Abstract

In the following article we present an unpublished and unknown text of Galician discoverer Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa. The letter, wrote in Latin, was send to Lord Burghley, the first minister of Elizabeth Tudor. Its content links chro-nicles and legends of Spain and Galicia to the genealogy of Sarmiento de Gamboa. Here, we offer the biographical context of the letter, a brief study of the sources, apart from the transcription of the original and the translation of the text into Spanish.

Abstract

Luis Pérez el gallego is one of Calderón’s lesser-known dramas, and yet one of the most compelling ones when it comes to reflecting on personal and collective identity, on relations between power and the law, and on historical memory. The existing scholarship on this play has generally focused on the representation of violence and on the figure of Luis Pérez, defined by some scholars as an anarchist. However, there is much more to be said about this character when placed in a larger social and political scenario. This essay argues that Luis Pérez embodies the fi gure of the arraiano, of the liminal citizen located at the border between Galicia and Portugal, frequently depicted as a bandit or as a smuggler. By analysing the social standing and the literary trajectory of the Galician bandit in Calderón’s posterity, I frame the problem of banditry and the role of the arraiano within the political scene to which it belongs.

Abstract

The ultimate goal of private hospitals in Spain is to increase their number of patients, or at least their revenues, whereas public hospitals do not have this goal because they do not necessarily need to attract more patients. Consequently, the communication carried out at each type of institution may be different. In order to find out if there are any differences and determine their impact on citizens, the communication of both public and private hospitals in two regions of Spain (Castilla y León and Galicia) is analyzed using personal interviews and a survey about public relations. In addition, an official health report is analyzed to determine the satisfaction, assessment, and selection of health centers. In conclusion, private hospitals have better public relations; but, citizens prefer and value public hospitals more. The preliminary image of each type of institution prevails over the communication processes they carry out.

Abstract

The existence or lack of media accountability instruments in Catalonia, Galicia, Madrid, and Valencia is described. Among the 60 instruments analyzed are journalists associations and unions, press councils, codes of ethics, regulatory authorities, laws regulating the media, online media criticism by journalists bloggers, blogs about media written by members of the public, and viewers associations. A comparative perspective allows us to identify the status of these instruments in the areas studied, including their similarities and differences, and determine which ones are more consolidated within the studied media context.