Abstract

Due to the limitations of the energy density and penetration ability of arc welding technology for long-distance pipelines, the deterioration of the microstructures in the coarse-grained heat-affected zone (HAZ) in welded joints in large-diameter, thick-walled pipeline steel leads to insufficient strength and toughness in these joints, which strongly affect the service reliability and durability of oil and gas pipelines. Therefore, high-energy-beam welding is introduced for pipeline steel welding to reduce pipeline construction costs and improve the efficiency and safety of oil and gas transportation. In the present work, two pieces of X100 pipeline steel plates with thicknesses of 12.8 mm were welded by a high-power robot laser-welding platform. The quantitative correlation between thermal cycling and the microstructure of the welded joint was studied using numerical simulation of the welding temperature field, optical microscopy (OM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The results show that the heat-source model of a Gaussian-distributed rotating body and the austenitization degree parameters are highly accurate in simulating the welding temperature field and characterizing the austenitization degree. The effects of austenitization are more significant than those of the cooling rate on the final microstructures of the laser-welded joint. The microstructure of the X100 pipeline steel in the HAZ is mainly composed of acicular ferrite (AF), granular bainite (GB), and bainitic ferrite (BF). However, small amounts of lath martensite (LM), upper bainite (UB), and the bulk microstructure are found in the columnar zone of the weld. The aim of this paper is to provide scientific guidance and a reference for the simulation of the temperature field during high-energy-beam laser welding and to study and formulate the laser-welding process for X100 pipeline steel. Document type: Article

Abstract

Porous asphalt is a type of mixture characterized by having high air void percentages that offers multiple benefits when used in wearing courses in terms of driving safety, water flow management, and noise reduction. However, the durability of porous asphalt (PA) mixtures is significantly shorter when compared to dense-graded asphalt mixtures. This study investigated the impact of polyolefin-aramid fibers and hydrated lime in the functional and mechanical performance of porous asphalt mixtures. A parametric study based on the concept of design of experiments was carried out through the Taguchi methodology. Accordingly, an experimental design was conducted based on the L18 full factorial orthogonal array. Three control factors-fiber content, binder content, and filler type- were included at various levels, and multiple responses including total air voids, interconnected air voids, particle loss in dry conditions, particle loss in wet conditions, and binder drainage were assessed experimentally. Signal-to-noise ratios were calculated to determine the optimal solution levels for each control factor for the multiple responses. In the second phase of the research, multi-criteria decision-making techniques -namely, criteria importance through inter-criteria correlation and weighted aggregated sum product assessment- were used to transform the multiple-response optimization problem into a single-unique optimization problem and to elaborate a preference ranking among all the mixture designs. The most significant levels for acquiring the optimum overall response value were found to be 0.05% for fiber content and 5.00% for binder content and mixed filler with hydrated lime Funding: TheFORESEEproject has received funding from the European Union?s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No769373. Document type: Article

Abstract

TO IMPROVE THE SAFETY OF THE INTERCITY BUS STRUCTURE AGAINST IMPACT SCENARIOS AND TO REDUCE THE INJURES AND DEATH IN TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS IT IS CRUCIAL IN A COUNTRY WITH CONTINENTAL DIMENSIONS LIKE BRAZIL, WHERE THE ROAD TRANSPORT MATRIX IS FUNDAMENTAL IN THE TRAFFIC OF PEOPLE AND GOODS. IN THIS CONTEXT IN THE PRESENT ARTICLE, A NUMERICAL MODEL OF AN INTERCITY BUS WAS BUILT WITH ELASTOPLASTIC BEAMS IMPLEMENTED IN A COMMERCIAL SOFTWARE LSDYNA. THIS MODEL WAS SUBMITTED TO DIFFERENT FRONTAL AND SEMI FRONTAL IMPACT CRASH SCENARIOS. WITH THIS MODEL WERE ANALYZED DIFFERENT ACCIDENTS WHICH HAPPENED IN THE BRAZILIAN HIGHWAYS, IT WAS ALSO SIMULATED A FRONTAL IMPACT TEST AND THE RESULTS OBTAINED WERE COMPARED WITH THE EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS. FINALLY THREE NUMERICAL APPROACHES WERE COMPARED, THEY ARE: A SIMPLE MODEL MADE WITH LUMPED MASSES AND NON-LINEAR SPRINGS SERIES CONNECTED, THE ELASTOPLASTIC BEAM MODEL AND THE CONVENTIONAL NON-LINEAR FINITE ELEMENT MODEL BUILT WITH SHELL ELEMENTS. THE DIFFERENT COMPARISONS CARRIED OUT LET US VALIDATE THE INTERCITY BUS MODEL CREATED USING ELASTOPLASTIC BEAM ELEMENTS AND PROPOSE TO USE THIS MODEL AS AN EFFECTIVE TOOL TO SEARCH FOR MORE EFFICIENT BUS STRUCTURAL CONFIGURATIONS AGAINST IMPACT SCENARIOS. Document type: Article