Abstract

The aim of this paper is to provide a detailed description of a framework for the estimation of time-sliced origin-destination (OD) trip matrices in a transit network using counts and travel time data of Bluetooth Smartphone devices carried by passengers at equipped transit-stops. A Kalman filtering formulation defined by the authors has been included in the application. The definition of the input for building the space-state model is linked to network scenarios modeled with the transportation planning platform EMME. The transit assignment framework is optimal strategy-based, which determines the subset of paths related to the optimal strategies between all OD pair Document type: Part of book or chapter of book

Abstract

Peer-to-peer networks have often been touted as the ultimate solution to scalability. Although cooperative techniques have been initially used almost exclusively for content lookup and sharing, one of the most promising application of the peer-to-peer paradigm is to capitalize the bandwidth of client peers to quickly distribute large content and withstand flash-crowds (i.e., a sudden increase in popularity of some online content). Cooperative content distribution is based on the premise that the capacity of a network is as high as the sum of the resources of its nodes: the more peers in the network, the higher its aggregate bandwidth, and the better it can scale and serve new peers. Such networks can thus spontaneously adapt to the demand by taking advantage of available resources. In this paper, we evaluate the use of peer-to-peer networks for content distribution under various system assumptions, such as peer arrival rates, bandwidth capacities, cooperation strategies, or peer lifetimes. We argue that the self-scaling and self-organizing properties of cooperative networks pave the way for cost-effective, yet highly efficient and robust content distribution. Document type: Part of book or chapter of book

Abstract

During the last years, many speed-up techniques for Dijkstra 's algorithm have been developed. As a result, computing a shortest path in a staticroad network is a matter of microseconds. However, only few of those techniques work in time-dependentnetworks. Unfortunately, such networks appear frequentely in reality: Roads are predictably congestured by traffic jams, and efficient timetable information systems rely on time-dependent networks. Hence, a fast technique for routing in such networks is needed. In this work, we present an exacttime-dependent speed-up technique based on our recent SHARC-algorithm. As a result, we are able to efficiently compute shortest paths in time-dependent continental-sized transportation networks, both of roads and of railways. Document type: Part of book or chapter of book

Abstract

Different modelling techniques from different disciplines are needed to model complex socio-technical systems and their requirements. This paper describes the application of RESCUE, a process that integrates 4 modelling techniques to model and analyse stakeholder requirements for DMAN, a system for scheduling and managing the departure of aircraft from major European airports. It describes how human activity, use case and i* modelling were applied and integrated using synchronisation checks to model requirements on DMAN. Synchronisation checks applied at predefined stages in RESCUE revealed omissions and potential inconsistencies in the models and stakeholder requirements that, in turn, led to improvements to the models and resulting specification. The paper ends with implications for requirements model integration, and describes future work to extend and apply RESCUE. Document type: Part of book or chapter of book

Abstract

Part 4: Infrastructures; International audience; Digital infrastructures (DI) that support information exchange related to international trade processes (here referred to as Digital Trade Infrastructures (DTI)) have been seen as an instrument to help address the trade facilitation and security challenges. Data pipelines can be seen as an example of a DTI. Data pipelines are IT innovations that enable the timely provision of data captured at the source from different information systems available in the supply chain. Using the pipeline companies can share information with authorities and enjoy trade facilitation in return. The benefits of such data pipelines have been showcased in demonstrator settings. However, outside the controlled environment of demonstrator installations, the adoption and growth of these DTIs has been limited. The benefits based on purely implementing the data pipeline are limited. Combining data pipeline capability with Coordinated Border Management (CBM) has potential to articulate more clear benefits for stakeholders and push further investments and wider adoption. In this paper based on the FloraHolland trade lane related to exporting flowers from Kenya to the Netherlands we discuss a data pipeline/CBM innovation. Through the conceptual lens of DI (examining architectural, process and governance dimensions) we demonstrate the potential benefits of data pipeline/CBM innovation and the complex alignment processes between business and government actors needed for the further adoption. From a theoretical point of view we enhance the understanding regarding the governance dimension of such data pipeline/CBM innovations by identifying four type of alignments processes involving businesses and government actors nationally and internationally. As such the paper contributes to the body of research on DI and more specifically DTI. Form a point of view of practice, the insights from our analysis can be used to better understand other data pipeline/CBM innovation alignment processes in other domains as well. Document type: Part of book or chapter of book

Abstract

Part 1: Traffic Engineering and Quality-of-Service; International audience; In current network infrastructures, several management tasks often require significant human intervention and can be of high complexity, having to consider several inputs to attain efficient configurations. In this perspective, this work presents an optimization framework able to automatically provide network administrators with efficient and robust routing configurations. The proposed optimization tool resorts to techniques from the field of Evolutionary Computation, where Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs) are used as optimization engines to solve the envisaged NP-hard problems. The devised methods focus on versatile and resilient aware Traffic Engineering (TE) approaches, which are integrated into an autonomous optimization framework able to assist network administrators. Some examples of the supported TE optimization methods are presented, including preventive, reactive and multi-topology solutions, taking advantage of the EAs optimization capabilities. Document type: Part of book or chapter of book

Abstract

Offline inter-domain outbound Traffic Engineering (TE) can be formulated as an optimization problem whose objective is to determine primary egress points for traffic exiting a domain. However, when egress point failures happen, congestion may occur if secondary egress points are not carefully determined. In this paper, we formulate a bi-level outbound TE problem in order to make outbound route selection robust to egress point failures. We propose a tabu search heuristic to solve the problem and compare the performance to three alternative approaches. Simulation results demonstrate that the tabu search heuristic achieves the best performance in terms of our optimization objectives and also keeps traffic disruption to a minimum. Document type: Part of book or chapter of book

Abstract

Complying with the European Union (EU) perspective on human rights goes or should go together with handling ethical, social and legal challenges arising due to the use of biometrics technology as border control technology. While there is no doubt that the biometrics technology at European borders is a valuable element of border control systems, these technologies lead to issues of fundamental rights and personal privacy, among others. This paper discusses various ethical, social and legal challenges arising due to the use of biometrics technology in border control. First, a set of specific challenges and values affected were identified and then, generic considerations related to mitigation of these issues within a framework is provided. The framework is expected to meet the emergent need for supplying interoperability among multiple information systems used for border control. This is a post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version of an article. The final authenticated version is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37545-4_7 Document type: Part of book or chapter of book

Abstract

The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39247-4_6 Road traffic is experiencing a drastic increase in recent years, thereby increasing the every day traffic congestion problems, especially in cities. Vehicle density is one of the main metrics used for assessing the road traffic conditions. Currently, most of the existing vehicle density estimation approaches, such as inductive loop detectors or traffic surveillance cameras, require infrastructure-based traffic information systems to be installed at various locations. In this paper, we present I-VDE, a solution to estimate the density of vehicles that has been specially designed for Vehicular Networks. Our proposal allows Intelligent Transportation Systems to continuously estimate the vehicular density by accounting for the number of beacons received per Road Side Unit, as well as the roadmap topology. Simulation results indicate that our approach accurately estimates the vehicular density, and therefore automatic traffic controlling systems may use it to predict traffic jams and introduce countermeasures. Barrachina Villalba, J.; Garrido Picazo, MP.; Fogue, M.; Martínez, FJ.; Cano Escribá, JC.; Tavares De Araujo Cesariny Calafate, CM.; Manzoni, P. (2013). I-VDE: A Novel Approach to Estimate Vehicular Density by Using Vehicular Networks. En Ad-hoc, Mobile, and Wireless Network. Springer. 63-74. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-39247-4_6 Senia 63 74 Document type: Part of book or chapter of book