear programming formulation of the traffic engineering problem it is possible to meet the requirements of demanding customer traffic, while optimising the use of network resources, through the means of an automated provisioning system. We also extend the functionality of the traffic engineering system through policies. In the following, we discuss the techniques that can be used to control the flow of packets between domains. First, we briefly describe interdomain routing and the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP). Second, we summarise the characteristics of interdomain traffic based on measurements with two different Internet Service Providers. We show by simulations the limitations of several BGP-based traffic engineering techniques that are currently used on the Internet. Then, we discuss the utilisation of BGP to exchange QoS information between domains by using the QOS_NLRI attribute to allow BGP to select more optimum paths. Finally, we consider the multi-homing problem and analyse the current proposed IPv6 multi-homing solutions are analysed along with their impact on communication quality.

Abstract

In order to have a complete Architecture of the ACTIVAGE platform, the device domain constituted of smart sensor nodes, gateways, connectivity and its associated protocols must be also considered. Therefore, it is imperative to identify the different devices required to implement the uses cases considered in the different Deployment sites (DSes). A systematic analysis is performed on the device, gateway, cloud and applications domains constituting each of the nine DSes. This analysis is based on several registration forms in order to gather key elements of each domain. The original goal was to collect information concerning only the device domain. However during the first months of the project, this goal changed to also include the three other domains in order to get an overall, homogenised, and rich technical information view of each DS. The additional information includes, the DS topology, the applications foreseen, the security and privacy mechanism to be implemented in the overall system, the servers used and their locations, and other information required to facilitate, in Task 3.2, the Security and Privacy assessments. Furthermore, this document gives a summary and classification of the different devices used in each DS allowing the identification of communalities, potential synergies and knowledge sharing between DSs. For the cases where, no suitable solutions are available, new devices could be prototyped in order to support a given use case with the right device or the right security protection level. Finally and in order to have a more complete document, the following aspects are also included: a list of key concepts in the device and gateway domains are explicitly defined to be shared and used in the overall project, a short introduction on the evolution of the communication systems are given in order to understand key IoT concepts at IoT architecture level and in particular at the device and gateway domains, including some security ones, and a brief market analysis on the home automation and health care devices.

Abstract

Optimizing the way traffic is routed over networks has been of interest since we first started using computer networks to communicate and exchange information. Network technologies are constantly evolving and so do the underlying problems that need to be solved. This thesis focus on studying the recently proposed segment routing technology. In a traditional IP network, packets are routed using shorted paths according to weights that are configured on the network links. Segment routing offers a new way of routing traffic by allowing packets to do some detours on their way. Between these detours, traditional shortest path routing is used, making this technology have almost no usage overhead. We aim at providing a mathematical formalization of segment routing and showcase several of its use cases. We believe that such a formalization is going to help advance the research of the algorithmic aspects of segment routing by providing a solid mathematical foundation and notations which can serve as a starting point for others to research this topic. We leverage segment routing to solve traffic engineering problems, perform network monitoring and provide traffic duplication services that are robust to link failures. (FSA - Sciences de l'ingénieur) -- UCL, 2020

Abstract

Transport networks underpin economic activity by enabling the movement of goods and people. During extreme weather events transport infrastructure can be directly or indirectly damaged, posing a threat to human safety, and causing significant disruption and associated economic and social impacts. Flooding, especially as a result of intense precipitation, is the predominant cause of weather-related disruption to the transport sector. Existing approaches to assess the disruptive impact of flooding on road transport fail to capture the interactions between floodwater and the transport system, typically assuming a road is fully operational or fully blocked, which is not supported by observations. In this paper we develop a relationship between depth of standing water and vehicle speed. The function that describes this relationship has been constructed by fitting a curve to video analysis supplemented by a range of quantitative data that has be extracted from existing studies and other safety literature. The proposed relationship is a good fit to the observed data, with an R-squared of 0.95. The significance of this work is that it is simple to incorporate our function into existing transport models to produce better estimates of flood induced delays and we demonstrate this with an example from the 28"sup"th"/sup" June 2012 flood in Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. Document type: Article

Abstract

This paper summarizes Mass Transit Systems (MTS) networks datasets, highlighting the lack of contribution on promoting access to opportunities and city-assets for the most vulnerable segments of the population. As case study São Luís, the city-capital of Maranhão holding the lowest average income in Brazil. Although social inequity issues seem ubiquitous in numerous Brazilian cities, this study reveals evidence of complications on social and spatial segregation being supported by a not reliable MTS service. It also produces an expensive and inefficient system, opening room for informal transports. Lack of subsidies constrains the system to provide a limited service to ‘On-Peak’ hours destinations, rising time-dependent users, and inhibiting the right to the city. A framework developed on system’s behavior analyze both ‘On-Peak’/‘Off-Peak’ periods identified deficiencies hidden behind MTS network’s capillarity, resulting in evidence of social exclusion and spatial injustice promoted by long headways, which does not ease access equally the city.

Abstract

onic proceedings; International audience; AutoNet2030 - Co-operative Systems in Support of Networked Automated Driving by 2030 - is a European project connecting two domains of intensive research: cooperative systems for Intelligent Transportation Systems and Automated Driving. Given the latest developments in the standardization of vehicular communications, vehicles will soon be wirelessly connected, enabling cooperation among them and with the infrastructure. At the same time, some vehicles will offer very advanced driving assistance systems, ranging from Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (C-ACC) to full automation. The research issues addressed in AutoNet2030 are as follows: how can all these vehicles with different capabilities most efficiently cooperate to increase safety and fluidity of the traffic system? What kind of information should be exchanged? Which organization (e.g. centralized or distributed) is the best? The purpose of this paper is to introduce the vision and concepts underlying the AutoNet2030 project and the direction of this ongoing research work.