Abstract

In this paper, we analyze the applicability of blockchain in the transport and mobility sector. To begin with, the paper surveys identified and potential application ideas from publicly available information sources. Secondly, we examine an in-depth stakeholder workshop held to analyze selected transportation and mobility applications and ideas. Thirdly, we present a conducted PESTEL analysis to understand the utility and societal impact of blockchains as well as to provide an overall view on this issue for aiding governance."br" Identified blockchain application areas are multiple, and include mobility services, such as a peer-to-peer car sharing, carpooling, ride-sharing, smart insurance contracts as well as logistics and supply chains with full transparency, proven authenticity, digitized shipping documents, and automated customs clearance. The current state of blockchain applications for transport is mostly at a proof-of-concept level, with specific cases recently moving towards commercial implementations. A visionary future scenario includes autonomous vehicles that operate as independent service providers earning their own fares, selecting their charging and service stations, paying their costs, obtaining their own auto insurance, and even negotiating liability in collisions. Clearly, the applicability of blockchain is under broad exploration, and the results of this study illustrate the status and directions of exploration. Finally, the paper gives ideas and future recommendations for utilizing and governing blockchain in the European transport sector.