Abstract

Resilient flooring is a popular choice in healthcare facilities, given its durability, comfort, low maintenance and cost. However, anomalies that occur in vinyl and linoleum floorings (VLF) often do not fulfil the expectations of a flooring with good performance and durability. In fact, studies show that pathological phenomena in VLF occur more often in the first years in service, indicating a probable connection with the design and execution stages. These stages are crucial to the quality of VLF, since, if not given adequate attention, pathological symptoms are likely to increase, hence decreasing service life.The authors developed an inspection, diagnosis and rehabilitation system for VLF in healthcare facilities, including: the classification of anomalies, their probable causes, in situ diagnosis methods and repair techniques; anomalies - causes, inter-anomalies, anomalies - diagnosis methods, and anomalies - repair techniques correlation matrices. The same system was validated through the visual inspection of 101 compartments in six health infrastructures in Lisbon, Portugal, and the respective descriptive statistics analysis of the collected data. That analysis showed, for instance, that the summed contribution of "design errors" and "execution errors" to "faulty welding joints" was 59%. Making an effort to change the situation diagnosed in the mentioned inspection sample, some design and application stages‘ recommendations are highlighted, according to the main sensitive issues of the flooring system during its service life. The sensitiveness of VLF highlights the importance of a suitable maintenance plan to minimise susceptibility to various degradation mechanisms.

Abstract

The paper presents the results of an ongoing research activity dealing with Digital Twin (DT) approaches for Intelligent Construction, optimizing Operation and Maintenance of buildings and urban areas. DT is an essential technological node of Industry 5.0, which leads to the growth of a Collaborative Industry based on the cooperation between machines and human beings to give added value to processes that meet the needs of users. DT realizes the synchronization between two realities: physical objects in real space, virtual objects in virtual space, remaining connected through the mutual exchange of data throughout the entire life cycle of the object. The construction sector is also adopting the new DT perspective to enforce innovative, responsible, and sustainable governance of the life cycle of buildings improving their durability and reducing environmental impacts. Due to IoT, AI, and virtualization, DT approaches permit prediction of future performance in-use, prevent anomalies, downtime, and inefficiencies, to experiment improvements or changes without having to test them on the construction itself or on special mock-ups. The research assumes the aforesaid considerations and states as its principal operational and experimental assets as-built virtual models in OpenBIM connected with Geographic Information Systems and an IoT infrastructure. They realize intelligent constructions integrated with an analytical data communication network for control and performance simulations. Through the study cases analyzed, the paper also introduces arguments for a critical literature review on current statements and future challenges of the DT approach for Intelligent Construction.

Abstract

Fabric Reinforced Cementitious Matrix (FRCM) and Composite Reinforced Mortar (CRM) systems are used as Externally Bonded Reinforcements (EBR) in civil and historical construction. These materials are made by fibrous reinforcement, in forms of dry (FRCM) or cured (CRM) meshes embedded in a cementitious/hydraulic lime matrix. At present, this technology is considered very promising in the field of structural strengthening, retrofitting and repair existing structures. This is true especially in those cases of masonry and historical buildings, due to the specific criteria of conservation and compatibility with the substrate that need to be fulfilled. These materials, in fact, results more compatible with masonry substrate because of the inorganic matrix, instead of polymeric resin used for the well-known FRP systems (Fiber Reinforced Polymers). The recent use of these new materials in civil engineering needs appropriate and complete guidelines, that regard not only the design aspects but also the durability features. This paper presents the results of a large experimental program focused on the durability of FRCM and CRM systems and their single components, in different alkaline environments. For the whole experimental campaign, the samples have been immersed into three different alkaline solutions, for four exposure times (500, 1000, 2000 and 3000 hrs). In addition, in order to study the different accelerating effects due to temperature, three different temperatures were maintained during the ageing periods: 23°C, 40°C and 70°C. The results about the mechanical characterization of residual properties are discussed in order to highlight the influence of alkaline environments on the mechanical properties of single elements and the whole strengthening systems that were tested herein.

Abstract