Abstract

Legibility is based on landmarks and geometry. Visitors in a space learn to “read” an area by using three- and two-dimensional cues. This research aimed to determine the responses of visitors to the influence of geometry on the legibility at Kuala Lumpur City Center (KLCC). The relationship between geometry and space legibility can affect visitors׳ wayfinding. In this study, visitors, including 86 respondents and 8 individuals who participated in a focus group, were surveyed through questionnaires and interviews during daytime. Results show that legibility was moderately and positively correlated with regular geometry, but legibility was negligibly affected by existing geometry. Regression analysis, t -test, ANOVA, and scheme coding of qualitative data suggested that regular geometry used in urban spaces might strongly improve legibility. For urban designers, regular geometry associated with landmarks enhances legibility.

Abstract

The objective of this paper is the assessment of the comprehensibility in museum panels, considering that they are addressed to all audiences and written in standard language. The indicators proposed in the scientific bibliography on comprehensibility are compiled. Subsequently, their application to the museum panels is analyzed. A corpus is built with the texts of panels from six museums and the difficulty of the panels is evaluated by means of classical metrics and tests on users’ perception. The ability of these classic metrics to predict the difficulty for the user is computed with automatic learning methods. Linguistic and term familiarity indicators have been added to improve the accuracy of the assessment. The most effective way to predict the degree of comprehensibility is a hybrid model of classical, linguistic and term familiarity indicators.

Abstract

The communication of an automated vehicle (AV) with human road users can be realized by means of an external human–machine interface (eHMI), such as displays mounted on the AV’s surface. For this purpose, the amount of time needed for a human interaction partner to perceive the AV’s message and to act accordingly has to be taken into account. Any message displayed by an AV must satisfy minimum size requirements based on the dynamics of the road traffic and the time required by the human. This paper examines the size requirements of displayed text or symbols for ensuring the legibility of a message. Based on the limitations of available package space in current vehicle models and the ergonomic requirements of the interface design, an eHMI prototype was developed. A study involving 30 participants varied the content type (text and symbols) and content color (white, red, green) in a repeated measures design. We investigated the influence of content type on content size to ensure legibility from a constant distance. We also analyzed the influence of content type and content color on the human detection range. The results show that, at a fixed distance, text has to be larger than symbols in order to maintain legibility. Moreover, symbols can be discerned from a greater distance than text. Color had no content overlapping effect on the human detection range. In order to ensure the maximum possible detection range among human road users, an AV should display symbols rather than text. Additionally, the symbols could be color-coded for better message comprehension without affecting the human detection range. Document type: Article