Abstract

In this paper we present a method that aims to integrate the use of formal techniques in the design process of interactive applications, with particular attention to those applications where both usability and safety are main concerns. The method is supported by a set of tools. We will also discuss how the resulting environment can be helpful in reasoning about multi-user interactions using the task model of an interactive application. Examples are provided from a case study in the field of air traffic control. Document type: Part of book or chapter of book

Abstract

Computer simulation could be used to reduce the cost of designing human-machine systems, just as it is currently used in the design process for inanimate systems such as electronic circuits. However, past efforts have met with limited success due to difficulties modeling the human components of these systems. We have constructed a software framework and methodology for modeling human performance, APEX, that addresses several of these difficulties. This paper describes a methodology for using APEX to evaluate designs in complex, dynamic task environments; we then illustrate this process using an example from the domain of air traffic control. Document type: Part of book or chapter of book

Abstract

This chapter has sought to explain the context, policy applications, and major design choices in the process of developing an operational urban simulation model, with specific reference to UrbanSim as a case study. It has been argued that careful design at each stage of the process is needed to make the model sensitive to the policies of principal concern, to make the data and computational requirements manageable, to make the model usable by staff and other users with appropriate levels of training, and to fit into the operational practices of the relevant organizations. To be useful (relevant) in the policy process, model design should carefully integrate the elements discussed in the chapter into a design that fits well into a specific institutional and political context, and evolve to adapt to changing conditions. This introduction to the design process sets the stage for more in-depth discussion of specification and operational issues in model use. The UrbanSim system is being further developed to adapt to varying data availability, different factors influencing agent choices in locations ranging from newer and rapidly growing US metropolitan areas in other parts of the world. Considerable effort is now being devoted to developing environmental components of the system such as land cover change, and to developing a robust interface and tools for visualization and evaluation of policy scenarios. Document type: Part of book or chapter of book

Abstract

This paper provides an overview of the reliability-centered maintenance (RCM) engineering process. RCM is a unique tool used by reliability, safety, and/or maintenance engineers for developing optimum maintenance plans which define requirements and tasks to be performed in achieving, restoring, or maintaining the operational capability of a system or equipment. Implementing the RCM process requires the application of a decision logic that enables systematic analysis of failure mode, rate, and criticality data to determine the most effective maintenance requirements for maintenance-important items. It is through this process that the scheduled maintenance burden and support costs are reduced while sustaining the necessary readiness state. The RCM process is designed to focus engineering attention to the part level in a formal and disciplined manner leading logically to the formulation of a maintenance strategy and plan. RCM benefits include: *The development of high quality maintenance plans in less time and at lower cost. *The availability of a maintenace history for each system; one is able to correlate this experience with specific parts and their failure modes and criticalities. *The assurance that all maintenance-important parts and their failure modes and criticality are considered in the development of maintenance requirements. *The increased probability that the level and content of the maintenance requirement is optimally specified. *The basis for routine, on-line information exchange among the engineering staff and management even in a widely dispersed organization. Document type: Report